Se você não quer, faça matrícula no pagou-passou da esquina. Concepções de currículo e avaliação: Diálogos sobre um colégio de excelência

O estudo interroga sobres as articulações entre os sentidos de currículo, avaliação e qualidade que circulam entre os professores no contexto do Colégio de Aplicação da Uerj (CAp/UERJ) e que sustentam a legitimidade da instituição considerada de excelência pelos resultados alcançados pelos seus alunos e tem como objetivo identificar as concepções de conhecimento, de currículo e de avaliação que articulam a produção de sentidos de um ensino de qualidade entre os professores do CAp/UERJ? Dessa forma, utilizando aportes pósestruturais a pesquisa é realizada a partir da apropriação dos conceitos de discurso e hegemonia desenvolvido por Ernesto Laclau na Teoria do discurso para problematizar os processos de exclusão que resultam na significação de qualidade sustentada por padrões de desempenho a priori. Para concretizar o estudo, caracterizado como um Estudo de Caso, foram realizadas entrevistas com oito professores abrangendo todos os segmentos de ensino da instituição. Além dos depoimentos, forma consultados documentos institucionais que permitiram contextualizar e compreender melhor o funcionamento do CAp/UERJ. A Análise de Conteúdo foi a ferramenta utilizada na sistematização, leitura e interpretação do material empírico. É importante destacar que não houve na investigação qualquer pretensão de estabelecer juízos de valor sobre as tensões existentes na instituição acerca das concepções que nela circulam e que as falas dos sujeitos são tomadas como interpretações provisórias que cada entrevistado confere as suas experiências no contexto em que a entrevista acontece. Experiências que, por sua vez, também são reinterpretadas pela pesquisadora. Com o estudo foi possível concluir que a significação do CAp/UERJ como uma escola de excelência é um processo dinâmico em que os professores, juntamente com outros sujeitos sociais, nem sempre diretamente ligados à instituição, lutam por hegemonia em práticas coletivas de produção curricular em meio a conflitos que ultrapassam as fronteiras da escola. Essas práticas predominantemente críticas, são centradas na defesa de um repertório de bens simbólicos que podem até ser transmitidos de formas diferentes, com diversas atividades que contemplem a diversidade da escola, mas é na avaliação que elas realmente se concretizam como críticas ao exigir compreensões semelhantes de sujeitos diferentes, principalmente no anos finais de escolaridade. No entanto, ainda que possam ser consideradas hegemônicas e pareçam persistir há algum tempo, como apontam as análises realizadas, trata-se de uma hegemonia precária que se produz em meio a tensões e conflitos nas práticas curriculares da instituição. Assim a proposta da investigação consiste em desestabilizar hegemonias mais estáveis e seus interesses particulares, autorizando que outras hegemonias brotem, promovendo o antagonismo através dos múltiplos discursos.

Percepção socioambiental aplicada em instituição de ensino no âmbito da racionalização do uso da água a partir de aproveitamento de águas pluviais.

Devido à falta de água em algumas regiões, o tema aproveitamento de águas pluviais vem se desenvolvendo ultimamente. Fica evidente a importância de sensibilizar as pessoas para que ajam de modo responsável e com consciência. A escola é um espaço de sensibilidade e conscientização que pode educar os alunos junto ao meio escolar e à comunidade local sobre o meio ambiente. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de realizar no Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira (CAp-UERJ) uma pesquisa de percepção ambiental com os alunos do 2 e 5 ano dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, a partir da conscientização pautada na educação ambiental após instalado o sistema de captação de águas pluviais, desenvolvida no projeto de Manejo de Águas Pluviais - MAPLU aprovado pelo FINEP, cujo objetivo é o desenvolvimento de soluções urbanísticas e ambientalmente adequadas de manejo de águas pluviais. Foram realizadas as oficinas com cada grupo focal e aplicados questionários para avaliar os resultados gerados. As oficinas demonstraram um avanço no conhecimento, pois a partir de uma abordagem participativa, os alunos puderam expressar os seus interesses e conhecimentos. Para quantificar o consumo de água no Instituto, foram levantadas informações relativas aos usuários, medições de vazões e faturas de consumos de água disponibilizados pela Companhia Estadual de Águas e Esgoto - CEDAE. Por meio de entrevistas com amostras de população, verificou-se a frequência e o tempo médio de utilização dos aparelhos, bem como as principais atividades que consomem água. Estimou-se o consumo médio diário de água no CAp-UERJ em 13 L/dia por aluno.

