Efeito do armazenamento da calda na efic��cia de herbicidas aplicados em: I. p��s-emerg��ncia

Diferentes tipos de pulverizadores s��o utilizados para a aplica����o de herbicidas sendo que, em pequenas propriedades, �� comum, por quest��es econ��micas, a adapta����o de barras ou pistolas manuais a tanques de grande capacidade. Por outro lado, em grandes propriedades, �� crescente a tend��ncia da substitui����o do sistema tradicional de reabastecimento dos pulverizadores pelo sistema de calda pronta. em ambos os casos, pode haver a necessidade de um armazenamento prolongado nos tanques ou no ve��culo reabastecedor, principalmente na ocorr��ncia de per��odos prolongados de chuva. Torna-se, portanto, importante a determina����o de per��odos de tempo pelos quais as caldas de herbicidas possam ser armazenadas, sem que haja preju��zo �� efic��cia dos mesmos. O presente trabalho estudou os efeitos do tempo de armazenamento da calda sobre a efic��cia de herbicidas aplicados em p��s-emerg��ncia. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com tr��s repeti����es, no ano agr��cola de 91/92, em ��rea da Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Ci��ncias Agr��rias e Veterin��rias da UNESP, munic��pio de Jaboticabal, Estado de S��o Paulo, Brasil. Avaliou-se as formula����es comerciais de glyphosate, mistura pronta de glyphosate + 2,4?D, MSMA e paraquat com 00, 05, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias de armazenamento da calda, al��m de uma testemunha, onde n��o se efetuou a aplica����o de herbicidas. Foram realizadas avalia����es visuais de controle, geral e por esp��cie, aos 15, 31 e 46 dias ap��s a aplica����o e os resultados obtidos mostram que nenhum dos per��odos de armazenamento testados interferiu significativamente na efici��ncia dos herbicidas (teste de F a 5%), independente do produto utilizado e da ��poca de avalia����o. Portanto, conclui-se que as caldas dos herbicidas testados puderam ser utilizadas normalmente, quando armazenadas por at�� 30 dias.

Estimativa da ��rea foliar e capacidade de reten����o de calda fitossanit��ria em cafeeiro

This work aimed to study the influence of the coffee tree leave's sizes, cv. Mundo Novo, on the evaluation of the leaf area and its spray retention capacity. Leaf mirroring on paper, leaf digitalization and imagine analyzes (QUANT) and rectangle circumscribed to the leaf methods were compared with LiCor area meter, model 3000. The spray retention capacity was evaluated with and without adjuvant addition at 0.1 and 0.2%. There weren't influence of the leave's size on the leaf area determination's methods. The leaves spray retention capacity was altered in function of the leaf size and of the adjuvant presence or not. The bigger spray retention capacity was observed at 7.7, 13.8 and 32 cm(2) leaves area. The spray without adjuvant exhibited biggest spray retention, with 77.1 mL m(-2). The spray additions of the 0.1 and 0.2% of adjuvant reduced in 64.8 and 67.3%, respectively, the spray retention capacity.

Efeito de fungicidas c��pricos, aplicados isoladamente ou em combinação com mancozeb, na express��o de sintomas de fitotoxicidade e controle da ferrugem causada por Puccinia psidii em goiabeira

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em pomares de goiabeira 'Paluma', nos munic��pios de Monte Alto e Vista Alegre do Alto-SP. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se o efeito de formula����es de fungicidas c��pricos, aplicados isoladamente e em mistura com mancozeb, quanto ao efeito fitot��xico em bot��es florais e em frutos de goiabeira, em tr��s est��dios de desenvolvimento. No segundo experimento, foram avaliados os mesmos fungicidas usados no primeiro experimento, sendo, por��m, acrescido do tratamento constitu��do por tebuconazole, cujo alvo foi sua efici��ncia no controle da ferrugem. No primeiro experimento, verificou-se que nenhum dos fungicidas testados causou abortamento de flores ou outros tipos de sintomas de fitotoxicidade em frutos de tamanho inferior a 15 mm de di��metro. Contrariamente, estes fungicidas, quando aplicados isoladamente, em frutos entre 25 a 35 mm de di��metro, causaram sintomas severos de fitotoxicidade. em frutos de tamanho superior a 40 mm de di��metro, estes fungicidas causaram sintomas de fitotoxicidade de n��veis leves a moderados. A combinação de fungicidas c��pricos com mancozeb causou sintomas de fitotoxicidade em n��veis leves, enquanto com mancozeb isoladamente n��o foram verificados sintomas de fitotoxicidade. No segundo experimento, verificou-se que os fungicidas c��pricos, aplicados isoladamente, foram eficientes no controle da ferrugem da goiabeira, apresentando efici��ncia compar��vel ao tratamento-padr��o representado por tebuconazole. Esta efici��ncia foi tamb��m observada mediante o emprego da combinação mancozeb e ��xido cuproso ou hidr��xido de cobre.

