The Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES): psychometric properties of a new tool for epidemiological studies among waged and salaried workers

Background: Despite the fact that labour market flexibility has resulted in an expansion of precarious employment in industrialized countries, to date there is limited empirical evidence about its health consequences. The Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) is a newly developed, theory-based, multidimensional questionnaire specifically devised for epidemiological studies among waged and salaried workers. Objective: To assess acceptability, reliability and construct validity of EPRES in a sample of waged and salaried workers in Spain. Methods: Cross-sectional study, using a sub-sample of 6.968 temporary and permanent workers from a population-based survey carried out in 2004-2005. The survey questionnaire was interviewer administered and included the six EPRES subscales, measures of the psychosocial work environment (COPSOQ ISTAS21), and perceived general and mental health (SF-36). Results: A high response rate to all EPRES items indicated good acceptability; Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, over 0.70 for all subscales and the global score, demonstrated good internal consistency reliability; exploratory factor analysis using principal axis analysis and varimax rotation confirmed the six-subscale structure and the theoretical allocation of all items. Patterns across known groups and correlation coefficients with psychosocial work environment measures and perceived health demonstrated the expected relations, providing evidence of construct validity. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence in support of the psychometric properties of EPRES, which appears to be a promising tool for the measurement of employment precariousness in public health research.

Design and evaluation of a panel os single-nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA genomic regions for association studies in human disease

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are recognized posttranscriptional gene repressors involved in the control of almost every biological process. Allelic variants in these regions may be an important source of phenotypic diversity and contribute to disease susceptibility. We analyzed the genomic organization of 325 human miRNAs (release 7.1, miRBase) to construct a panel of 768 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering approximately 1 Mb of genomic DNA, including 131 isolated miRNAs (40%) and 194 miRNAs arranged in 48 miRNA clusters, as well as their 5-kb flanking regions. Of these miRNAs, 37% were inside known protein-coding genes, which were significantly associated with biological functions regarding neurological, psychological or nutritional disorders. SNP coverage analysis revealed a lower SNP density in miRNAs compared with the average of the genome, with only 24 SNPs located in the 325 miRNAs studied. Further genotyping of 340 unrelated Spanish individuals showed that more than half of the SNPs in miRNAs were either rare or monomorphic, in agreement with the reported selective constraint on human miRNAs. A comparison of the minor allele frequencies between Spanish and HapMap population samples confirmed the applicability of this SNP panel to the study of complex disorders among the Spanish population, and revealed two miRNA regions, hsa-mir-26a-2 in the CTDSP2 gene and hsa-mir-128-1 in the R3HDM1 gene, showing geographical allelic frequency variation among the four HapMap populations, probably because of differences in natural selection. The designed miRNA SNP panel could help to identify still hidden links between miRNAs and human disease.

Aplicación de buenas prácticas para la mejora de la calidad de los trabajos fin de grado en Ing. en Diseño Industrial

El trabajo presentado en esta comunicación se enmarca en un proyecto financiado por la Secretaría de Estado de Universidades, Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte en su Programa de Estudios y Análisis, mejora de la calidad de la enseñanza superior y de la actividad del profesorado universitario en el Eje de Nuevos avances y determinación del impacto de las misiones universitarias, Modalidad de Trabajos de análisis, lideradopor la Universitat Pompeu Fabra y en el que participan docentes de las universidades de Valladolid, Cádiz, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Sevilla, Autónoma de Barcelona, Carlos III de Madrid y Universidat Oberta de Catalunya.En el proyecto se ha realizado un trabajo de análisis de las prácticas programadas en las distintas universidades para velar por la calidad de los trabajos fin de grado, actualmente proyectos fin carrera. Se han recopilado diferentes procedimientos de evaluación llevados a cabo en diferentes Universidades que van desde plantillas de verificación para los tribunales de los proyectos a guías de procedimiento completas que verifican elestablecimiento y cumplimiento de hitos intermedios.En esta comunicación se muestra la aplicación de algunas de las prácticas propuestas en el caso real de proyectos fin de carrera en la titulación de Ingeniería Técnica en Diseño Industrial de la Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales. Se pone de manifiesto la utilidad del uso de dichas prácticas frente a enfoques más clásicos o simplistas.

