985 resultados para Cotton, R. L. (Richard Lynch), 1794-1880.
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Plantas de arroz, variedades IAC-25 e IAC-47, foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva completa e com deficiência de macronutrientes. Foram obtidos dados sobre a influência dos tratamentos na área foliar, produção de matéria seca e na composição mineral e observados os sintomas de carência. O estado nutricional das plantas deficientes em N foi também avaliado pela determinação da atividade da redútase de nitrato na folha.
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Plantas de arroz, variedades IAC-25 e IAC-47 foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva completa e com excesso de Al, Cl e Mn (25, 1750 e 25 ppm, respectivamente). As últimas não completaram o ciclo. Foram observados sintomas tÃpicos de toxidez. A produção de matéria seca foi mais afetada pelos tratamentos na variedade IAC-47. Ambas as variedades mostraram-se mais sensÃveis a toxidez de Mn que à de Al. Foram determinados os teores foliares de Al, Cl e Mn associados à toxidez correspondente.
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Bulbos de 2° ciclo, tipo jumbo, com 84 g/unidade e tipo 1, com 35 g/unidade, foram comparados. Verificou-se que: o tipo jumbo teve melhor rendimento de: peso de bulbos; número de bulbos; comprimento da haste floral; comprimento da espiga floral e hastes florais de melhor qualidade. Otipo 1 apresentou melhor rendimento para peso de bulbos plantados por peso de bulbos e cormilhos colhidos.
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A profundidade de plantio dos cormilhos influi na produção e qualidade do material de propagação. Em maiores profundidades, o peso médio por unidade produzida é maior. Para produzir bulbos dos tipos jumbo até o tipo 5, a profundidade de 7,3 cm foi a melhor. A profundidade de 5,6 cm foi melhor para quantidade. Maiores profundidades produzem menor cormilhos.
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Os cormilhos tipo 7 produziram bulbos e cormilhos dos tipos de 1 a 8 em maior quantidade que o tipo 8 e os bulbos tipos 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 mais pesados. Os cormilhos tipo 8 também produziram bulbos e cormilhos dos tipos 1 a 8, porém seus cormilhos foram mais pesados que os cormilhos produzidos pelo tipo 7.
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Bulbos de mesmo ciclo, com pesos e tamanhos próximos, apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes para a produção de flores, bulbos e cormilhos. Os bulbos maiores, tipos 1 e 2, tiveram melhor rendimento de flores, bulbos e cormilhos que os demais tipos, decrescendo esse rendimento com a redução do tamanho dos bulbos por unidade plantada. Em função do peso plantado, as unidades menores apresentaram melhor desempenho.
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Foi estudado a utilização dos frutos abóbora e moranga na produção de doce de leite pastoso. Estudou-se os seguintes tratamentos: 1) polpa de abórora, 2) polpa de moranga, e 3) polpa de abóbora e moranga. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o melhor fruto a mesclar com o doce de leite é a moranga, vindo em seguida a mistura dos frutos. Tanto o doce de leite com moranga como com mistura de frutos, classifica-se no grau de apreciação entre "gostei" e "gostei muito". Já com a abóbora, no grau de apreciação "indiferente". O atributo mais importante na discriminação das amostras foi o sabor.
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The study reports the changes ocurred in feeding ecology of fish species during a tropical river reservoir formation. It was analysed the stomachal contents of 399 individuals belonging to four species of genus Leporinus (L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1849, n=157; L.friderici (Bloch, 1794), n=87; L. octofasciatus Steindachner, 1917, n=107; L.amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski, 1987, n=48) during formation of Nova Ponte reservoir, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1993 and 1994. Specimens were separated by sampling period, according with the rate of filling of the reservoir, and standard lenght classes. The species had included in diet vegetal and animal items of autochtone and alochtone origin in several proportions. L. amblyrhynchus fed on basically dipterans in all the sampling periods and length classes. L. elongatus had presented a diverse diet, with predominance of dipterans and vegetal items, and changed the consumed items proportions along the sampling periods and between lenght classes. L. friderici diet was composed mainly by terrestrial insects during the rapid filling period, that were later substituted by fishes and vegetal items. Ontogenetic trophic changes were observed in this species. L. octofasciatus presented a well characterized herbivorous diet, without trophic ontogeny, but with a opportunistic character. Just three pair-species, L. amblyrhynchus-L. elongatus, L. friderici-L. octofasciatus and L. elongatus-L. octofasciatus, have presented some high value of trophic overlap in at least one sampling period. In spite of the fishes of the genus Leporinus being classified like omnivorous in a general way, the differences found between diets of these four species suggest that there is structuration of trophic niches in the reservoir.
