Crime, ordem e violência em São Paulo: a percepção do nível de violência urbana no município de Assis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

No crime e na medida: uma etnografia do Programa de Medidas Socioeducativas em meio aberto do Salesianos de São Carlos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Geografia do crime e contribuição ao planejamento sócio-espacial do município de Jundiaí - SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

1964 – Práticas jurídicas contra o crime político em Londrina

Este artigo traz uma análise preliminar de um processo-crime de motivação política estabelecido no contexto do embate pela “Revolução” em Londrina em 1964, o qual resultou em um rico corpus documental sobre os modos de compreensão daquela sociedade, em que, de parte a parte, representantes das instituições jurídico-policiais e indivíduos organizados em entidades tidas por subversivas confrontaram-se pela produção de um discurso que persuadisse sobre a verdade dos acontecimentos na defesa de uma sociedade democrática. A partir do momento em que foram recuperados como fontes, os conflitos pelo estabelecimento de uma “verdade” dos fatos nos processos-crime dizem respeito também ao processo de consolidação de uma memória histórica hegemônica sobre o regime militar. É nesse sentido que buscamos trazer novos elementos para uma discussão candente uma vez mais para a sociedade brasileira.

Práticas e representações sobre os comportamentos femininos. Processos-crime de sedução e rapto (Assis/SP – 1950/1969)

O presente artigo discute as questões relacionadas às práticas das jovens das classes populares envolvidas nos crimes de sedução e rapto, delitos contra os costumes sociais, ocorridos na cidade de Assis nos anos de 1950 a 1969, bem como as representações lançadas pelos membros do Poder Judiciário sobre tais comportamentos. A maioria das vítimas destes delitos estava diretamente envolvida no mercado de trabalho e possuía um menor monitoramento de suas práticas sociais. Diante disto, os membros do Poder Judiciário, os quais preservavam as representações tradicionais sobre o feminino, repreendiam estes comportamentos e os consideravam desviantes da moral e dos bons costumes. Pertencentes a um grupo social específico, essas jovens foram vítimas não apenas dos crimes contra os costumes, mas também da discriminação de uma sociedade machista e conservadora.

Crime, medo e percepções de insegurança

O artigo é produto de três pesquisas de vitimização realizadas em Marília/SP, entre os anos de 2001 e 2008, com o objetivo de conhecer a dinâmica do crime sob a ótica da vítima real (objetiva) e captar os sentimentos de medo do risco “potencial” da população (vítima ou não). O primeiro caso – vítima real – constitui um instrumento auxiliar ao desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção mais eficazes por abranger, inclusive, os crimes subnotificados. De modo geral, os resultados contribuirão para a compreensão de alguns aspectos da dinâmica criminal, da relação entre a polícia e a comunidade, da percepção do medo e da sensação de (in)segurança.

Does sex influence intraspecific aggression and dominance in Nile tilapia juveniles?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Digit Ratio (2D:4D), Aggression, and Testosterone in Men Exposed to an Aggressive Video Stimulus

The relative lengths of the 2nd and 4th digits (2D:4D) is a negative biomarker for prenatal testosterone, and low 2D:4D may be associated with aggression. However, the evidence for a 2D:4D-aggression association is mixed. Here we test the hypothesis that 2D:4D is robustly linked to aggression in challenge situations in which testosterone is increased. Participants were exposed to an aggressive video and a control video. Aggression was measured after each video and salivary free testosterone levels before and after each video. Compared to the control video, the aggressive video was associated with raised aggression responses and a marginally significant increase in testosterone. Left 2D:4D was negatively correlated with aggression after the aggressive video and the strength of the correlation was higher in those participants who showed the greatest increases in testosterone. Left 2D:4D was also negatively correlated to the difference between aggression scores in the aggressive and control conditions. The control video did not influence testosterone concentrations and there were no associations between 2D:4D and aggression. We conclude that 2D:4D moderates the impact of an aggressive stimulus on aggression, such that an increase in testosterone resulting from a challenge is associated with a negative correlation between 2D:4D and aggression.