Censura gubernativa, Iglesia e inquisición en el siglo XVIII

Government censorship in Eighteenth Century Spain was another means of the Spanish Enlightenment policy. Until mid-century both powers of Church and State were balanced, from Charles III’s reign on the censorship of the Consejo de Castilla tried to control and restrict not only the traditional power of the Inquisition, but also the intellectual output of the country, either ideological -criticism on the Crown’s policy- or cultural-publishing religious Works. It is important to notice that many members of the elergy collaborated with the State in that task; and also that, after the French Revolution, the Inquisition regained its previous role. In the last decade of the Seventeenth century the irreconcilable clash between the advocates and the critics of the Inquisition became evident

Informe sobre el I Encuentro Británico-Español de Profesores de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, 2000 (Barcelona, 30-31 de març i 1 d'abril de 2000)

Sota el títol de Biblioteconomía y Documentación en la era digital: docencia e investigación, l'Observatori de la Comunicació Científica, la Secció Científica de Biblioteconomia i Documentació del Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials i l'Institut de Lingüística Aplicada (IULA) de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra organitzaren en les dates ja esmentades el I Encuentro Británico-Español de Profesores de Biblioteconomia y Documentación a la seu de la Rambla d'aquesta Universitat. Han col·laborat en aquesta activitat, a més, el Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, el Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, la Llicenciatura en Documentació de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, la Llicenciatura en Documentació de la Universitat de Barcelona, la Llicenciatura en Documentació de laUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya, el Col·legi Oficial de Bibliotecaris-Documentalistes de Catalunya (COBDC) i la School of Information and Media Robert Gordon University. Pel nombre d'institucions implicades i pelseu alt nivell, es constata fàcilment que la trobada naixia amb molt bons auguris.

Automatic filtering and substantiation of drug safety signals

Drug safety issues pose serious health threats to the population and constitute a major cause of mortality worldwide. Due to the prominent implications to both public health and the pharmaceutical industry, it is of great importance to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which an adverse drug reaction can be potentially elicited. These mechanisms can be investigated by placing the pharmaco-epidemiologically detected adverse drug reaction in an information-rich context and by exploiting all currently available biomedical knowledge to substantiate it. We present a computational framework for the biological annotation of potential adverse drug reactions. First, the proposed framework investigates previous evidences on the drug-event association in the context of biomedical literature (signal filtering). Then, it seeks to provide a biological explanation (signal substantiation) by exploring mechanistic connections that might explain why a drug produces a specific adverse reaction. The mechanistic connections include the activity of the drug, related compounds and drug metabolites on protein targets, the association of protein targets to clinical events, and the annotation of proteins (both protein targets and proteins associated with clinical events) to biological pathways. Hence, the workflows for signal filtering and substantiation integrate modules for literature and database mining, in silico drug-target profiling, and analyses based on gene-disease networks and biological pathways. Application examples of these workflows carried out on selected cases of drug safety signals are discussed. The methodology and workflows presented offer a novel approach to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse drug reactions

Gene-disease network analysis reveals functional modules in mendelian, complex and environmental diseases

AbstractBACKGROUND: Scientists have been trying to understand the molecular mechanisms of diseases to design preventive and therapeutic strategies for a long time. For some diseases, it has become evident that it is not enough to obtain a catalogue of the disease-related genes but to uncover how disruptions of molecular networks in the cell give rise to disease phenotypes. Moreover, with the unprecedented wealth of information available, even obtaining such catalogue is extremely difficult.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a comprehensive gene-disease association database by integrating associations from several sources that cover different biomedical aspects of diseases. In particular, we focus on the current knowledge of human genetic diseases including mendelian, complex and environmental diseases. To assess the concept of modularity of human diseases, we performed a systematic study of the emergent properties of human gene-disease networks by means of network topology and functional annotation analysis. The results indicate a highly shared genetic origin of human diseases and show that for most diseases, including mendelian, complex and environmental diseases, functional modules exist. Moreover, a core set of biological pathways is found to be associated with most human diseases. We obtained similar results when studying clusters of diseases, suggesting that related diseases might arise due to dysfunction of common biological processes in the cell.CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we include mendelian, complex and environmental diseases in an integrated gene-disease association database and show that the concept of modularity applies for all of them. We furthermore provide a functional analysis of disease-related modules providing important new biological insights, which might not be discovered when considering each of the gene-disease association repositories independently. Hence, we present a suitable framework for the study of how genetic and environmental factors, such as drugs, contribute to diseases.AVAILABILITY: The gene-disease networks used in this study and part of the analysis are available at http://ibi.imim.es/DisGeNET/DisGeNETweb.html#Download

