Reliure de : Le Livre des statuts et ordonnances de l'ordre du benoist sainct Esprit estably par le très chrestien roy de France et de Pologne Henry III...

[Acte royal. 1578-12-00. Paris]

Simultaneous determination of Pu and Am radioisotopes in environmental samples: a tool for determining origin and release date

A radiochemical procedure was developed for the sequential determination of Pu and Am radioisotopes in environmental samples. The radioisotope activities were then used to assess the origin and release date of the environmental plutonium. The radioanalytical procedure is based on the separation of Pu and Am on selective extraction chromatographic resins (Eichrom TEVA and DGA). Alpha sources were prepared by electrodeposition on stainless steel discs, and the alpha emitting radionuclides (238Pu, 239,240Pu and 241Am) were measured by alpha spectrometry. For the determination of the beta emitting 241Pu, the Pu alpha source was leached in hot concentrated nitric acid and the Pu fraction further purified by extraction chromatography on a small column of TEVA resin (100 μg of resin in a pipette tip). 241Pu is then measured by ultra low level liquid scintillation counting. Due to the lack of reference material for 241Pu, the proposed radiochemical method was nevertheless validated using four IAEA reference sediments with information values of 241Pu. The proposed method was then used to determine the 238Pu, 239,240Pu, 241Pu and 241Am activity concentrations in alpine soils of France and Switzerland. The soil is the primary receptor of the atmospheric radioactive fallout and, because of the strong binding interaction with soils particles, the isotopes are little fractionated. Therefore, the activity ratios 241Pu/239+240Pu and 238Pu/239,240Pu in soil samples were used to determine the origin (source) and date of the Pu contamination in the investigated alpine sites. The 241Pu/239,240Pu and 238Pu/239,240Pu activity ratios confirmed that the main origin of Pu in the alpine soils was the global fallout from the nuclear bomb tests (NBT) in the fifties and sixties. Furthermore, the 241Pu/241Am activity ratios were used to determine the age of the Pu contamination, which is also an important data for distinguishing the Pu sources. The estimation of the date of the contamination, by the 241Pu/241Am age-dating method, further confirmed the NBT as the Pu source. However, the 241Pu/241Am dating method was limited to samples where Pu-Am fractionation was insignificant. If any, the contribution of the Chernobyl accident in the studied sites is negligible.

Archives curieuses de l'histoire de France.... 1re série. Tome 4e

Comprend : Lettres du roy et de la reine-mère au parlement de Paris, au sujet du tumulte arrivé à la porte Sainct-Anthoine de cette Ville, et arrests donnez par cette cour par rapport à ce tumulte et à celui arrivé à Sainct-Médard ; Arret du parlement de Paris, portant qu'il sera fait une procession générale pour l'expiation des sacrilèges commis par les Huguenots dans l'église de Sainct-Médard ; Discours faits dans le parlement de Paris par le duc de Guise et le connétable de Montmorency, sur l'enregistrement de la déclaration du 11 d'avril 1562, sur le tumulte de Vassy, et sur ce qui est arrivé depuis ; Lettre de Catherine de Médicis au cardinal de Chastillon ; Lettre du seigneur baron des Adretz à la Roine-Mère, touchant la mort de La Motte-Gondrin ; Discours des premiers troubles advenus à Lyon, avec l'Apologie pour la ville de Lyon, contre le libelle faucement intitulé : "La Juste et saincte défence de la ville de Lyon", par M. Gabriel de Saconay,... ; Discours sur le saccagement des églises catholiques, par les hérétiques anciens et nouveaux calvinistes, en l'an 1562... par F. Claude de Sainctes,... ; Discours des guerres de la comté de Venayscin et de la Provence, ensemble quelques incidentz... / par le seigneur Loys de Perussiis,...

Impact of open-ocean convection on particle fluxes and sediment dynamics in the deep margin of the Gulf of Lions.