Influ��ncia de tricomas do algodoeiro sobre os aspectos biol��gicos e capacidade predat��ria de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) alimentada com Aphis gossypii Glover

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de cultivares de algodoeiro sobre a biologia e capacidade predat��ria de Orius Insidiosus (say, 1832) (hemiptera: anthocoridae) predando Aphis Gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The objective of this research was to determine the survival, reproduction and predaceous capacity of Orius insidiosus on cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. Cotton plants of Antares, CNPA7H and Acala 90 cultivars (respectively, without tricome, medium tricome density and high tricome density) were individualized and infested with 15 third/fourth instar nymphs of A. gossypii, and then first-instar nymphs of O. insidiosus were released on the plants. The evaluations were made daily, quantifying survival and nymphal development; the number of cotton aphids A. gossypii per day and total; the number of eggs and the population of the predator (number of insects by female); and the conversion efficiency of A. gossypii predaceous. The nymphal development did not differ according to the cotton cultivars. The Antares cultivar favored a higher daily predation rate for the 1st, 2nd and 4th instars and adults of O. insidiosus. The number of eggs and nymphs was smaller when O. insidiosus females were confined on the Acala 90 cultivar. According to the predation rate of O. insidiosus, the efficiency of alimentary conversion was determined for the Antares, CNPA7H and Acala 90 cultivars, being respectively, 4.28, 3.00 and 2.75 cotton aphid predation for each egg of the predator.

Ocorr��ncia de Bacillus cereus em leite integral e capacidade enterotoxig��nica das cepas isoladas

Pesquisaram-se a presen��a de Bacillus cereus e a produ����o de enterotoxinas produzidas por esses microrganismos em 120 amostras de diversos tipos de leite. Bacillus cereus foi isolado e identificado em 22 (73,3%), 15 (50,0%), 29 (96,7%) e quatro (13,3%) amostras de leite em p��, cru, pasteurizado e UAT (longa vida), respectivamente. Para a detec����o de enterotoxinas pela t��cnica da al��a ligada de coelho, foram positivos, respectivamente, tr��s (13,6%), um (7,1%) e 10 (35,7%) microrganismos isolados das amostras de leite em p��, leite cru e leite pasteurizado. Pelo teste de aumento de permeabilidade vascular, dois (9,1%), um (7,1%), um (3,6%) e um (4,0%) microrganismos isolados de leite em p��, cru, pasteurizado e UAT apresentaram-se enterotoxig��nicos, respectivamente. O uso da t��cnica de aglutina����o passiva em l��tex demonstrou a produ����o da toxina diarr��ica por tr��s (33,3%), sete (63,6%), quatro (30,8%) e oito (80,0%) microrganismos isolados, respectivamente, de leite em p��, cru, pasteurizado e UAT. Os resultados indicam um risco potencial, podendo colocar em risco a sa��de dos consumidores desses produtos.

Campo educacional e representa����o social da forma����o docente :o olhar dos agentes

Teaching formation has been the target of many changes, having been forged according to numerous formats and models through different times and spaces, composing thus, different codes and curricular proposals for different levels of qualification. We've tried in this work to pinpoint the main discussions which take place in the area of the teaching formation, based in the views of modern writers. We ve also tried, through the Social Representations Theory, to reveal and learn how the agents directly involved in this process realize and react, that is, the teachers who cope with the beginning stages of the Fundamental Teaching in the public school system in Natal/RN, taking into account that, in many cases, such formation demands the rethinking of the very formation policies. We've also adopted the concepts of field and educational field introduced by the praxiology of Pierre Bourdieu. It s been considered a fundamental theoretical reference which enables the understanding of social phenomena, both in macro and micro viewpoints. Thus, we do not neglect the whole, and particularly, the nuances of each context or specific situation. In the methodological track we ve used for data gathering the Free Word Association Test, and the Semi-Structured Interview, and also secondary sources for the characterization of the research spectre. Data treatment and analysis were performed with the help of the following software: SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences and EVOC; and the method of Content Category Analysis. The combination of the concepts and techniques mentioned above was necessary to cope with the qualitative and quantitative aspects, in our attempt to offer a wider range of contributions and outcome validations, which have shown, among other less explicit elements, the existence of a social representation of the teaching formation such as: knowledge theoretical and practical; a necessity imposed by the symbolical conflicts of the social field; capacitation and compromisse. We acknowledge the relevance of the thoughts discussed here, though aware that this is just one of the possible approaches to the theme

