Variation i kvinnors namnfraser i officiella dokument i Helsingfors 1780-1930 : Socioonomastiska synvinklar på makt och identitet

This dissertation is an onomastic study of variation in women s name phrases in official documents in Finland during the period 1780−1930. The aim is to discuss from a socio-onomastic perspective both the changeover from patronymics to inherited family names and the use of surnames after marriage (i.e. whether women adopted their husbands family names or retained their maiden names), before new laws in this area entered into force in Finland in the early 20th century. In 1920, a law on family names that required fixed names put an end to the use of the patronymic as a person s only surname. After 1929, it was no longer possible for a married woman to retain her maiden name. Methodologically, to explain this development from a socio-onomastic perspective, I have based my study on a syntactic-semantic analysis of the actual name phrases. To be able to demonstrate the extensive material, I have elaborated a scheme to divide the 115 different types of name phrases into 13 main categories. The analysis of the material for Helsinki is based on frequency calculations of the different types of name phrases every thirtieth year, as well as on describing variation in the structure and semantic content of the name phrases, e.g. social variation in the use of titles and epithets. In addition to this, by applying a biographic-genealogical method, I have conducted two case studies of the usage of women s name phrases in the two chosen families. The study is based on parish registers from the period 1780−1929, estate inventory documents from the period 1780−1928, registration forms for liberty of trade from the period 1880−1908, family announcements on newspapers from the period 1829−1888, gravestones from the period 1796−1929 and diaries from the periods 1799−1801 and 1818−1820 providing a corpus of 5 950 name phrases. The syntactic-semantic analysis has revealed the overall picture of various ways of denoting women in official documents. In Helsinki, towards the end of the 19th century, the use of inherited family names seems to be almost fully developed in official contexts. At the late 19th century, a patronymic still appears as the only surname of some working-class women whereas in the early 20th century patronymics were only entered in the parish register as a kind of middle name. In the beginning of the 19th century, most married women were still registered under their maiden names, with a few exceptions among the bourgeoisie and upper class. The comparative analysis of name phrases in diaries, however, indicates that the use of the husband s family name by married women was a much earlier phenomenon in private contexts than in official documents. Keywords: socio-onomastics, syntactic-semantic analysis, name phrase, patronymic, maiden name, husband s family name

Structure and representation of correlation functions and the density matrix for a statistical wave field in optics

A systematic structure analysis of the correlation functions of statistical quantum optics is carried out. From a suitably defined auxiliary two‐point function we are able to identify the excited modes in the wave field. The relative simplicity of the higher order correlation functions emerge as a byproduct and the conditions under which these are made pure are derived. These results depend in a crucial manner on the notion of coherence indices and of unimodular coherence indices. A new class of approximate expressions for the density operator of a statistical wave field is worked out based on discrete characteristic sets. These are even more economical than the diagonal coherent state representations. An appreciation of the subtleties of quantum theory obtains. Certain implications for the physics of light beams are cited.

Vuosi- ja kuukausivalunnan aikasarjojen rakenteesta

Engl. summary: On the structure of time series of annual and monthly runoff

Triacylglycerol lipolysis is linked to sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Previous work from our laboratory had demonstrated that deletion of TGL3 encoding the major yeast triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase resulted in decreased mobilization of TAG, a sporulation defect and a changed pattern of fatty acids, especially increased amounts of C22:0 and C26:0 very long chain fatty acids in the TAG fraction K. Athenstaedt and G. Daum, J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 23317-23323]. To study a possible link between TAG lipolysis and membrane lipid biosynthesis, we carried out metabolic labeling experiments with wild type and deletion strains bearing defects in the three major yeast TAG lipases, Tgl3p, Tgl4p and Tgl5p. Using H-3]inositol. P-32]orthophosphate, 3H]palmitate and C-14]acetate as precursors for complex lipids we demonstrated that tgl mutants had a lower level of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids than wild type. ESI-MS/MS analyses confirmed that TAG accumulation in these mutant cells resulted in reduced amounts of phospholipids and sphingolipids. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that TAG lipolysis markedly affected the metabolic flux of long chain fatty acids and very long chain fatty acids required for sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid synthesis. Activity and expression level of fatty acid elongases, Elo1p and Elo2p were enhanced as a consequence of reduced TAG lipolysis. Finally, the pattern of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine molecular species was altered in tgl deletion strain underlining the important role of TAG turnover in maintaining the pool size of these compounds and the remodeling of complex membrane lipids. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Kinetics of copolyurethane network formation