Abstract. The deep outer margin of the Gulf of Lions and the adjacent basin, in the western Mediterranean Sea, are regularly impacted by open-ocean convection, a major hydrodynamic event responsible for the ventilation of the deep water in the western Mediterranean Basin. However, the impact of open-ocean convection on the flux and transport of particulate matter remains poorly understood. The variability of water mass properties (i.e., temperature and salinity), currents, and particle fluxes were monitored between September 2007 and April 2009 at five instrumented mooring lines deployed between 2050 and 2350-m depth in the deepest continental margin and adjacent basin. Four of the lines followed a NW-SE transect, while the fifth one was located on a sediment wave field to the west. The results of the main, central line SC2350 ("LION") located at 42 02.50 N, 4 410 E, at 2350-m depth, show that open-ocean convection reached midwater depth ( 1000-m depth) during winter 2007-2008, and reached the seabed ( 2350-m depth) during winter 2008-2009. Horizontal currents were unusually strong with speeds up to 39 cm s−1 during winter 2008-2009. The measurements at all 5 different locations indicate that mid-depth and near-bottom currents and particle fluxes gave relatively consistent values of similar magnitude across the study area except during winter 2008-2009, when near-bottom fluxes abruptly increased by one to two orders of magnitude. Particulate organic carbon contents, which generally vary between 3 and 5 %, were abnormally low ( 1 %) during winter 2008-2009 and approached those observed in surface sediments (0.6 %). Turbidity profiles made in the region demonstrated the existence of a bottom nepheloid layer, several hundred meters thick, and related to the resuspension of bottom sediments. These observations support the view that open-ocean deep convection events in the Gulf of Lions can cause significant remobilization of sediments in the deep outer margin and the basin, with a subsequent alteration of the seabed likely impacting the functioning of the deep-sea ecosystem.

Les Sentències catòliques del diví poeta Dant (1545) d’en Jaume Ferrer de Blanes: edició crítica del text

Procurador reial i nobiliari, cosmògraf, joier, lapidari, mercader i escriptor, i al capdavall, un ciutadà català honrat, en Ferrer (Vidreres, ~1445 – Blanes, 1529) va marxar de ben jove, primer, a la cort de Nàpols, al servei del rei en Ferran I, i després a la cort de Sicília, al servei de la reina na Joana de Sicília. Acabada aquesta peripècia italiana va tornar a Blanes al servei del vescomte de Cabrera i de Bas fins que va morir a la mateixa vila al 1529. Un seu criat, disset anys més tard, va editar uns papers esparsos que havia trobat a can Ferrer, les (sic) Sentèncias cathòlicas del diví poeta Dant florentí, compilades per lo prudentíssim mossèn Jaume Ferrer de Blanes, incloent-hi tres parts. La primera, Conclusions, és un sumari destinat a mostrar (sic) «Entre totas las cosas necessàries a l’home per aconseguir lo seu fi y beatitut eterna principalment són tres»; la segona, Meditació, és una reflexió a fi d’il•luminar els misteris sobre la passió i mort de Jesucrist a (sic) «lo santíssim loch de Calvari»; la tercera, Letras, és un conjunt de dotze documents, entre cartes i d’altres textos, «fetas a mossèn Jaume Ferrer, respostes e regles per ell ordenades en cosmographia y en art de navegar». En Ferrer, home de grans recursos, fa un recorregut per tots els coneixements que havia acumulat al llarg de la seva vida, de Dant Alighieri a Ptolemeu i del marquès de Santillana a Albert Gran o a Aristòtil, fent servir fragments de la Commedia, dels Proverbios, de la Bíblia i de moltes altres autoritats científiques i filosòfiques, en català, italià, espanyol, llatí i, també, set mots en arameu

Homogenization Dynamics and Introduction Routes of Invasive Freshwater Fish in the Iberian Peninsula

Nonnative invasive species are one of the main global threats to biodiversity. The understanding of the traits characterizing successful invaders and invasion-prone ecosystems is increasing, but our predictive ability is still limited. Quantitative information on biotic homogenization and particularly its temporal dynamics is even scarcer. We used freshwater fish distribution data in the Iberian Peninsula in four periods (before human intervention, 1991, 1995, and 2001) to assess the temporal dynamics of biotic homogenization among river basins. The percentage of introduced species among fish faunas has increased in recent times (from 41.8% in 1991 to 52.5% in 2001), leading to a clear increase in the similarity of community composition among basins. The mean Jaccard's index increase (a measure of biotic homogenization) from the pristine situation to the present (17.1%) was similar to that for Californian fish but higher than for other studies. However, biotic homogenization was found to be a temporally dynamic process, with finer temporal grain analyses detecting transient stages of biotic differentiation. Introduced species assemblages were spatially structured along a latitudinal gradient in the Iberian Peninsula, with species related to sport fishing being characteristic of northern basins. Although the comparison of fish distributions in the Iberian Peninsula and France showed significant and generalized biotic homogenization, nonnative assemblages of northeastern Iberian basins were more similar to those of France than to those of the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, indicating a main introduction route. Species introduced to the Iberian Peninsula tended to be mainly piscivores or widely introduced species that previously had been introduced to France. Our results indicate that the simultaneous analysis of the spatial distribution of introduced assemblages (excluding native species that reflect other biogeographical patterns) and their specific traits can be an effective tool to detect introduction and invasion routes and to predict future invaders from donor regions

Conversioni al cattolicesimo a Roma tra Sei e Settecento. La presenza degli scandinavi nell’Ospizio dei Convertendi.

