Atributos físicos de latossolos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar sob sistemas de usos do solo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Resposta da terceira soqueira da cana-de-açúcar à aplicação de nitrogênio na presença e ausência de silício

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Metodologias de aplicação de sulfonamida heterocíclica no controle de Meloidogyne javanica e Pratylenchus brachyurus em soja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Variabilidade de atributos físicos de um latossolo vermelho sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar

The goal of this paper was to select among the attributes surveyed soil, one with better representation to explain the variability of the technological components of sugar cane. The study was conducted at ETH Eldorado Plant in Rio Brilhante, MS, in the agricultural year 2011/2012, in a Oxisol, which was installed a geostatistical grid for data collection of soil and plant, with 80 sampling points, a 80 ha area. From the standpoint of linear and spatial TCH has been explained as a function of volumetric moisture. The volumetric moisture collected at a depth of 0.00 to 0.20 m, which had values between 0,24 to 0,270 m(3) m(-3), resulted in sites with the highest productivity of sugar cane per hectare from 64 to 70 t ha(-1). To aid future studies aimed at precision agriculture, which will use the same attributes as those of the future works, the values of ranges of spatial dependence to be used should be between 81 and 487 meters.

Efeito da alimentação do adulto na qualidade do endoparasitoide larval da broca comum da cana-de-açúcar

Aiming qualitative improvements in the mass rearing of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in laboratory, tests were conducted with adults feed before parasitism on Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae, using 14 artificial diets based on sucrose, brewer yeast and honey. The design was completely randomized with 15 treatments and five replications. The biological parameters evaluated in F1 and F2 generations were: number of adults emerged; sex ratio; adult emergence percentage; weight of pupae mass; and male and female longevity. The highest average of emerged adults were 85 in diet with sucrose 5% for F1 generation, and 91 in diet with sucrose 5% + yeast brewer 2,5% for F2; the smaller average of adult emergency were 63.60 in diet with honey 5% + yeast brewer 2.5 % for F1 generation and 66.80 in diet with honey 5% for F2. Diets that produced more females were honey 5% + yeast brewer 2.5%, showing the sex ratio of 0.82 for F1 generation, and sucrose 10% + 2.5% yeast brewer 2.5% (0.75) for F2, while sucrose 10% + yeast brewer 2.5% (0.60 for F1) and honey 2.5% (0.59) provided fewer females for F2 generation. The highest percentage of adult emergence were 93.90% with the diet containing sucrose 2.5% + yeast brewer 2.5%) and 93.89 % with honey 5% + yeast brewer 2.5%, and the lowest 81.71% (honey 5% + yeast brewer 2.5%) for F1 and 78.96 % (honey 5%) to F1 and F2, respectively. The diet with Mel 2.5% produced greater weight of pupae mass. The adult longevity did not differ significantly for all diets in F1 and F2 generations. Diets containing 5% or 10% of sucrose or honey provide, in general, improve the qualitative development of C. flavipes in mass rearing.

Bactérias promotoras de crescimento e adubação nitrogenada no crescimento inicial de cana-de-açúcar proveniente de mudas pré-brotadas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria on the formation of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings, originated from individual buds, and to quantify the initial growth of these seedlings in association with nitrogen application, in a low fertility soil. Two experiments were carried out: one in greenhouse conditions, with a time span of 50 days, and the other in vases under field conditions, with a time span of 180 days. In both experiments, a randomized complete block design was used with a factorial arrangement of 2x3, in the first experiment - with or without inoculation, and with three quantities of bud reserve -, and of 2x2x4, in the second one - with or without inoculation, with or without nitrogen, evaluated in four times: at 45, 90, 135, and 180 days. The inoculant had effect on the initial growth of the pre-sprouted seedlings, increasing sprouting speed and dry matter accumulation on roots and shoots, regardless of the bud reserve amount. In the second experiment, the inoculant increased the initial growth of shoots and root system up to 180 days after transplantation, increasing height, tillering, stalk diameter, dry matter production of stalks and straw, and root length, regardless of nitrogen application. The inoculant has a positive physiological effect on plant growth.

Capacidade de suporte de carga de Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com cana-de-açúcar e efeitos da mecanização no solo

The objective of this work was to determine the load support capacity (LSC) of an Oxisol and, through compressibility models, relate it to wheel-soil interactions under management systems with one and three sugarcane crop cycles, with mechanized harvest. LSC evaluations were carried out on undisturbed soil samples, collected at planting row and bed, in four layers: 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, and 0.300.40 m. The contact area between wheels and soil was determined in order to estimate the contact pressure by agricultural machinery on the soil. Pre-consolidation pressures were used to determine LSC. The system with three cycles showed higher LSC than the system with only one cycle. The load support capacity of the soil evaluated in the range of friability is greater than the contact pressures applied to the soil by the wheels of the studied agricultural machines.