Cure kinetics for the formation of copolyurethane networks of various compositions based on hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB), poly(12-hydroxy stearic acid-co-TMP) ester polyol(PEP), and different isocyanates has been studied through viscosity build up during the cure reaction. The viscosity (N)-time (t) plots conform to the equation N = ae(bt), where a and b are empirical constants, dependent on the composition and the nature of the polyols and the isocyanates. The rate constants (b) for viscosity build up, evaluated from the slopes of dN/dt versus N plots at different temperatures, were found to vary significantly from 0.0073 to 0.25 min(-1); and the activation energies for gelation were found to be in the range 20 to 40 kJ mol(-1). The results have been interpreted in terms of the dependence of the rate constants on structural characteristics of the prepolymers. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Lithium metal borate (LiMBO3) family of insertion materials for Li-ion batteries: a sneak peak

Rechargeable lithium-ion battery remains the leading electrochemical energy-storage device, albeit demanding steady effort of design and development of superior cathode materials. Polyanionic framework compounds are widely explored in search for such cathode contenders. Here, lithium metal borate (LiMBO3) forms a unique class of insertion materials having the lowest weight polyanion (i. e., BO33-), thus offering the highest possible theoretical capacity (ca. 220 mAh/g). Since the first report in 2001, LiMBO3 has rather slow progress in comparison to other polyanionic cathode systems based on PO4, SO4, and SiO4. The current review gives a sneak peak to the progress on LiMBO3 cathode systems in the last 15 years highlighting their salient features and impediments in cathode implementation. The synthesis and structural aspects of borate family are described along with the critical analysis of the electrochemical performance of borate family of insertion materials.

Design and Evaluation of Torsional Probes for Multifrequency Atomic Force Microscopy

Multifrequency atomic force microscopy is a powerful nanoscale imaging and characterization technique that involves excitation of the atomic force microscope (AFM) probe and measurement of its response at multiple frequencies. This paper reports the design, fabrication, and evaluation of AFM probes with a specified set of torsional eigen-frequencies that facilitate enhancement of sensitivity in multifrequency AFM. A general approach is proposed to design the probes, which includes the design of their generic geometry, adoption of a simple lumped-parameter model, guidelines for determination of the initial dimensions, and an iterative scheme to obtain a probe with the specified eigen-frequencies. The proposed approach is employed to design a harmonic probe wherein the second and the third eigen-frequencies are the corresponding harmonics of the first eigen-frequency. The probe is subsequently fabricated and evaluated. The experimentally evaluated eigen-frequencies and associated mode shapes are shown to closely match the theoretical results. Finally, a simulation study is performed to demonstrate significant improvements in sensitivity to the second-and the third-harmonic spectral components of the tip-sample interaction force with the harmonic probe compared to that of a conventional probe.

Ascorbate Protects Neurons against Oxidative Stress: A Raman Microspectroscopic Study

Oxidative stress due to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in the brain as seen in certain neurodegenerative diseases can have deleterious effects on neurons. Hydrogen peroxide, endogenously generated in neurons under normal physiological conditions, can produce an excess of hydroxyl radical via a Fenton mediated mechanism. This may induce acute oxidative injury if not scavenged or removed effectively by antioxidants. There are several biochemical assay methods to estimate oxidative injury in cells; however, they do not provide information on the biochemical changes as the cells get damaged progressively under oxidative stress. Raman microspectroscopy offers the possibility of real time monitoring of the chemical composition of live cells undergoing oxidative stress under physiological conditions. In the present study, a hippocampal neuron coculture was used to observe the acute impact of hydroxyl radicals generated by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Fe2+ (Fenton reaction). Raman peaks related to nucleic acids (725, 782, 1092, 1320, 1340, 1420, and 1576 cm(-1)) showed time-dependent changes over the experimental period (60 mm), indicating the breakdown of the phosphodiester backbone as well as nuclear bases. Interestingly, ascorbic acid (a potent antioxidant) when cotreated with Fenton reactants showed protection of cells as inferred from the Raman spectra, presumably by scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Little or no change in the Raman spectra was observed for untreated control cells and for cells exposed to Fe2+ only, H2O2 only, and ascorbate only. A live dead assay study also supported the current observations. Hence, Raman microspectroscopy has the potential to be an excellent noninvasive tool for early detection of oxidative stress that is seen in neurodegenerative diseases.