In my PhD dissertation, I have examined a group of people of Scandinavian origin received by Ospizio dei Convertendi. This group has been hitherto largely unknown to historical research. The Ospizio was an institute founded by the Oratorian Congregation in Rome in 1673 to provide religious instruction and material aid to both recent and aspirant converts to Roman Catholicism. My research traces the profile of converts and a typology of motives, examining different factors which influenced the conversion process. I show that the key factors were often of a social rather than a religious nature. Moreover, I have analyzed the hospice in the context of Counter-Reformation charity as well. In terms of numbers, the Scandinavians formed a somewhat marginal yet not insignificant group within the Roman hospice. Out of a total of 2203 guests received between 1673 and 1706, 4.6 % were Scandinavians: 74 Swedes (including Finland and Livonia) and 27 Danes (including Norway). They came from a rigorously Protestant region which reacted to Catholicism with severe legislative measures. Converts to Catholicism risked confiscation of their goods, expulsion or even capital punishment. Since both Sweden and Denmark were practically impenetrable to Catholicism at the time and clandestine missionary attempts often failed before they had even properly started, the Roman Catholic Church shifted its interest towards Northerners arriving in Rome, a preferred destination for young noblemen, artists and migrant craftsmen. The material related to Ospizio dei Convertendi, conserved in the Vatican archives, is a scarcely known yet unusually rich source, not only for the religious history of our continent, but also for social history and the study of migration in early modern Europe. It contains a wealth of information about members of the subordinate classes, of their travels and lives in Europe. The profile delineated in these documents is of individuals who had a wide range of different professions and different aspirations. These documents encompass a vast social spectrum that was highly mobile on a continent which by that time had become pluriconfessional. Therefore, these migrants faced the complex religious reality in their everyday life. The principal corpus of my research consists of two types of manuscript sources created for administrative and in a way also for apologetic purposes of the Roman Catholic Church. My starting point is the Primo registro generale of Ospizio dei Convertendi. This is a volume in which the following information about each guest was registered: name, nationality, city of origin, age, sex, profession, confession professed before converting, date of arrival, departure, abjuration and baptism. Typically, the convert was male, originating from Stockholm or Copenhagen, from 21 to 30 years of age. The biggest occupational groups in descending order were soldiers, noblemen, craftsmen and sailors. Thus the data reflects a multiform reality of interurban and long distance migration, ideals regarding the education of young noblemen and gentry as well as the need of European armies to hire foreign mercenaries in their various campaigns. Against this background the almost total absence of women is hardly surprising: there is only one woman in the material I have studied. The second main source, Nota degl’ospiti ricevuti e spese fatte per essi, sheds more light on the choices of the converts, their motivations and their lives outside Scandinavia before reaching Rome. This narrative material permits an analysis which completes but also goes far beyond the columns of the Institute’s general register. This material consists of reports written by Catholic priests based on an interview conducted upon each guest’s arrival. The material frequently includes information on what the converts would do following their departure from the Institute as well. These sources have a specific narrative form and contain short biographies, list reasons for converting and information about the journey from the North to the Mediterranean - a journey which in many cases took several years. Moreover, they show that certain unorthodox practices such as calling on the saints and pleading for help from them were not uncommon in the Protestant popular religion. The recording of information on conversions from Protestantism to Catholicism reflects both religious and social interest on the part of the receiving institute. The information obtained was used for the purposes of religious teaching, for finding adequate ways of inserting the convert into Italian society so that he could earn a living, and to find effective methods to convert others with a similar cultural and geographical background. The stories recorded were based on interviews with the newly-arrived, information obtained from a travel companion or fellow countrymen, or from written documents the aspirant converts carried with them. These sources illustrate, although sometimes in rather simplified ways, the circumstances and motivations which were relevant to the choice of changing one’s confession. In addition, I have examined petitions addressed to the hospice and other Roman authorities in order to get financial aid. These petitions were written by Italian scrittori, and they contain certain conventions and topoi of presenting the conversion with the purpose of improving the chances of obtaining financial aid. It is through these filters, which may seem initially almost invisible, that the remote voice of the converts reaches us. The results of the analysis are particularly interesting because they disagree with some of the principal conclusions of previous work on the subject. First, earlier research has focused almost exclusively on the conversions of noblemen, and has argued, second, that the Queen Christina of Sweden was the driving force behind their change of confession. The sources examined for this dissertation present a profile of long-distance migrants, many of them members of the subordinate classes, who were looking for ways to make their living in Europe. These people had in many cases left their country of origin several years earlier and not for religious reasons, so, crucially, we are not dealing with confessional migration in these cases. Rather, conversion was a complex process, intricately tied up with strategies of survival, integration and upward social mobility. At the same time, while these components are significant on their own right, they do not necessarily point to the absence of motivations of a more clearly religious nature.

