Preservação, caracterização patogênica e molecular de Plasmodiophora brassicae, agente causal da hérnia das crucíferas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Diagnóstico de paratuberculose por biópsia retal em búfalos

Foram realizadas biópsias retais de 140 búfalos, machos e fêmeas, das raças Murrah e mestiços de Murrah com Mediterrâneo, com idade acima de três anos, em uma propriedade no município de São Mateus, Maranhão, Brasil. Adicionalmente foram realizadas necropsias de 11 búfalos, para realizar um estudo comparativo entre os achados das biópsias retais e de tecidos de íleo e linfonodo mesentérico. A propriedade apresentava histórico de animais com emagrecimento progressivo e diarreia não responsiva a antimicrobianos. Os búfalos apresentavam sinais clínicos caracterizados por diarreia, estado nutricional regular a ruim, desidratação e edema submandibular. Nas biópsias retais seis búfalos apresentaram lesões sugestivas da paratuberculose na Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), sendo estas caracterizadas por inflamação granulomatosa multifocal moderada na lâmina própria com macrófagos epitelioides. Em quatro animais foram observadas adicionalmente células gigantes do tipo Langhans. Em 15 búfalos foi observado infiltrado linfocitário multifocal leve na lâmina própria. Pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), 4,3% (6/140) apresentaram bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR) e na PCR em tempo real (qPCR), 5,71% (7/140) tiveram amplificação do material genético. Foram necropsiados 11 búfalos, à necropsia foram observados aumento de linfonodos mesentéricos com áreas esbranquiçadas na superfície de corte; intestino delgado e grosso com dobras transversais evidentes, mucosa espessada e irregular, de aspecto reticulado, placas de Peyer evidentes e conteúdo líquido e marrom. Ainda se viam áreas espessadas em torno da válvula ileocecal e vasos linfáticos evidentes. As lesões histológicas localizadas no intestino delgado e linfonodos mesentéricos de quatro búfalos foram compatíveis com lesões já descritas na literatura, e apresentaram BAAR e amplificação de material genético na qPCR. A concordância entre a biópsia retal e a análise dos tecidos de íleo e linfonodo mesentérico, segundo o teste Kappa (K=0,792), foi alta. A biópsia retal realizada demonstrou ser promissora e pode ser empregada, juntamente com outras técnicas, para auxiliar no diagnóstico ante mortem em búfalos de rebanhos com suspeita de paratuberculose; pela mesma foi possível detectar animais positivos através da coloração de ZN e qPCR. Os resultados obtidos podem ser utilizados no controle da enfermidade para selecionar e eliminar animais positivos do rebanho, diminuindo gradualmente, a disseminação do agente no ambiente, e a consequente contaminação de outros animais.

Funcionalidade das proteínas ParA e ParB na segregação cromossômica de Xanthomonas citri ssp citri

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Suscetibilidade à podridão negra e produtividade de brócolis em função de doses de nitrogênio e potássio

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of potassium and nitrogen on the severity of black rot and yield of head. The experiment was carried out in split plots with factorial subplots, in randomized blocks with four replications. In the plots we assessed the influence of inoculation (injured plants with distilled water and inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) and in the subplots we evaluated the 4 x 4 factorial, potassium doses (0, 275, 550 and 825 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1). The hybrid Broccoli BRO68 was inoculated using the toothpick method at 64 days after sowing. We observed that potassium in the plant reduced the disease, but nitrogen increased disease. We estimated that the highest levels of potassum in the plant reduced the severity of the disease but lack or excess of nitrogen increased disease severity. The highest production of broccoli inflorescence was obtained at doses from 541 to 751 kg ha-1 of K2O and 286 to 328 kg ha-1 of N. However, when considering a balanced fertilization to obtain higher yield and size of inflorescences and greater resistance to black rot, the ideal doses are 283 kg ha-1 of N and 550 kg ha-1 of K2O.

Desenvolvimento de Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) em Brassicaceae ao longo de gerações

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Perfil tecnológico e funcional de cepas probióticas em leite fermentado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produtividade, qualidade fisiológica e composição química de sementes de crambe em diferentes doses de fósforo

The crambe is a brassica with high content of oil used for biodiesel production and that has aroused interest in the short cycle and low production cost. However, there are doubts about their response to phosphated fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of phosphorus on yield, physiological quality, chemical composition and oil content of crambe seeds. The treatments consisted of five doses of phosphorus (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha(-1)) applied at sowing. There was no effect of phosphorus on mineral composition and oil content of the seeds of crambe that showed the following averages: 30.11 N, 7.46 P, 7.35 K, Ca 10.06, 6.58 mg and 8.98 g kg(-1) S; 36.25 Cu, Fe 169.40, 36.75 Mn 73.60 mg kg(-1) Zn and 30.22% oil. It was concluded that the productivity of crambe increases with phosphorus rates of up to 100 kg ha(-1), but its use does not affect the survival rate of plants, dry mass, the mass of thousand seeds, the physiological quality, chemical composition and oil content of the seed.

