Reducao fechada e fixacao percutanea em fraturas supracondilianas do umero em criancas. Estudo retrospectivo de 32 casos

This retrospective study evaluated 32 cases of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children, according to percutaneous crossed Kirschner-wire fixation. Follow-up was performed by radiographs of Baumann's angle and clinical evaluation of joint movement and carrying angle. According to Flynn's criteria, results were satisfactory in all cases, indicating that this method is a safe and efficient method in the treatment of such fractures.

The structure of the human temporomandibular joint disc: A scanning electron microscopy study

The articular disc of the temporomandibular joint was studied in fetuses (16 to 39 weeks of intrauterine life), infants (up to 4 months of age), dentulous adults (aged 30 to 39 years), and completely edentulous adults (aged 60 to 69 years) by scanning electron microscopy. The constituent bundles of collagen fibers were stratified and were oriented anteroposteriorly, laterolaterally, and obliquely in the middle portion of the disc. A ring of laterolateral bundles constituted the main feature of the thick posterior portion. In the anterior portion of the disc, the fibers were anteroposteriorly and obliquely oriented. On the superior and inferior surfaces of the disc, a thin layer of perpendicularly arranged collagen fibers covered the underlying, thick, laterolateral oriented collagen fibers.

Joint X̄ and R Charts with Variable Sample Sizes and Sampling Intervals

Recent studies have shown that the X̄ chart with variable sampling intervals (VSI) and/or with variable sample sizes (VSS) detects process shifts faster than the traditional X̄ chart. This article extends these studies for processes that are monitored by both the X̄ and R charts. A Markov chain model is used to determine the properties of the joint X and R charts with variable sample sizes and sampling intervals (VSSI). The VSSI scheme improves the joint X̄ and R control chart performance in terms of the speed with which shifts in the process mean and/or variance are detected.

Joint conomic design of x̄ and R charts under Weibull shock models

This paper deals with the joint economic design of x̄ and R charts when the occurrence times of assignable causes follow Weibull distributions with increasing failure rates. The variable quality characteristic is assumed to be normally distributed and the process is subject to two independent assignable causes (such as tool wear-out, overheating, or vibration). One cause changes the process mean and the other changes the process variance. However, the occurrence of one kind of assignable cause does not preclude the occurrence of the other. A cost model is developed and a non-uniform sampling interval scheme is adopted. A two-step search procedure is employed to determine the optimum design parameters. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the model is conducted, and the cost savings associated with the use of non-uniform sampling intervals instead of constant sampling intervals are evaluated.

Joint Vibration Analysis in Patients with Articular Inflammation

The study of articular sounds using a computerized system (SonoPAK) in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) of inflammatory origin revealed an increase of vibratory energy when compared to asymptomatic individuals. The following conclusions were reached: 1. The amount of vibratory energy registered in these patients ranged from 8.50 to 57.61 Hz. The major vibrations occurred in the middle of the mandibular opening cycle; 2. The mean vibratory energy measured at less than 300 Hz was between 5.70 and 48.64 Hz and at higher than 300 Hz was between 3.70 and 8.99 Hz; 3. The peak amplitude in the patients with inflammation ranged from 0.35 to 3.96 Pascal and the peak of frequency from 83.20 to 120.20 Hz.

A joint theoretical and kinetic investigation on the fragmentation of (N-halo)-2-amino cycloalkanecarboxylates

A combined theoretical and experimental study to elucidate the molecular mechanism for the Grob fragmentation of different (N-halo)-2-amino cyclocarboxylates with the nitrogen atom in exocyclic position: (N-Cl)-2-amino cyclopropanecarboxylate (1), (N-Cl)-2-amino cyclobutanecarboxylate (2), (N-Cl)-2-amino cyclopentanecarboxylate (3) and (N-Cl)-2-amino cyclohexanecarboxylate (4), and the corresponding acyclic compounds, (N-Cl)-2-amino isobutyric acid (A), (N-Cl)-2-amino butyric acid (B), has been carried out. The kinetics of decomposition for these compounds and related bromine derivatives were experimentally determined by conventional and stopped-flow UV spectrophotometry. The reaction products have been analyzed by GC and spectrophotometry. Theoretical analysis is based in the localization of stationary points (reactants and transition structures) on the potential energy surface. Calculations were carried out at B3LYP/6-31+G* and MP2/6-31+G* computing methods in the gas phase, while solvent effects have been included by means the self-consistent reaction field theory, PCM continuum model, at MP2/6-31+G* and MP4/6-31+G*//MP2/6-31+G* calculation levels. Based on both experimental and theoretical results, the different Grob fragmentation processes show a global synchronicity index close to 0.9, corresponding to a nearly concerted process. At the TSs, the N-Cl bond breaking is more advanced than the C-C cleavage process. An antiperiplanar configuration of these bonds is reached at the TSs, and this geometrical arrangement is the key factor governing the decomposition. In the case of 1 and 2 the ring strain prevents this spatial disposition, leading to a larger value of the activation barrier. Natural population analysis shows that the polarization of the N-Cl and C-C bonds along the bond-breaking process can be considered the driving force for the decomposition and that a negative charge flows from the carboxylate group to the chlorine atom to assist the reaction pathway. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results shows the relevance of calculation level and the inclusion of solvent effects for determining accurate unimolecular rate coefficients for the decomposition process. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Collateral cartilage ossification of the distal phalanx in the Brazilian Jumper horse

Collateral cartilage ossification of the distal phalanx in the Brazilian Jumper horse is a common finding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the degree of ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx in Brazilian Jumper horses. In an analysis of 652 collateral cartilages from the front feet of 163 horses, 93% of these cartilages had collateral cartilage ossification (P < 0.005), and 7% of these cartilages did not have any type of ossification. In ossified cartilages, 86.4% had ossification beginning from the base, and 6.6% had a separate center of ossification.