Phytomedicinal importance of Saraca asoca (Ashoka): an exciting past, an emerging present and a promising future

Since the dawn of civilization, natural resources have remained the mainstay of various remedial approaches of humans vis-a-vis a large number of illnesses. Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde (Saraca indica L.) belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae has been regarded as a universal panacea in old Indian Ayurvedic texts and has especially been used to manage gynaecological complications and infections besides treating haemmorhagic dysentery, uterine pain, bacterial infections, skin problems, tumours, worm infestations, cardiac and circulatory problems. Almost all parts of the plant are considered pharmacologically valuable. Extensive folkloric practices and ethnobotanical applications of this plant have even lead to the availability of several commercial S. asoca formulations recommended for different indications though adulteration of these remains a pressing concern. Though a wealth of knowledge on this plant is available in both the classical and modern literature, extensive research on its phytomedicinal worth using state-of-the-art tools and methodologies is lacking. Recent reports on bioprospecting of S. asoca endophytic fungi for industrial bioproducts and useful pharmacologically relevant metabolites provide a silver lining to uncover single molecular bio-effectors from its endophytes. Here, we describe socio-ethnobotanical usage, present the current pharmacological status and discuss potential bottlenecks in harnessing the proclaimed phytomedicinal worth of this prescribed Ayurvedic medicinal plant. Finally, we also look into the possible future of the drug discovery and pharmaceutical R&D efforts directed at exploring its pharma legacy.

Stalagmite growth perturbations from the Kumaun Himalaya as potential earthquake recorders

The central part of the Himalaya (Kumaun and Garhwal Provinces of India) is noted for its prolonged seismic quiescence, and therefore, developing a longer-term time series of past earthquakes to understand their recurrence pattern in this segment assumes importance. In addition to direct observations of offsets in stratigraphic exposures or other proxies like paleoliquefaction, deformation preserved within stalagmites (speleothems) in karst system can be analyzed to obtain continuous millennial scale time series of earthquakes. The Central Indian Himalaya hosts natural caves between major active thrusts forming potential storehouses for paleoseismological records. Here, we present results from the limestone caves in the Kumaun Himalaya and discuss the implications of growth perturbations identified in the stalagmites as possible earthquake recorders. This article focuses on three stalagmites from the Dharamjali Cave located in the eastern Kumaun Himalaya, although two other caves, one of them located in the foothills, were also examined for their suitability. The growth anomalies in stalagmites include abrupt tilting or rotation of growth axes, growth termination, and breakage followed by regrowth. The U-Th age data from three specimens allow us to constrain the intervals of growth anomalies, and these were dated at 4273 +/- 410 years BP (2673-1853 BC), 2782 +/- 79 years BP (851-693 BC), 2498 +/- 117 years BP (605-371 BC), 1503 +/- 245 years BP (262-752 AD), 1346 +/- 101 years BP (563-765 AD), and 687 +/- 147 years BP (1176-1470 AD). The dates may correspond to the timings of major/great earthquakes in the region and the youngest event (1176-1470 AD) shows chronological correspondence with either one of the great medieval earthquakes (1050-1250 and 1259-1433 AD) evident from trench excavations across the Himalayan Frontal Thrust.

单晶易滑移阶段位错结构形成的动力学分析

提出了偶极子的保守攀移机制，并建立了一个新的单滑移位错动力学模型，应用该模型揭示了单晶硬化Ⅰ阶段(易滑移阶段)一种平面列阵结构------地毯(carpets)结构的形成，与实验吻合。

Variational Approach to the Thomas-Fermi Equation

By the semi-inverse method, a variational principle is obtained for the Thomas-Fermi equation, then the Ritz method is applied to solve an analytical solution, which is a much simpler and more efficient method.

Evaluación y prueba avanzada de rendimiento de diez lineas promisorias y tres variedades comerciales de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) bajo condiciones de riego, Malacatoya, Granada