Influence of the combination of probiotic cultures during fermentation and storage of fermented milk

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phosphorus fertilization of 'Fuyutoyo' cabbages in phosphorus-rich Eutrustox soil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Application of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles containing atrazine herbicide as an alternative technique to control weeds and reduce damage to the environment

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Subacute and Reproductive Oral Toxicity Assessment of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Jacaranda decurrens Roots in Adult Male Rats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ozonated water and chlorine effects on the antioxidant properties of organic and conventional broccoli during postharvest

There is growing interest in studies on sanitizers other than chlorine that can maintain the quality of organic products without affecting their phytochemical content. The effects of using chlorinated and ozonized water treatments, as sanitizing procedures, on the post-harvest quality of organic and conventional broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) cv. Italica was evaluated. The biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity) of the broccoli samples were analyzed at day (C) (arrival of the plant from the field, original features), and 1, 4 and 7 days after harvest. The polyamine analysis was performed on arrival of the plant from the field and on the first and seventh days. The cultivation procedure influenced polyphenol, vitamin C and total chlorophyll content, and the highest value was observed in organic broccoli after the fourth day. Flavenoid content was higher in organic broccoli. The use of ozone appears not to have had an influence on the amount of polyphenolic, flavonoids and vitamin C during storage. Total chlorophyll content was less affected by ozonized water than by the chlorine treatment as at the first and fourth days of storage. The highest content of putrescine was found in conventional broccoli, while the highest levels of spermidine and spermine were found in organic broccoli. Antioxidant capacity was highest in organic broccoli after day 4 of storage and was affected by the bioactive compounds analyzed. Methods of cultivation influenced natural antioxidant and chlorophyll contents in broccoli under cold storage.

Effect of bacillus thuringiensis on the biological parameters and phytophagy of podisus nigrispinus (hemiptera: pentatomidae)

The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner 1911 var aizawai strain GC-91 (Bta) on the biological parameters and phytophagy of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were evaluated using the follow treatments: a) provision of deionized water and prey Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae); b) provision of only a solution containing Bta; and c) provision of prey and the solution containing Bta. To evaluate the phytophagy of the predator, leaves of Brassica oleraceae var acephala Linnaeus cv Manteiga da Georgia were provided and replaced every two days, and subsequently stained by immersion in 1% acid fuchsin. Staining enabled the visualization of the feeding sheath, which allowed for the quantification of punctures inflicted by P nigrispinus. The phytophagy, reproductive capacity and biological cycle in P nigrispinus were negatively affected by the presence of Bta; however, its predatory capacity was not altered.

Recognition of two morpho-types in eastern South American brackens (Pteridium-Dennstaedtiaceae-Polypodiopsida)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produtividade e qualidade de grãos de canola em função da adubação nitrogenada e sulfatada

The canola (Brassica napus, L.) cultivation was encouraged for grain and oil production at the 80's, and it is also considered a good option for crop rotation. The nitrogen is one of the most required nutrients by the plant to increase its production, while sulfur is essential to provide seed quality. Thus, the objective of this study was, at Cerrado region, evaluate the effects of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization at yield and contents of oil and crude protein in the grains. We also sought relate to grain yield the S content in the soil and concentrations of N and S in the diagnosis leaf. The experiment was conducted in Uberaba County, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in an Oxisol, utilizing the Hyola 401 hybrid. The treatments consisted in a factorial scheme 5 x 4 (five N rates: 0, 60, 100, 140 and 180 kg ha(-1) and; four S rates: 0, 15, 30 and 60 kg ha(-1)) in a randomized blocks design, with four replicates. The nitrogen and sulfur fertilization increased canola grain yield, without significantly alter contents of oil and crude protein. Rates higher than to 140 kg ha(-1) of N and 15 kg ha(-1) of S provided grain yield above 1100 kg ha(-1). Plots with yield higher than to 1000 kg ha(-1) presented foliar concentration of N above 52 g kg(-1). The highest S content was observed at the 0.15-0.30 m layer, proving the sulfate anion mobility. The lowest grain yield were observed when the S content in the soil at this layer were less than 4 mg dm(-3). The N concentrations in the diagnostic leaf and S-SO4-2 content in the 0.15-0.30 m layer correlated positively with crop yield.