Avalia����o da capacidade para o trabalho do servidor p��blico: um estudo de caso em uma institui����o federal de ensino superior

The ability to work, considered as resulting from a dynamic process between the individual resources in relation to their work, influenced from various factors such as sociodemographic, lifestyle, aging process and requirements of work. Aiming analyze the ability to work in a population of public servants, the study analyzed 132 public servants volunteers of the infrastructure sector, in a Federal Institution of Higher Education of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast, Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire called the Index of Capacity for Work - ICT. The variable analysis was done by using descriptive statistics of means, standard deviations, median minimum and maximum values of the scores of quantitative variables. The joint analysis of the variables was performed by multiple linear regression. The server had low capacity to work 11 (8.33%), moderate 31 (23.48%), good 54 (40.91), and Great 28 (21.21). Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, education, age started to work, length of service, current capacity and full of disease, showed that best explained the variation of the CTI were age, current capacity and full of disease. The survey showed that 75% of the servers showed ICT below 43, so capacity low, moderate or good and only 25% of respondents had the CTI servers over 43 points, so great capacity for work. According to the recommendations of FIOH - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, for servers that have these scores be implemented whose objective is to restore the ability to work which is low, improving the capacity for moderate work, support the capacity for the good work and maintain the ability to work great. Therefore, we recommend that the ICT is implemented in other units of the IFES survey in the perspective of achieving a real situation of all its servers, enabling the implementation of these measures as necessary to promote recovery and health of its employees.

Qualidade de vida de pessoas com ��lcera venosa: associa����o dos aspectos sociodemogr��ficos, de sa��de, assist��ncia e cl��nicos da les��o

Venous ulcer (VU) is a lower limbs injury resulting from inadequate return of venous blood in feet or legs. Although it is not a deadly disease, it causes chronic wounds, which seriously undermine patients�� quality of life (QOL) and sometimes leads to drastic family, social, economic and psychological changes. In this sense, there are several aspects that may influence the venous ulcers patients�� QOL. The study��s objective aimed on the association of socio-demographic and health, health care and clinical injury on UV patients‟ QOL. Analytical studies, which consider the complexity of factors involved in changes in UV patients‟ QOL has a cross-sectional and quantitative approach. The HUOL Ethics Committee approved this project (n.279/09). The collection of data lasted a period of 3 months in 2010 and it took place at the clinic of Angiology at Hospital Universit��rio Onofre Lopes (HUOL). The data sample consisted of 60 patients treated by UV angiologists in the HUOL Surgical Clinic. The results were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study was based on UV patients that were predominantly female, average age of 61.4 years, that had low education level and low family income, with occupations requiring long periods of standing or sitting, but mostly retired, unemployed or laid off due to the disease and/or due to chronic diseases associated with the UV. The study took also into consideration patients that used inappropriate products, that were improperly treated by a professional caregiver, that lacked of adequate guidance and compression therapy, that performed no lifting of the lower limbs and regular exercise, that the time of injury were greater than or equal to six months, that were missing specific laboratory tests. The study‟s reference were on recurrent lesions, medium to large lesions area, bed of the lesion (injuries) with fibrin and/or necrosis, with amount of exudate with medium to large, odorless and no signs of infection, with tissue loss between 1st and 2nd degree, without collecting swab or biopsy and with pain. In general, QOL of researched individuals were considered low, the maximum score was 69 points, which the areas that were mostly influenced were the total scores of QOL functional capacity (0.021), emotional (0.000) and social functioning (0.080). Of the 60 individuals, 53.3% had scores between 40 and 69 points in SF-36, and they had the best scores in sociodemographic and health variables (ρ = 0.049). In respect to the assistance and injury characteristics, patients who scored between 40 and 69 points in SF-36 had better scores on these characteristics. By combining the socio-demographic variables, health, and handling characteristics of the injury, we observed a significant difference (ρ = 0.032) when linking them with the QOL total scores. When analyzing separately the domains of the SF-36 scores on the quality of life, we find that the areas that showed statistical significance were functional ability (ρ = 0.035), appearance (ρ = 0.019), emotional (ρ = 0.000), and mental health (ρ = 0.050). Among the socio-demographic characteristics studied, gender and marital status contributed more to the reduction of QOL and among the variables of assistance and the injury, orientation, reference and area of UV contributed the most. By analyzing these five variables all together in accordance with the overall score obtained in the quality of life, we found a significant correlation (ρ = 0.002); with 6.23 times more chances of patients have better QOL in the presence of these five positive factors. By conducting the Mann Whitney U test between all the five demographic variables, health, and clinical care, we found that this combination also proved to be significant (ρ = 0.006). Therefore, patients with these five variables positive tend to have a better QOL. Based on these results, we reject the null hypothesis (H0) and accept the alternative hypothesis (H1) proposed in this study because we noted that the QOL of patients with UV is associated with sociodemographic and health, health care and clinical aspects of the injury