Abordagens estereológica e imunohistoquímica no câncer de próstata: uma reavaliação diagnóstica e possível terapêutica

Os esforços para melhorar o diagnóstico, o prognóstico e a vigilância do câncer de próstata (CaP) são relevantes. A superestimação do Escore de Gleason (GSC) pode submeter os indivíduos a um tratamento agressivo desnecessário. Foi tido como objetivo utilizar a estereologia em avaliações do CaP e investigar se o volume nuclear médio (VNM) correlaciona-se com o padrão primário de Gleason (Gpp), a fim de buscar um método alternativo devido à subjetividade do Escore de Gleason, que seja aquele, um método confiável e objetivo, sem discordância interobservador. Para isso, identificamos 74 amostras de prostatectomia radical, que foram divididos em seis grupos com base no Gpp, de 3 a 5. Controles (C) foram adquiridos em regiões não tumorais pareadas das mesmas amostras. O VNM foi estimado utilizando o método de "intersecção dos pontos amostrados". Diferenças estatísticas do VNM entre os grupos C e os grupos Gpp foram testadas utilizando o teste de Kruskall-Wallis e pós- teste de Dunn. As diferenças entre cada grupo Gpp e seus homólogos foram testados com o teste de Wilcoxon. As correlações foram avaliadas com a correlação de Spearman (R [Spearman]). As correlações entre o antígeno prostático específico (PSA) e o GSC (R [Spearman] de 0,76) e entre o PSA e o VNM (R [Spearman] de 0,78) foram moderadamente forte e altamente significativa, e a correlação entre o VNM e o Gpp (R [Spearman] de 0,53) foi moderada e altamente significativa. O VNM foi significativamente maior em regiões cancerígenas em comparação as regiões de controle-pareado. O planejamento adequado de um estudo, bem como a disponibilidade de equipamentos e softwares para a quantificação morfológica, pode proporcionar incentivo para rapidez e precisão para estimar o VNM como parâmetro auxiliar na avaliação do câncer de próstata. A reprodutibilidade falha interobservador do GSC tem mostrado possíveis conduções equivocadas dos pacientes portadores de CaP. O VNM representa um método reprodutível de classificação objetiva para o câncer de próstata. Portanto, os dados atuais favorecem o uso de VNM associado com GSC e o PSA na avaliação do câncer de próstata.

An overview of 1000 years of tropical climatic variability from ice cores from the Andes of southern Peru [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Each summer between 1976 and 1984 research was conducted on the Quelccaya Ice Cap with one central objective, to recover an ice core to bedrock from which an approximate 1000 year climatic history for tropical South America could be reconstructed. In 1983 that central objective was accomplished by recovering one core 155 meters in length containing 1350 years and a second core of 163.6 meters containing more than 1500 years of climatic history. ... The most significant climatic event in tropical South America over the last 1500 years was the "Little Ice Age" which is recorded between 1490 to 1880 A.D. in these ice core records. Records from the summit of the Quelccaya Ice Cap show that during the "Little Ice Age" period there was (1) a general increase in particulates (both insoluble and soluble, starting around 1490 A.D. and ending abruptly in 1880 A.D.; (2) an initial increase in net accumulation (1500-1720 A.D.) followed by a period of decreased net accumulation (1720-1860 A.D.); (3) more negative delta-O-18 values beginning in the 1520's and ending around 1880 A.D. The "Little Ice Age" event is evident as a perturbation in all five ice core parameters.