Distribution of events of positive selection and population differentiation in a metabolic pathway: the case of asparagine N-glycosylation

Asparagine N-Glycosylation is one of the most important forms of protein post-translational modification in eukaryotes. This metabolic pathway can be subdivided into two parts: an upstream sub-pathway required for achieving proper folding for most of the proteins synthesized in the secretory pathway, and a downstream sub-pathway required to give variability to trans-membrane proteins, and involved in adaptation to the environment and innate immunity. Here we analyze the nucleotide variability of the genes of this pathway in human populations, identifying which genes show greater population differentiation and which genes show signatures of recent positive selection. We also compare how these signals are distributed between the upstream and the downstream parts of the pathway, with the aim of exploring how forces of population differentiation and positive selection vary among genes involved in the same metabolic pathway but subject to different functional constraints. Our results show that genes in the downstream part of the pathway are more likely to show a signature of population differentiation, while events of positive selection are equally distributed among the two parts of the pathway. Moreover, events of positive selection are frequent on genes that are known to be at bifurcation points, and that are identified as being in key position by a network-level analysis such as MGAT3 and GCS1. These findings indicate that the upstream part of the Asparagine N-Glycosylation pathway has lower diversity among populations, while the downstream part is freer to tolerate diversity among populations. Moreover, the distribution of signatures of population differentiation and positive selection can change between parts of a pathway, especially between parts that are exposed to different functional constraints. Our results support the hypothesis that genes involved in constitutive processes can be expected to show lower population differentiation, while genes involved in traits related to the environment should show higher variability. Taken together, this work broadens our knowledge on how events of population differentiation and of positive selection are distributed among different parts of a metabolic pathway.

El derecho humano al agua potable y al saneamiento en perspectiva jurídica internacional