Capacidade embriog��nica da cultivar IAS-5 de soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o controle gen��tico da forma����o de embri��es som��ticos da cultivar IAS-5 de soja. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegeta����o, cultivando-se quatro plantas por vaso, sob fotoper��odo de 14 horas e temperatura em torno de 28��C. Efetuaram-se cruzamentos entre os parentais n��o-embriog��nicos (cultivares IAC-6, Paran�� e IAC-15) e embriog��nico (cultivar IAS-5) e retrocruzamentos para obten����o das gera����es F1, F2,RC1P1 e RC1P2. Cotil��dones imaturos, com 4-6 mm de comprimento, derivados dos parentais das gera����es F1, F2, RC1P1 e RC1P2 foram cultivados em placas de Petri contendo meio N10, por um per��odo de 90 dias, em c��mara de crescimento. Os embri��es som��ticos derivados da indu����o foram contados, e os n��meros, usados para obten����o dos par��metros gen��ticos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o car��ter capacidade de produ����o de embri��es som��ticos da cultivar IAS-5 �� de natureza quantitativa e controlado por, aproximadamente, 20 genes.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenot��pica de gen��tipos de cenoura

Avaliaram-se a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade fenot��pica de dez gen��tipos de cenoura, nove de poliniza����o aberta [Alvorada (FELTRIN); Tropical (ISLA); Bras��lia (ISLA); Nova Bras��lia (ISLA); Caranda�� (SVS); Bras��lia (SVS); Brazl��ndia (HORTEC); HT-2000 (HORTEC), e Bras��lia-RL (SAKATA)] e o h��brido AF-845 (SAKATA), em semeaduras, de janeiro e mar��o, em S��o Jos�� do Rio Pardo (SP), janeiro e fevereiro, em Ponta Grossa (PR), e na primeira e ��ltima semana de fevereiro, em S��o Gotardo (MG), e Caranda�� (MG), totalizando oito experimentos (SJRP-JAN; SJRP-MAR; PG-JAN; PG-FEV; SG-FEV'; SG-FEV''; C-FEV', e C-FEV''), que foram implementados em blocos casualizados com quatro repeti����es. Os dados foram submetidos �� an��lise de vari��ncia individual e conjunta, e �� an��lise de adaptabilidade e de estabilidade. Dos oito ambientes testados, apenas C-FEV'', PG-JAN e SG-FEV'' foram considerados favor��veis ao cultivo de cenoura, com destaque para C-FEV''. Entre gen��tipos, na maioria dos ambientes, 'Brazl��ndia' se destacou tanto na produtividade total, quanto na produtividade comercial de ra��zes. Na an��lise de adaptabilidade, 'Brazl��ndia' e 'Bras��lia-RL' indicaram possuir desempenho mais do que proporcional �� melhoria promovida pelo ambiente, sendo indicados para semeaduras em ambientes favor��veis. O h��brido AF-845 mostrou ter pequena capacidade em responder ��s varia����es ambientais, n��o sendo indicado para nenhum dos ambientes estudados. Os gen��tipos de cenoura, em geral, apresentaram estabilidade de comportamento nos ambientes estudados.

Conhecimentos e habilidades de acad��micos sobre procedimentos em semiologia e semiot��cnica da enfermagem

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico

Autoestima e qualidade de vida de pessoas com ��lcera venosa atendidas na aten����o prim��ria