An Additional Baurusuchid from the Cretaceous of Brazil with Evidence of Interspecific Predation among Crocodyliformes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reproductive Dynamics of the Neotropical Treefrog Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura, Hylidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The time course of aggressive behaviour in juvenile matrinxa Brycon amazonicus fed with dietary L-tryptophan supplementation

This study evaluated the influence of dietary L-tryptophan (TRP) supplementation on the time course of aggressive behaviour and on neuroendocrine and hormonal indicators in juvenile matrinxA Brycon amazonicus. Supplementation with TRP promoted a change in the fight pattern at the beginning of an interaction with an intruder, resulting in decreased aggressive behaviours during the first 20min. The decrease in aggression did not persist throughout the interaction but increased at 3 and 6h after the beginning of the fight. Monoamine levels in the hypothalamus were not influenced by TRP before or after the fight; however, the hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT) concentration and the 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA):5-HT ratio were significantly correlated with the reduction in aggressive behaviour at the beginning of the fight. Cortisol was not altered by TRP before the fight. After the fight cortisol increased to higher levels in B. amazonicus fed with supplementary TRP. These results indicate that TRP supplementation alters the aggressive behaviour of B. amazonicus and that this effect is limited to the beginning of the fight, suggesting a transient effect of TRP on aggressive behaviour. This is the first study reporting the effects of TRP supplementation on the time course of aggressive interaction in fishes. (C) 2013 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

Human identification by means of conventional and digital Cheiloscopy: a study of the literature

One of the areas of human identification is Cheiloscopy, the name given to the study of the lips, their characteristics (such as thickness, position of the grooves and grooves) and the record of the impressions left by them. There are variations in the layout of the lines and fissures of the lips, which are unique to each individual, permanent and unchanging. The lip print rarely changes, enduring minor traumas such as inflammation or sores. In criminal investigations, lip prints, visible through the presence of lipstick, can be found on glasses, napkins, clothes, cigarettes, indicating a relationship between the subject and the scene of the crime. Latent impressions may be revealed employing specific chemicals such as powder of silver and aluminum nitrate. Although it is not a very common method, Cheiloscopy may become very useful in forensics due to the extensive amount of valuable information that it brings. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the use of Cheiloscopy in human identification, using traditional and digital methods. It was found that the literature is still in need of studies in this area. The advent of new digital technologies can facilitate the implementation of technical expertise, generating speed and objectivity. New research studies are necessary, especially in the development of digital methods. The application of Cheiloscopy can greatlyhelp with Law, in the identification of living suspects and dead individuals. In the end the benefit will fall to society as a whole.

Violence against children and adolescents: the importance of knowledge of the spectrum of bruise colors in its diagnosis

Introduction: One of the violence types more observed against children is the physical abuse, which produces many types of traumatic injuries. Contusions are common trauma signs and may indicate aggression when frequently present in locations where accidental injuries are rare. Contusions in skin undergo color changes with the passage of time, and such change in color is called “spectrum of bruise colors of Legrand du Saulle”. Thus, it is possible to estimate the age of the lesion based on the evaluation of color. Injuries caused by child abuse often reach regions of head, face and neck, because they are exposed and easily accessible. Therefore, the dentist is responsible with regard to the diagnosis and the actions to be undertaken against the cases of child abuse. Objective: To present and discuss the significance of the spectrum of bruise colors as a considerable visible trace in suspicion of violence against children and adolescents, during dentists’ clinical routine. Literature review: The study of the “spectrum of bruise colors of Legrand du Saulle” refers to the estimation of the age of the injury, in respect to the color change. The application of this study is of great value for identify if a lesion occurred from a single incident or from multiple incidents, especially in cases where it occurs in the same region of the body, indicative of repetitive trauma. Conclusion: The spectrum of bruise colors is very important for health professionals, such as dentists, for the identification or suspicion of cases of abuse against children and adolescents. As great part of the lesions originated of abuse involve the areas of head and neck, it is unacceptable that these professionals are unaware of the basic signs to help in early diagnosis, which is the case of the colors of the lesions. However, concerning the chronology of the spectrum of bruise colors, it is not possible to establish rigorous times.

Influence of sleep disorders on the behavior of individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Trajectory and outcomes of speech language therapy in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): case report

The aim of this study was to describe the trajectory and the outcomes of speech-language therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome through a longitudinal study of the case of an 8 year-old boy, along four years of speech-language therapy follow-up. The therapy sessions were filmed and documental analysis of information from the child's records regarding anamnesis, evaluation and speech-language therapy reports and multidisciplinary evaluations were carried out. The child presented typical characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome, such as obesity, hyperfagia, anxiety, behavioral problems and self aggression episodes. Speech-language pathology evaluation showed orofacial hypotony, sialorrhea, hypernasal voice, cognitive deficits, oral comprehension difficulties, communication using gestures and unintelligible isolated words. Initially, speech-language therapy had the aim to promote the language development emphasizing social interaction through recreational activities. With the evolution of the case, the main focus became the development of conversation and narrative abilities. It were observed improvements in attention, symbolic play, social contact and behavior. Moreover, there was an increase in vocabulary, and evolution in oral comprehension and the development of narrative abilities. Hence, speech-language pathology intervention in the case described was effective in different linguistic levels, regarding phonological, syntactic, lexical and pragmatic abilities.