Portraits de femmes : publication artistique bimensuelle / [texte signé : Émile Henriot]

1912/10 (N48,Catherine de Médicis).

Recueil de traités de paix, et autres pièces diplomatiques et historiques. (1510-1632).

Contient : « Traictez de confédération et alliance de Henry-le-Grand et de Louys XIII, rois de France, avec les Estats des Provinces-Unies des Pays-Bas », 1596-1630 ; « Traicté de trefves de Philippes III, roy d'Espagne, avec lesdicts Estats », 1609 ; «Traictez de confédération et alliance desdicts Estats avec les électeurs Palatins et de Brandebourg et autres princes d'Alemagne, la ville de Lubec et plusieurs autres villes Anséatiques, et avec les rois de Suède, de la Grande-Bretagne et de Danemarc »,1613-1625 ; « Description sommaire de la Suisse » ; « Réception de la part du pape Jules II des députez des cantons de Suisse, 1510 et 1512 » ; « Des usurpations de plusieurs seigneuries sur l'Empire, en Italie, Alemagne et ès Pays-Bas, faictes depuis cent ans par les empereurs et rois d'Espagne de la maison d'Austriche » [Milan, Sienne, etc.] ; « De l'aliénation des seigneuries et places de Pinerol et de La Perouse, faicte au Roy par le duc de Savoye », 1632 ; « Des droicts du roy François I au comté de Baugey [Bugey] et en la seigneurie de Bresse » ; Pièces concernant la maison de Longueville ; « Traictez de paix ou de confédération et alliance de François I, Henry II, Charles IX, Henry III, Henry-le-Grand et Louis XIII..., avec les treize cantons et républicques de Suisse, l'abbé et la ville de Sainct-Gal, les seigneuries et pays des Grisons et de Valais, et autres leurs alliez », 1516-1614 ; « Autres traictez, pour la restitution de la Valteline », 1621-1630 (f. 214). — Carte gravée de la Suisse, 1625 (f. 63) ; Tables partielles des pièces contenues dans ce volume

Procès-verbaux ou relations de négociations diplomatiques. (1555 et 1633).

Contient : « Procez-verbal de la conférence tenue à Marc, près Ardres, entre les députez du roy Henry II et de l'empereur Charles V..., pour terminer les différens d'entre lesdicts princes, pour raison de plusieurs terres et seigneuries, et particulièrement pour les duchez de Milan, Bourgongne et Savoye, rédigé par escrit par monsieur Jean DE MORVILLIER, évesque d'Orléans, l'un desdicts députez, depuis le 5e may 1555 jusques au 7 juin audict an. » [Cf. Lelong, Bibliothèque historique de la France, t. III, n° 30032.] ; « Relation du voyage que [Manassès de Pas, marquis] de Feuquières, a faict en Allemagne, et l'estat auquel les affaires généralles s'y trouvoient lorsqu'il en est party, pour revenir trouver Sa Majesté à Nancy », 1633 ; dans cette relation sont insérées un certain nombre de lettres du marquis de Feuquières et autres pièces diplomatiques

Tables alphabétiques des matières contenues dans différents traités de paix ; pièces historiques diverses. (1270-1598).

Contient : « Table [alphabétique] des [matières contenues dans les] traictez de paix ou de confédération et alliance entre Charles VII, Louis XI, Charles VIII, Louis XII et François premier, roys de France, d'une part, et Philippes-le-Bon et Charles[-le-Téméraire], ducs de Bourgongne, l'empereur Maximilian I, Philippes I, roys de Castille, et Charles, roy d'Espagne, qui fut cinquiesme du nom, empereur, d'autre, depuis l'an 1435 jusques en l'an 1517 ; comme aussy des traictez entre les roys sainct Louis et Charles 5 et desdicts roys Charles VIII et Louis XII, d'une part, et Jacques I, roy d'Arragon, Henry II, roy de Castille, et Ferdinand et Isabelle, roys d'Espagne, d'autre, depuis l'an 1258 jusques en l'an 1513 » [cf. ms. français 17887, f. 49] ; Pièces relatives au château de La Motte en Lorraine, 1272-1514 ; « Table généalogique des roys de France, comtes de Champagne, descendus de Henri I, roy de Navarre, l'an 1270 » ; « Table [alphabétique] des [matières contenues dans les] traictez de paix, confédération et alliance entre l'empereur Charles cinq et Philippes 2, roys d'Espagne, d'une part, et François premier, Henry 2 et Henry quatre, d'autre, depuis l'an 1514 jusques à 1598 » [cf. mss français 17887, f. 1, et 17908, f. 112], par Denys GODEFROY [cf. Lelong, Bibliothèque historique de la France, t. III, n° 29225]