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A new species of pulmonate snail was recently collected in a small forest fragment in the city of Bom Jesus da Lapa, Bahia state, Brazil. Bahia is known for a high diversity of land snails and Bom Jesus da Lapa is an interesting locality, since it is close to the interface between two major Brazilian biomes: Cerrado and Caatinga. The new species is described as Cyclodontina tapuia sp. nov. and can be easily identified by its brown shell, conical spire, convex whorls, a sculpture comprised of strong ribs, and an aperture with four barriers: a median parietal tooth, a median palatal tooth, a median basal tooth and a strong columellar lamella. This discovery is also a reminder of how little the Brazilian continental molluscan fauna is known and of the urgency in studying and preserving the rich (though usually overlooked) fauna of the Caatinga.
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Num lote de 10 vespas, estilopizadas, gentilmente cedidas para estudo pelo Dr. R. L. Araujo, de S. Paulo, os A. A., identificaram 5 espécies do gênero Xenos Rossius (FamÃlia Stylopidae): Xenos bohlsi Hoffmann, descrita do Paraguai e Xenos bonairensis Brèthes, descrita da Argentina, e 3 consideradas novas, que são aqui descritas.
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The megaesophagus and megacolon endemic in South America are related , to Chagas' disease. These mega conditions are found in patients with chronic Chagas's infection, when the parasite is not demonstrable in the lesions. These are characterized by depopulation of parasympathetic ganglion cells, dilation and hypertrophy of the viscera. In the experiments described here we deminstrate a selective affinity and adherence of Trypanosoma cruzi-immune lymphocytes to myenteric, parasympathetic ganglion cells, leading to neuronolysis. None of these features are observed when non-immune lymphocytes from control rabbits are used, or when the immune lymphocytes are allowed to react with CNS neurons. This demonstration is an indication of the high degree of specificity of the destruction of parasympathetic neurons in Chagas' disease. We postulate that the T. cruzi-immune lymphocyte rejection of parasympathetic neurons, but not of CNS neurons, might be related to recognition of a cross-reacting antigenic determinant secreted only by the target neurons. In favor of this interpretation is the observation of lymphocytic infiltrates and parasympathetic ganglion cell destruction in chronic Chagas' infection in the absence of encephalitis.
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Trypanomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi were derived from tissue culture and incubated with immune and non-immune human sera. All immune sera showed high titers of specific humoral antibodies of the IgM or the IgG type. Agglutination and swelling of parasites were observed after incubation at 37ºC, but many trypomastigotes remained free-swimming in the sera for two to three days. The quantitiy of immune serum capable of lysing a maximum of 10 x 10 [raised to the power of 6] sensitized red cells was not capable of lysing 4 x 10 [raised to the power of 3] tripomastigotes. Typically, the parasites underwent cyclical changes with the formation of clumps of amastigotes and the appearance of epimastigote forms. Multiplication of the parasites was observed in immune sera. Further, the infectivity of the parasites to susceptible mice was not lost. All sera used produced similar general effects on the growth of the parasite. The antibody bound to T. cruzi appeard to enter cells by antigen-receptor mediated endocytosis. The ferritin-conjugated antibody was internalized and delivered to phagolysosomes where they might be completely degraded to amino-acids. This seemed to be a coupled process by which the immunoglobulin is first bound to specific parasite surface receptor and then rapidly endocytosed by the cell.
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During recent studies of the parasites of birds from the Amazonian Regio, the following nematodes were recovered: Hoazinstrongylus amazonensis n.gen.n.sp. from Opisthocomus hoazin (Muller, 1776); Ascaridia columbae (Gmel., 1790) Travassos, 1913, from Leptotila r. rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard, 1712) representing a new host record; Inglisakis ibanezi Freitas, Vicente & Santos, 1969, Cyrnea (C.) semilunaris (Molin, 1860) Seurat, 1914 and Thelazia digitata Travassos, 1918. A compelte description is restrained to the new genus and new species here proposed. The other known and well described species are listed and accounted.