High-resolution natural recording systems: intercomparisons of the response to interannual climatic variability [abstract]

The goal of this work is to examine the properties of recording mechanisms which are common to continuously recording high-resolution natural systems in which climatic signals are imprinted and preserved as proxy records. These systems produce seasonal structures as an indirect response to climatic variability over the annual cycle. We compare the proxy records from four different high-resolution systems: the Quelccaya ice cap of the Peruvian Andes; composite tree ring growth from southern California and the southwestern United States; and the marine varve sedimentation systems in the Santa Barbara basin (off California, United States) and in the Gulf of California, Mexico. An important focus of this work is to indicate how the interannual climatic signal is recorded in a variety of different natural systems with vastly different recording mechanisms and widely separated in space. These high-resolution records are the products of natural processes which should be comparable, to some degree, to human-engineered systems developed to transmit and record physical quantities. We therefore present a simple analogy of a data recording system as a heuristic model to provide some unifying concepts with which we may better understand the formation of the records. This analogy assumes special significance when we consider that natural proxy records are the principal means to extend our knowledge of climatic variability into the past, beyond the limits of instrumentally recorded data.

40 Gb/s carrierless amplitude and phase modulation for low-cost optical datacommunication links

4 bps/Hz 40 Gb/s carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation is investigated for next-generation datacommunication links. The 40 Gb/s link achieves double the length of a conventional NRZ scheme, despite using a low-bandwidth source. © 2011 Optical Society of America.

Selective epitaxial growth in silicon on insulator: Planarity and mass flow

Seeded zone-melt recrystallization using a dual electron beam system has been performed on silicon-on-insulator material, which was prepared with single-crystal silicon filling of the seed windows by selective epitaxial growth. The crystal quality has been assessed by a variety of microscopic techniques, and it is shown that single-crystal films 0.5-1.0 μm thick over 1.0 μm of isolating oxide may be prepared by this method. These films have considerably less lateral variation in thickness than standard material, in which the windows are not so filled. The filling method is suitable for both single- and multiple-layer silicon-on-insulator, and gives the advantages of excellent layer uniformity after recrystallization and improved planarity of the whole chip structure. Experiments using various amounts of seed window filling have shown that the lateral variations of silicon film thickness seen in unplanarized material are due to stress relief in the cap oxide when the silicon film is molten, rather than the effect previously postulated in which they were assumed to be due to the contraction of silicon on melting.

A packaging technique for silicon MEMS strain sensors on steel

A packaging technique suited to applying MEMS strain sensors realized on a silicon chip to a steel flat surface is described. The method is based on adhesive bonding of the silicon chip rear surface on steel using two types of glue normally used for standard piezoresistive strain sensors (Mbond200/ 600), using direct wire bonding of the chip to a Printed Circuit Board, also fixed on steel. In order to protect the sensor from the external environment, and to improve the MEMS performance, the silicon chip is encapsulated with a metal cap hermetically sealed-off under vacuum condition with a vacuum adhesive in which the bonding wires are also protected from possible damage. In order to evaluate the mechanical coupling of the silicon chip with the bar and thestress transfer extent to the silicon surface, commercial strain sensors have been applied on the chip glued on a steel bar in alaboratory setup able to generate strain by inflection, yielding a stress transfer around 70% from steel to silicon. © 2008 IEEE.

Development of intermediate moisture marinated fish product and its storage characteristics

An attempt was made to prepare an intermediate moisture (around 44% moisture) marinated (pH around 4) fish product. Fillets from Sciaenid fish (each fish weighing 70-80 gm) were dipped in a solution containing 7% acetic acid, 20% common salt and 1% propionic acid for 2 hours. After soaking, the soaked fillets were partially dried to about 44% moisture. Three effective hurdles like low pH (by using 7% acetic add and 1% propionic acid), low water activity (by using 20% salt and partially drying the fillets) and preservative (1% propionic add), were used to prepare a shelf-stable product at room temperature. The dried product was sprayed with 0.0 5% BHA in 50% alcohol and further dried for 10 minutes to remove added water and alcohol, thereby another hurdle (preservative) against fat oxidation. The product was packed in 300 gauge polythene bags and stored in transparent screw cap plastic jars. Fortnightly samples were drawn and subjected to biochemical, bacteriological and organoleptic evaluation to study its storage characteristics. The product was in good acceptable form up to 4 months at ambient temperature. The product needed one hour soaking in water with two changes of water in between to make it free from excess salt and acid smell.

DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ与ⅠA的进化分析

DNA拓扑异构酶与断开DNA链和改变其拓扑结构有关。先前的研究认为,拓扑异构酶TypeⅡB是由TypeⅡA通过基因的复制、重组和缺失所造成。然而,本研究结果则显示,TypeⅠA与TypeⅡB的进化关系较近,而TypeⅡA与TypeⅡB的关系较远。因此,TypeⅡB可能是由TypeⅠA演化而来,或者说,TypeⅡB是TypeⅠA在古细菌中的特化形式;TypeⅡB可能是由TypeⅡA通过形成TypeⅠA后演化而成的,而不是由TypeⅡA直接通过基因的复制、重组和缺失所造成。在由TypeⅡA演化成为TypeⅠA,最后演化为TypeⅡB的过程中,DNA拓扑异构酶的催化机制也发生了变化从需要金属离子的协助,演化到了不需要镁离子的存在协助其催化。

Taxonomic review of the genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu (Teleostei : Cyprinidae), with a description of four new species

All Sinocrossocheilus species, except S. microstomatus, are reviewed. Four new species, S. labiata, S. papillolabra, S. nigrovittata, and S. longibulla, are described. The genus Sinocrossocheilus differs from other genera of Cyprinidae by the last simple dorsal fin ray being unserrated and unossified, the last unbranched anal fin ray being unserrated and unossified, the 5-branched anal fin rays, the mouth gap being inferior, the rostral cap covering the lower jaw and connecting directly with the lower lip, a row of fleshy lobes on the lower jaw, and a cloudy black spot above the pectoral fin. Sinocrossocheilus labiata is small and has 22 predorsal scales; S. longibulla has a very large air bladder; S. papillolabra possesses a well-developed ventral fin and a wide band covered by fleshy papillae on the lower lip; and S. nigrovittata possesses black longitudinal stripes along the lateral line. Crossocheilus bamaensis and Crossocheilus liuchengensis are transferred to the genus Sinocrossocheilus. Sinocrossocheilus species are endemic to the central and eastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China, where river systems are anfractuous, including seasonal rivers, cave rivers, underground rivers, and streamlets between mountains. These separated rivers probably provide conditions for the allopatric speciation of the Sinocrossocheilus.

Study on the reproductive biology of Pinctada fucata (Gould) (Mollusca: Pteriidae)

Annual cycle of gonad development and spawning in pearl oyster, Pinctada ficata (Gould) in Nakhiloo, Northeast Persian Gulf, was investigated over two years from August 1994 to June 1996. Gonadal condition was assessed by staging criteria to describe gametogenic development from histological preparations of randomly collected individuals of all sizes. A bimodal gametogenic pattern with summer and autumn spawning periods was evident throughout the study. Gametogensis commenced in November-December which proceeded by major gonadal maturation during February-April. Summer spawning was observed from April to July with major spawning at the latter end. During spawning peak in July, low level of gametogensis was noticed. Gametogenic activity was picked up again in August-September which proceeded by autumn spawning from September to December. Towards the end of spawning season, incidence of gonadal inactivation increased. Minimum level of gonadal activity was observed in November. Temperature regime appears to have influential role in regulation of gametogenic and spawning processes. Gonadal development and spawning trends were similar in both sexes. P. radiaata was found to be protandrous hermaphrodite which matured as a male at shell height greater than 20 mm. Biseivality was uncommon and the sex ratio was about 1:1. Ultrastructure of gametes were investigated in the Pictada fucata (Gould). "Auxiliary cells" closely accociated with developing oocytes were observed. Each oocyte seems to be associated with only one secretory cell. which is characterized by an abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum at the onset of vitellogenesis. Contact between this cell and a developing oocytes is maintained by a desmosome-like junction which can be observed when the vitelline coat is formed. these "auxiliary or nursing cells" seem to play a tropic role in vitellogenesis, and may be involved in the formation of the vitelline coat of the oocytes. Oocytic degeneration is observed in this species, it is a continuous phenomenon of varing intensity throughout the year. The ultrastructural changes resulting in lysis of the oocyte are described. Mature spermatozoa consist of a broad, cap-shaped acrosomal vesicle, subacrosomal material, a round nucleus, two triplet substructure centrioles surrounded by four spherical mitochondria, and a flagellum anchored to the distal centriole and plasma membrane. Spermatozoa of Plucata closley resemble to those of other investigated Pteriidae. Changes in proximate composition of soft tissue and gonadal cycle of Pinctada fucata was studied. Mobilization and utilization of stored reserves are apparent during gametogenesis and gonadal maturation. Protein reserves are utilized during spermatogenesis while reserved carbohydrates form the main energy donor in oogenesis. The role of lipid as am.: energy reserve is second to that of carbohydrate.