Venous ulcers (VU) is a chronic injury of the lower extremities and because of its high incidence and recurrence implies long and complex treatments, damaging the quality of life (QOL) and self-esteem (SE) of the people. This study aimed to analyze the association between self-esteem with the quality of life of people with venous ulcers treated in primary care. Cross sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach conducted with 44 people met with VU at 13 primary care units 2 and Mixed units in Natal/RN. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), CAAE: 07556312.0.0000.5537. Held data collection from February to April 2014 and used three instruments: a structured form covering sociodemographic, health care and clinical variables, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the SF-36. The collected data were entered into a database and processed on computerized software for descriptive and inferential analyzes. The results showed a predominance of people with UV females (65,9%), with more than 60 years (59,1%), married or in a stable relationship (52,3%), low education (86,4%) without occupation (68,2%) and less than one minimum wage income (81,8%). Regarding assistance characteristics was observed that most patients performed the dressing with appropriate material (72,7%), professional or trained caregiver (61,4%) did not use compression therapy (81,8%), treating the injury for more than 6 months (77,3%), lack of guidelines for the use of compression therapy, elevation of legs, and regular exercise (77,3%) and consulting the angiologist last year (52,3% ). Regarding clinical features of the lesion was found that most of the recurrent lesions are (77,3%), over one year of current lesion (52,3%) medium to large lesions (54,8%), without signs of infection (61,3%) and pain (79,5%). The mean SE of respondents was 9,3 (�� 5,1). The relations between the SE and the sociodemographic variables, health care and clinics showed that individuals without a partner (a) (p = 0,01), who did not wear compression therapy (p = 0,04), with more 6 months of treatment (p = 0,01) and larger lesions (p = 0,01) had a lower SE. The mean domain and the dimensions of the SF-36 were lower emphasizing the functional capacity 36.5 (�� 27,6) and the physical aspects of 15.3 (�� 30,6). There were significant correlations between AE people with VU and the domains and dimensions of the SF-36: physical functioning (r = -0,432), general health (r = -0,415), vitality (r = -0,573), aspects social (r = -0,517), mental health (r = -0,612) and mental health dimensions (r = -0,612) and physical health (r = -0,473). Based on these results it is concluded by rejecting the null hypothesis and accept the alternative proposed in the study in which it was found that there is a negative correlation between the SE and the QOL of people with venous ulcers

Avalia����o do uso do DCP em areias para controle da capacidade de carga em funda����es diretas e controle de compacta����o de aterros

This work presents results of field and laboratory tests using a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, DCP. The tests were performed in order to evaluate the use of the equipment in sand for the control of bearing capacity of shallow foundations and fill compaction. For shallow foundations, the laboratory tests were conducted on sand placed in a metallic mould by the method of sand pluviation. Although the results show the inability to reproduce field conditions in the laboratory it was possible to verify the ability of the DCP to identify less resistant soil layers. The DCP tests for the analysis of compaction control were performed in a strong box with inside dimensions of 1,40 m x 1,40 m and 0,70 m in height. The soil layers were compacted with different densities though the use of a vibrating plate in order to obtain correlations between penetration index, DPI, and soil relative density. Other tests were also conducted to assess the influence of soil moisture on tests results. Among other findings, the results showed the great potential for the use of DCP to control the compaction of sand fills

Din��mica da Plasticidade Sin��ptica em neur��nios do hipocampo durante ciclos de sono: um estudo computacional

Several research lines show that sleep favors memory consolidation and learning. It has been proposed that the cognitive role of sleep is derived from a global scaling of synaptic weights, able to homeostatically restore the ability to learn new things, erasing memories overnight. This phenomenon is typical of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and characterized by non-Hebbian mechanisms, i.e., mechanisms independent of synchronous neuronal activity. Another view holds that sleep also triggers the specific enhancement of synaptic connections, carrying out the embossing of certain mnemonic traces within a lattice of synaptic weights rescaled each night. Such an embossing is understood as the combination of Hebbian and non-Hebbian mechanisms, capable of increasing and decreasing respectively the synaptic weights in complementary circuits, leading to selective memory improvement and a restructuring of synaptic configuration (SC) that can be crucial for the generation of new behaviors ( insights ). The empirical findings indicate that initiation of Hebbian plasticity during sleep occurs in the transition of the SWS to the stage of rapid eye movement (REM), possibly due to the significant differences between the firing rates regimes of the stages and the up-regulation of factors involved in longterm synaptic plasticity. In this study the theories of homeostasis and embossing were compared using an artificial neural network (ANN) fed with action potentials recorded in the hippocampus of rats during the sleep-wake cycle. In the simulation in which the ANN did not apply the long-term plasticity mechanisms during sleep (SWS-transition REM), the synaptic weights distribution was re-scaled inexorably, for its mean value proportional to the input firing rate, erasing the synaptic weights pattern that had been established initially. In contrast, when the long-term plasticity is modeled during the transition SWSREM, an increase of synaptic weights were observed in the range of initial/low values, redistributing effectively the weights in a way to reinforce a subset of synapses over time. The results suggest that a positive regulation coming from the long-term plasticity can completely change the role of sleep: its absence leads to forgetting; its presence leads to a positive mnemonic change