El acceso al agua potable y al saneamiento sin discriminación ha sido formalmente elevado a la condición de derecho humano internacionalmente reconocido en la resolución 64/292 de la Asamblea General, de 28 de julio de 2010. El propósito del artículo es dotar de contenido dicha declaración sobre la base de los trabajos del comité DESC y de la relatora especial de la ONU sobre el derecho al agua potable y al saneamiento, haciendo una especial referencia a la situación específica del continente europeo. Se desprenden de la investigación unos contenidos mínimos del derecho al agua y al saneamiento que los estados deben respetar en toda circunstancia.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre de « l'advoyé et conseil de la ville de Berne... au roy tres cristien [François Ier]... Datum VIIa junii, anno etc. XXVI° » ; 2 Lettre du roi d'Angleterre « HENRY [VIII]... à... nostre... tres amé frere... le roy Françoys [Ier] de France... Escripte à nostre manoir de Grenewiche, le IIIIme jour de january, l'an mil V.C.XXVI » ; 3 Lettre du roi d'Angleterre « HENRY [VIII]... à nostre tres cher et grand amy, le grand maistre de France... Donné à nostre chasteau de Wyndesore, le XXXe jour de may, l'an XV.C.XXIX » ; 4 Lettre de « Dom JOHAM [III]... rey de Portugual... ao muito homrado et manifiquo Memoransy, gram mestre del rey de Framça... Esprita em Lixboa, a vinte e tres dias de jungo de 1530 » ; 5 Lettre latine des « universe Helvetiorum lige Alemanie superioris oratores in Lucerna congregati... serenissimo domino duci et excellentissimis dominis senatoribus reipublice Venetorum... Datum in universali dieta Lucerne, celebrata die primo februarii, anno M.V.C.XXIIII » ; 6 Lettre de « l'advoyé et conseil de la ville de Berne... à monseigneur... le mareschal de Montmarancy,... Donné ce VIII de mars, anno etc. XXVI° » ; 7 Lettre de « CHARLES DE BOURBON [duc DE VENDOME]... à mon cousin monseigneur le grant maistre... De La Fere, le XIIIme de novembre » ; 8 Lettre de « PHILIPPES,... duc DE NEMOUX,... à monseigneur le grand maestre mon nepveu... De Blandy, ce XXIIe de juing » ; 9 Lettre de « P. DE VILLERS L'YLE ADAM,... à monseigneur... le mareschal de Montmorency,... De Viterbe, le IIII d'octobre » ; 10 Lettre de « CLAUDE [DE LORRAINE, duc DE GUISE]... à monseigneur le grant maistre... Escript à Esclaron, le XXVIII° jour d'apvril » ; 11 Lettre de P. DE VILLERS L'YLE ADAM,... maistre de Rhoddes... à monseigneur le grand maistre... De Corneto, le dernier de jung » ; 12 Lettre du maréchal DE « CHABANNES,... à monseigneur le mareschal de Montmorency,... A La Palisse, ce XXVe jour de novembre » ; 13 « Coppie des lettres de l'Empereur au pape, touchant la convocation du concile » ; 14 Requête du « duc DE LONGUEVILLE,... au roy » ; 15 « Estat de compaignies de gens d'ordonnance desquelles le roy nostre sire a ordonné estre faict monstre et paiement pour deux quartiers le XXme du mois d'aoust » ; 16 Lettre de « P. CLERMONT, P[IERRE FILLEUL], arcevesque d'Aix, GUYON DE CLERMONT, DE PONCHIER, TESTU, FILZET, R. DEMAZIS », députés des états du Languedoc, « à monseigneur... le grant maistre, gouverneur et lieutenant general du roy en Languedoc » ; 17 Lettre de « JEHAN DE LEVIS,... à monseigneur... le grand maistre... Escript à Carcassonne, le Xme jour de decembre » ; 18 Lettre de « D'HUMIERES, SAINT ANDRÉ, RENÉ DE COSSÉ,... à monseigneur... le grant maistre... De Moussay, ce dimanche matin » ; 19 « Responce faicte par madame l'archiduchesse, le VIIIe jour de mars... à... l'ambassadeur du roy tres chrestien » ; 20 Lettre de « PERRENOT,... à messrs de Lanette et Des Nouvelles,... De Valladolid, le XXVe de mars 1537 » ; 21 Lettre du parlement de Toulouse, signée : « DE BORRASSOT,... Au roy... Escript à Thoulouse... le XVIme jour de juillet » ; 22 Lettre du parlement de Toulouse, signée : « DE BORRASSOT,... à monseigneur... de Montmorency, grant maistre de France, gouverneur et lieutenant general du roy en Languedoc... Escript à Thoulouse... le VIIe jour de mars » ; 23 Lettre du parlement de Toulouse, signée : « DE BORRASSOT,... à monseigneur... le grant maistre de France... Escript à Thoulouse... le VIIe jour de septembre » ; 24 Lettre de « l'advoyé