Clinical evaluation of amitriptyline for the control of chronic pain caused by temporomandibular joint disorders

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is characterized by a combination of symptoms affecting the temporomandibular joint and/or chewing muscles. The two most common clinical TMD symptoms are pain and dysfunction. Pain is usually caused by dysfunction, and emergency therapy has focused on controlling it. Recent investigations into TMD have led to the recommendation of antidepressants as a supporting treatment against constant neuralgic pain. The aim of this double-blind study was to verify the efficiency of antidepressants (amitriptyline) as a support in the treatment of chronic TMD pain. Twelve female volunteers presenting chronic TMD pain were divided into two groups and treated for 14 days: Group 1 with 25 mg/day of amitriptyline and Group 2 with a placebo. The intensity of pain and discomfort was evaluated daily, using a visual analog scale (VAS), over a period of seven days preceding the treatment (baseline), during the 14-day treatment, and for seven days after the treatment. The results revealed a significant reduction of pain and discomfort in Group 1 (75%) compared to Group 2 (28%) during the three weeks beginning at baseline (p< 0.01). Amitriptyline proved to be an efficient alternative treatment for chronic pain in TMD patients. Copyright © 2003 by CHROMA, Inc.

The role of the oblique ligament in the mechanical behavior of the medial collateral ligament of the mongrel dog elbow joint - Some biomechanical aspects

This study investigated the oblique ligament mechanical contribution to the medial collateral ligament of the canine elbow joint. Fifteen dogs were used for the study of the failure load, displacement, and energy absorption of the medial collateral and oblique ligaments of the canine elbow joint, associate and separately in the joint. Medial collateral ligament failure load and energy absorption were significantly higher in relation to the isolated oblique ligament. When the ligaments were associated in the joint, they presented an increment in failure load, displacement and energy absorption in relation to the ligaments analyzed separately. It was concluded, therefore, that the oblique ligament could have an important paper in the stability of the canine elbow joint, as it favors the medial collateral ligament resistance to the tensile load, one of the main stabilizer of the elbow joint.

Avaliação radiográfica, densitométrica e histológica do uso de perfurações ósseas para o estímulo de consolidação de fraturas do terço distal do rádio de cães

To stimulate the bone callus development process from distal third of radius, 24 adult mongrel dogs used were from both sexes. These dogs were separated in two experimental groups of 12 animals each, named control and treated, divided in 4 moments (M1=15 days; M2=30 days; M3=45 days; M4=60 days), who underwent were performed surgical fractures. In treated group, it was performed bone perforations on proximal and distal edges, craniolateral and mediolateral to the fracture site. At the end of each moment, control and treated animals were evaluated by radiography, histology, and bone mineral densitometry (BMD) was determined on fracture site. According to the radiographic data of treated dogs, it was verified on days 15 and 30 more intense bone regeneration than control group. During M3 and M4, it wasn't detected any difference in bone reparation process betweencontrol and treated groups. In densitometric study, BMD values were greater in treated animals than in control dogs. Histological studies revealed at 15 and 30 days chondrocyte hyperplasia and initial endochondral ossification on drilled limbs; control group showed sustainment connective tissue and initial chondrocyte hiperplasia. At M3 and M4 of the treated group, were verified development and remodeling of periosteal callus in more advanced phases when comparing with limbs from control group. It can be concluded that using perforations enhances blood flow supply and activation of osteogenic cells on fracture site, stimulating the beginning of fracture consolidation process.

Influence of length and diameter of implants associated with distal extension removable partial dentures

PURPOSE

Evaluation of temporomandibular joint noise in partially edentulous patients.

In order to evaluate the presence of TMD (temporomandibular disorder), dissatisfaction related to the use of removable partial dentures (RPD) and the effect of the treatment on temporomandibular joint noises, 13 female patients with Kennedy class I and II mandibular arch were selected. Another 13 young, asymptomatic, dentate patients, also female, were used as reference. After four years, 38.4% were found to have a moderate or severe degree of TMD. Over the four years, the degree of TMD increased in 46.15% of the patients, was not affected in 20.07%, while in 15.38% it decreased or the patients remained free from signs and symptoms. About 30% of the patients at the second year and 46% after the fourth year, had complaints regarding retention and stability. It was concluded that there is no relationship between TMD and the condition of partially edentulous Kennedy class I and II, but patient dissatisfaction increased after the second year and temporomandibular joint noise was reduced significantly with the replacement of the teeth.

Effect of occlusion on joint sounds in asymptomatic individuals.

Occlusion is a predisposing factor for Temporomandibular Dysfunctions (TMD) of the joint, whose first sign and/or symptom is usually joint sound. To verify the effect of occlusion on joint sounds, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) were analyzed in 78 asymptomatic individuals with various dental conditions. Electrosonography was used to determine the intensity of the vibration in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) on opening and closing the mouth. Transducers (piezoelectric accelerometer) were placed on the right and left joints. Results were tabled and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (a=0.05). It was concluded that TMJ vibration in partly edentulous individuals from Kennedy classes I, II and III is statistically higher than in dentate and fully edentulous subjects.