El experimento fue establecido en la finca Las Lajas ubicado en el municipio de Malacatoya, departamento de Granada. La zona del ensayo se encuentra ubicada en los 12° 04' 40" de latitud Norte y 86° 01' 55" longitud Oeste en una altura de 70 msnm, la zona se caracteriza por tener suelos arcillosos. El trabajo de campo estuvo comprendido entre el 4 de Agosto al 11 de Diciembre del 2000, se utilizó el diseño en Bloques Completamente al Azar (BCA) con 13 cultivares de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) y cuatro repeticiones. Se utilizaron análisis estadísticos univariados (ANDEVA) y multivariados (Conglomerados y Componentes Principales); separación de medias según Tukey (oo=0.05). En el ensayo se evaluaron características fenotípicas de 10 líneas promisorias procedentes de Cuba y tres variedades comerciales procedentes de Nicaragua, Colombia y Taiwán estas variedades son INTA N-1, ORYZICA LLANOS-4 y TAICHUNG SEN 10, respectivamente. Se evaluaron variables de crecimiento y desarrollo, tales como floración, altura de planta, macollamiento, aceptabilidad fenotípica, y rendimiento de granos, entre otras, y las principales enfermedades. Mediante la caracterización se determinó que los 13 cultivares estudiados presentaron variación morfológica y fenológica, el análisis multivariado diferenció las líneas de las variedades. Las líneas ECIAV-118, ECIAV-119, ECIAV-120 y la variedad ORYZICA LLANOS 4 presentaron senescencia tardía y lenta, y excelente aceptabilidad fenotípica. El rendimiento de las variedades superaron a las líneas, presentando promedios de 4785 y 4822 kg/ha., en cambio las líneas mostraron rendimientos entre 3835.0 y 4572.0 kg/ha. Las líneas ECIAV-118 y ECIAV-119 mostraron mayor tolerancia a las enfermedades, en cambio TAICHUNG SEN-10 fue la mejor entre las variedades.

Una investigación sobre los principios económicos de Juan Bautista Alberdi y sus vinculaciones con la tradición de la escuela austríaca

Resumen: El Dr. Juan Bautista Alberdi, abogado, jurista, periodista, tratadista de derecho comparado, constitucionalista, economista, legislador y político, es considerado una figura insoslayable en la inspiración de las instituciones políticas, sociales y económicas de la organización nacional de la República Argentina durante el siglo XIX. De hecho se lo sindica como la fuente primaria, principal y casi excluyente de la constitución de la República Argentina que fuera aprobada por el Congreso de 1853, si se toma a sus trabajos de derecho comparado,. Complementariamente, concibió un tratado sobre “El sistema económico y rentístico” que aconsejaba adoptar a la Confederación, en el cual se encuentra una gran cantidad de puntos de vista económicos que se pueden considerar muy relevantes al sistema económico a adoptar por la nación. Con posterioridad, en diferentes fechas, e incluso en forma póstuma, se dieron a conocer más trabajos suyos en los que abordaba cuestiones económicas importantes. Dada su formación, que puede considerarse anterior a la del fundador de la Escuela Austriaca, (ya que, aunque en cierto aspectos fueron contemporáneos, la vida de Alberdi se inicia y termina unos 30 años antes que la de Menger), y considerando la barrera del idioma y otras cuestiones que pueden separarlos, la idea de este trabajo es tratar de investigar sobre los puntos de contacto entre ambas corrientes del pensamiento. La intención de esta investigación es doble: Por un lado, abrir un camino de estudio y dar a conocer a otros ámbitos, el pensamiento del Genial Tucumano, y su vigencia en el tiempo. Por otro lado, y ya, de una mayor complejidad y dando lugar a mayor controversia, analizar otro aspecto. Esto es, si dada la actual revalorización del pensamiento austriaco, especialmente en lo relativo a su teoría del ciclo económico, por un lado, y la proverbial inestabilidad mostrada por la economía argentina, al menos en los últimos 80 años, se puede intentar, retornando a los valores Alberdianos rescatar un ordenamiento institucional, que por encontrarse en la esencia de su pensamiento y por ende ser absolutamente compatible con el espíritu fundacional de nuestra constitución, permita además un fortalecimiento institucional del funcionamiento económico argentino.

Temas de historia argentina y americana, 2005, n° 7 (número completo)

Centralismo y descentralización en el Plata. Aproximaciones / Edberto Oscar Acevedo -- La Justicia letrada en la campaña bonaerense. 1853-1856 / María Angélica Corva -- La tradición indiana y la formación del derecho argentino / José María Días Couselo -- El destierro de Perón en la España franquista / Beatriz J. Figallo -- Ideología y pragmatismo: relaciones hispano-chilenas, 1964-1970 / María José Henriquez Uzal -- Los aspectos navales de las relaciones Argentino Germanas II – La época del Tercer Reich 1930-1945 / Julio M. Luqui-Lagleyze -- Las formas sociales del habitar. Derivaciones tipológicas de la vivienda hacia el Centenario de Mayo / Susana N. Tuler -- Las publicaciones producidas por el ambiente del Centenario de la Revolución de Mayo (1910) / Juan María Veniard -- Documentos -- Reseñas Bibliográficas