et conseill de la ville de Frybourg » au roi François Ier. « Datum XXVIIa jullii, anno etc. XXX° » ; 25 Sauf-conduit délivré par « Paulus,... episcopus Curiensis... domino de Rochapet,... Datum in civitate Curiensi, nona die mensis jullii, anno etc. vicesimo secundo » ; 26 Lettre de « l'advoyé et conseill de la ville de Frybourg... à monseigneur... le grand maistre... Datum XXVIIa septembris, anno etc. XXX° » ; 27 Lettre de « l'advoyé, petit et grant conseil de la ville de Frybourg... à monseigneur... le grand maistre de France... Cest le XVIIIe de febvrier, anno etc. XXVII° » ; 28 Lettre latine des « magne lige Alamanie superioris oratores... domino de Momoransi et Rosciapot, mareschallo Francie... Ex urbe Bernensi... octava die augusti, anno etc. XXIII° » ; 29 Lettre des « orateurs des ligues, au lieu de Nostre-Dame des Hermites assemblez... à... monseigneur le grand maistre... Escript à Lucerne... l'an mil V.C. et XXVIII, le VIIIe jour d'aoust » ; 30 Lettre de « l'advoyé et conseyl de la ville de Frybourg... à... monseigneur le grandt maystre... Datum XXVIIa septembris, anno etc. XXX° » ; 31 Lettre, en latin, de « MATHIAS GARUNCKS, minister seu judex generalis lige grise... domino marxiallo de Franzia, domino de Memoranzy,... Datum ex Jantho in liga grisa, die octava mensis februarii, anno 1524 » ; 32 « Ordonnance » du roi FRANÇOIS II « pour la publication de la monstre en robbe de la gendarmerye pour le quartier de juillet, aoust et septembre 1559 » ; 33 Lettre de « MONTEJEHAN,... à monseigneur... le grant maistre... Escript au camp prez Turin, ce Xme jour de may » ; 34 Lettre de M. D'«HUMYERES,... à ma fille, madame de La Rochepot,... De Parnay, ce vendredy XXVIme jour de septembre » ; 35 Compte des espèces fournies « par le general de Normandie... es mains de... Le Coincte et Guilhen,... ce jourduy dernier jour... de may... à Bayonne » ; 36 Lettre de « SUPERSAX,... à monseigneur... le grant maistre de France... C'est à Sion, le jour Sanct Thomas l'apostre » ; 37 Lettre, en italien, de « JOANNI ANTONIO URSINO,... allo illustrissimo... gran maestro di Francia... Ex castro nostro Insule, 9 junii 1535 » ; 38 Lettre, en italien, de « GREGORIO CASALE,... allo illustrissimo... gran maestro di Franza... Di Bologna, alli II di novembre M.D.XXVIII » ; 39 Lettre, en italien, de « LEONARD PIUMBO,... a lo illustrissimo... monsignore lo gran mastro... De Casale, XX octobre 1530 » ; 40 Lettre, en italien, de « GUILLEAUME DUBELLAY et JOACHIN DE VAULX,... al illustrissimo... gran maestro de Francia... Da Londra, XVIII septembre M.D.XXX » ; 41 Lettre, en italien, de « GREGORIO CASALE,... allo illustrissimo... mons. lo gran mastro di Francia... Di Bologna, alli XIII di decembre M.D.XXIX » ; 42 Lettre, en italien, de « GREGORIO CASALE,... allo illustrissimo... mons. lo gran mastro di Francia... In Bologna, alli XXIII di dicembre M.D.XXIX » ; 43 Lettre, en italien, de « GREGORIO CASALE,... al illustrissimo... gran maestro di Franza... Di Bologna, alli XXIII di ottobre M.D.XVIII » ; 44 Lettre, en italien, de « JOHANNES, episcopus Staphileus... all' illustrissimo... mons. il gran maestro de Franza... De Viterbo, alli 2 de juglio 1528 » ; 45 « Advis de Florence... a di 30 di marzo 1530... Copia » ; 46 Lettre, en italien, de « GREGORIO CASALE,... allo illustrissimo... gran mastro... D'Orviecto, alli XXIII di maggio M.D.XXVIII ». Suivie de la « copia di lettera di un secretario del duca di Ferrara al conte Roberto Buschera, ambassadore del duca appresso N. S., alli XVIII di maggio » ; 47 Lettre de « GALEATIO VESCONTE,... al signore gran maestro... In Parixe, a li 5 de mazo 1528 »

Historia del reinado de los reyes católicos D. Fernando y Da.Isabel

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Nueva Luz y juicio verdadero sobre Felipe II

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Antonio Pérez y Felipe segundo

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Más luz de verdad histórica sobre Felipe II el prudente y su reinado, con documentos inéditos y descripción novísima del Escorial

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Historia de Felipe Segundo

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