Seleção de famílias e progênies de irmãos completos de cana-de-açúcar para atributos tecnológicos e de produção pelo método de REML/BLUP

The objective of this study was to assess families and highlight the superior progenies of sugarcane originating from 38 biparental crosses for the following attributes: tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of biomass per hectare (TBIOH), brix (% cane juice), fiber content, purity, pol and total recoverable sugar (TRS). The data were analyzed by mixed model REML / BLUP in the REML (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) allowed us to estimate genetic parameters and BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) to predict the additive and genotypic values. The best family for the attributes TCH and TBIOH was 41, whose parents are cultivars IACSP022019 x CTC9. In individual selection for TCH, the plant number 3 of Block 2, the crossing 78, showed the best results. To TBIOH the plant number 33, Block 1, family 41, showed the best results. Families 40, 41, 43, 68, 69, 79, 91, 92 and 147, were higher for the variables brix, pol, purity, and ATR, where as 85 families, 147, 148, 149, 161, 163, 177, 178, 179, and 183 were higher for fiber. The family 147 whose parents are IACSP042286 x IACSP963055, showed three progenies ranked among the top ten for both brix, and for fiber, which identifies the combination as a potential source of progenies for bioenergy production.

Potencial de lixiviação de herbicidas utilizados na cana-de-açúcar em solos contrastantes

The increased use of herbicides, coupled with inadequate use of these molecules, also increased concerns about the risks of environmental contamination and its effects on humans and animals. The objective of this work evaluates the potential for leaching of herbicides in the crop of cane sugar, in contrasting soils. Used samples were used Psament (NR - sandy texture) and Oxisol Red (LR - clay texture). After application of herbicides ametryne (NR 1.60 kg ha(-1) and LR 2.40 kg ha(-1)), clomazone (NR 0.90 kg ha(-1) and LR 1.10 kg ha(-1)) and diuron (NR 1.60 kg ha(-1) and LR 3.20 kg ha(-1)), were irrigated blades of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm of water in soil columns. Results indicate that ametryne in NR samples submitted to the handling layer of 5-10 cm when applied blades of 20 and 40 mm of water. It was evident that the clomazone, regardless of the soil, did not exceed 0-5 cm water depths of 0 to 20 mm of water and 5-10 cm deep in the blades above 40 mm of water. With blades up to 80 mm, the diuron leaching only in layers 0-5 cm deep in LR. Conclude that the potential of leaching of diuron and ametryne was influenced by soil texture together with the organic matter content, the same was not true for clomazone.

Preparação e caracterização de materiais híbridos celulose/NbOPO4.nH2O a partir de celulose branqueada de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Indices de vegetação na mensuração do estoque de carbono em áreas com cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Uso da espectroscopia do infravermelho próximo (NIR) como método não destrutivo para a discriminação de aguardentes de cana-de-açúcar produzidas no Estado de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, e predição do teor de etanol

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Adubação fosfatada em variedades de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas em ambiente restritivo de cerrado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Efeito da adubação biológica em cana-de-açúcar associada a doses crescentes de fertilização mineral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Reflexos do processamento de cana-de-açúcar bisada na qualidade do açúcar VHP

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of clarifi ed juice and VHP (Very High Purity) sugar produced from “bisada” sugarcane and an early maturation variety, at the beginning of harvest. The experiment was conducted at Usina São Martinho S/A, Pradópolis,SP (Brazil). The process of juice clarifi cation and sugar production was conducted at the Laboratory of Technology of Sugar and Alcohol in the College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal (SP). The experimental design was randomized, and two varieties were used: SP83-2847 (“bisada” sugarcane) and RB855156 (early maturation), with twelve replications for technological analysis and four replications for sugar production. The clarifi cation process and the clarifi ed juice was evaluated in terms of settling rates, volume of sludge that formed, total soluble solids, pH, turbidity, total phenolic compounds, starch and color. The sugar was characterized regarding the percentage of apparent sugar, color, total phenolic compounds, starch, fi lterability, humidity and safety factor. It was verifi ed that the processing of the juice clarifi cation was not affected by the processing of the “bisada” sugarcane. However, the clarifi ed juice from the SP83-2847 variety had a more intense color and a higher total soluble solids value. The sugar produced from the “bisada” sugarcane presented similar quality to the early maturation variety. It was concluded that the processing of “bisada” sugarcane at the start of the harvest did not affect the juice clarifi cation and resulted in VHP sugar of a quality similar to that of the early maturation variety.