Mechanism of pile group settlement in liquefiable soils

This paper examines the settlement of instrumented 2 × 2 model pile groups in liquefiable soil based on the results of dynamic centrifuge tests. The piles are end-bearing in dense sand, and are instrumented such that base, shaft and total pile load components can be measured. The data suggest that the overall co-seismic group settlement is accrued from incremental settlements of the individual piles as the group rocks under the action of the kinematic and inertial lateral loads. A Newmarkian framework for describing this behaviour is presented in which permanent settlement is incremented whenever the load in any of the piles exceeds the capacity of the soil to support the pile. This bearing capacity of the piles in liquefied soil is estimated based on measured dynamic soil properties during shaking and observations of the changes in load carried by the piles. The contribution of the pile cap in reducing settlement is also discussed. © 2008 ASCE.

Effect of previous cyclic axial loads on pile groups

Numerous piles are often subjected to the combination of cyclic axial and cyclic lateral loads in service, such as piled foundations for offshore platforms which may suffer swaying and rocking motions owing to wind and wave actions. In this research, centrifuge tests were conducted to investigate the effect of previous cyclic axial loads on the performance of pile groups subjected to subsequent cyclic lateral loads. Different pile installation methods were also applied to study the different behaviour of bored and jacked pile groups subjected to cyclic loads. During lateral load cycling, it is seen that cyclic axial loads to which pile groups were previously subjected could reduce the pile cap permanent lateral displacement in the first lateral load cycle but do not influence the incremental rate of permanent displacement in the following lateral load cycles. Moreover, it is found that previous cyclic axial loads could improve the pile cap cyclic lateral secant stiffness, especially for the pre-jacked pile group. When rocking motions were induced by cyclic lateral loads, pile groups subjected to cyclic axial loads before have smaller permanent settlement than those without the cyclic axial loading effect. The designers of piles that are intended to resist significant lateral loads without excessive deformations in service may wish to deploy cyclic axial preloading, accordingly.

Tests for conceptual design of 6.6 kV class superconducting fault current limiter with YBCO thin film elements

A superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) for 6.6 kV and 400 A installed in a cubicle for a distribution network substation was conceptually designed. The SFCL consists of parallel- and series-connected superconducting YBCO elements and a limiting resistor. Before designing the SFCL, some tests were carried out. The width and length of each element used in the tests are 30 mm and 210 mm, respectively. The element consists of YBCO thin film of about 200 nm in thickness on cerium dioxide (CeO2) as a cap-layer on a sapphire substrate by metal-organic deposition with a protective metal coat. In the tests, characteristics of each element, such as over-current, withstand-voltage, and so on, were obtained. From these characteristics, series and parallel connections of the elements, called units, were considered. The characteristics of the units were obtained by tests. From the test results, a single phase prototype SFCL was manufactured and tested. Thus, an SFCL rated at 6.6 kV and 400 A can be designed. © 2009 IEEE.