Análise do livro didático de biologia em relação à abordagem da temática lixo

O livro didático é muito utilizado por professores e alunos, sendo importante como recurso constante de pesquisa quanto à qualidade do conteúdo oferecido à educação, pois pode influenciar comportamentos frente à sociedade. Sendo assim, é fundamental que os professores adotem livros didáticos que colaborem com textos atuais e com temas presentes no cotidiano onde estão inseridos e que envolvam a relação entre ciência e tecnologia e os seus aspectos políticos, econômicos e culturais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a forma como o tema lixo está sendo abordado nos livros didáticos de biologia no último ano do Ensino Médio. Para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa escolhemos os livros didáticos de Biologia que fazem parte do Plano Nacional do Livro Didático de (2012 a 2014).Os quais são utilizados na rede pública estadual do município de Governador Mangabeira- BA. Os livros didáticos analisados apresentam pontos que precisam ser reavaliados, com intuitos de possibilitar ao professor e aos alunos uma visão critica dos conteúdos, das imagens, das atividades complementares, as quais estão sendo abordado em relação o tema lixo.

Uma experiência de ensino de biologia numa perspectiva inovadora

O presente estudo tem como tema central Uma experiência de ensino de biologia numa perspectiva inovadora. Insere-se na linha de pesquisa da inovação pedagógica e incidindo em uma reflexão sobre a metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem adotada pelo professor de Biologia na sua prática pedagógica na 3ª série do Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública - o Centro Educacional Professora Olga Damous, situado no município de Turiaçu – MA. Faz-se uma análise das tipologias dos métodos aplicados na práxis educativa e de como essas práticas têm possibilitado o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens significativas nos alunos, refletindo na formação de conceitos e atitudes no seu cotidiano. A análise tem como referência a postura do professor a partir dos conceitos trabalhados na sala de aula e seus reflexos na construção de uma consciência crítica dos educandos. Nesse sentido, optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem etnográfica, utilizando o estudo de caso, apoiando na entrevista semi-estruturada, observação participante, por se ter um contato direto com o fenômeno a ser observado, e na análise documental. Na pesquisa, a concepção de ensino de biologia e aprendizagem significativa respaldou-se, principalmente, nos estudos de Krasilchik, Bizzo, Coll, Ausubel. Já os conceitos de inovação pedagógica tiveram as contribuições de Carlos Fino, Farias e Sebarroja, dentre outros, os quais trouxeram aportes importantes para fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa. Paralelo aos estudos teóricos, foram realizadas as observações na sala de aula e a análise dos eventos e do discurso construídos pelo professor e seus alunos. Em síntese, esta investigação pretendeu desvendar as sutilezas do processo ensino-aprendizagem do professor de Biologia na perspectiva de uma prática pedagógica inovadora.

Relatório de estágio de biologia e geologia realizado na Escola Básica e Secundária Gonçalves Zarco

O Estágio Pedagógico (EP) é uma etapa fundamental para a preparação do estagiário, futuro professor, e é sobretudo, uma etapa reflexiva e de partilha a vários níveis: científico, pessoal, pedagógico e ético-profissional. O presente relatório de estágio visa apresentar, de forma contextualizada, as experiências de ensino/aprendizagem desenvolvidas durante a prática pedagógica realizada na Escola Básica e Secundária Gonçalves Zarco (EBSGZ), no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino da Biologia e da Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário. Este trabalho é o resultado de um crescimento profissional reflexivo e profícuo, fundamentado numa análise crítico-construtiva do que foi realizado ao longo da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES). Esta reflexão assentou essencialmente na análise dos conhecimentos teóricos e práticos adquiridos e numa atitude de questionamento sustentada por diferentes referenciais teóricos e pela vontade de agir melhor. O estágio pedagógico pressupôs uma ação reflexiva do professor estagiário em seis domínios funcionais: Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES), Atividades de Integração no Meio Escolar (AIME), Atividades de Intervenção na Comunidade Escolar (AICE), Atividades Complementares à Prática Letiva (ACPL), Atividades de Natureza Científico-Pedagógica(ANCP) e Outras Atividades de Enriquecimento Profissional. Cada um destes domínios visou dotar o estagiário de várias competências, estratégias e recursos que lhe permitirão exercer futuramente uma profissão integradora e desafiante.

Ecologia parasitária de isópodos e biologia reprodutiva em tibiro, Oligoplites spp (OSTEICHTHYES: CARANGIDAE) das águas costeiras de Natal, Rio Grande do norte

Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier) and Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider) (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) are coastal pelagic fish species. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of parasitism by isopods and the reproductive biology of the leather jack, Oligoplites spp. A total of 113 individuals of Oligoplites spp (35 of O. saurus and 78 of O. palometa) were captured during the period between January, 2005 and July, 2007 from the coastal waters of Natal, RN. The morphometric and meristic characters were registered; macroscopic analyses were done to collect the isopod parasites and the gonads were observed to verify the reproductive aspects. The crustacean isopod parasite, Cymothoa spinipalpa (Isopoda: Cymothidae) was encountered on the tongue in the oral cavity in both fish hosts. The parasitic indices of C. spinipalpa showed high values of prevalance of 51,4% for O. saurus and 64,1% for O. palometa. The host presented significant correlations between body mass and body length of O. palometa and the number of parasites. Body lengths of female C. spinipalpa were small due to the limited space available in the oral cavity of the host. There was a significant difference in the sex ratio of O. palometa, males outnumbered the females. The isopod parasites showed specificity to the oral cavity of hosts. Macroscopic analyses of gonads showed four stages of gonadal development for both sex of O. palometa: immature, maturing, mature and spent

Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Eretmochelys imbricata (testudines, cheloniidae) no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Female hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting along the southeastcoastline of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil (6º13'40"S, 35º03'05"W) were captured and weighed during the four months from January to April 2007, in the course of the annual egglaying season, which extended from 06 rd November 2006 to 30 rd May 2007. In all, 99 weight measurements were performed. On first contact the females exhibited an average post-oviposition weight of 79.1 kg (range 56.2-98.9 kg, SD = 10.9 kg, n = 44 females). Those individuals which were subsequently recaptured showed a mean weight loss of 1.7 kg (range 0.7-4.5 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 39 sets of measurements on 20 females) in the interval between two consecutive post-ovipositions, separated by a maximum time interval of 17 days. In the cases where the female aborted the nesting process, the pre-oviposition weight was measured. The clutch weight, that is to say, the weight loss between consecutive pre-oviposition and post-oviposition measurements (separated by a maximum time interval of 3 days), was found to be 5.2 kg (range 4.3-6.0 kg, SD = 0.9 kg, n = 6 sets of measurements). This value is significantly higher (t-test, p<0.001) than the loss between two consecutive post-oviposition measurements with the same female. The mean recovery in body weight, that is to say, the average gain in weight between successive post-oviposition and pre-oviposition captures of the same individual (separated by a time interval of 12 to 17 days), was found to be 3.0 kg (range 1.9-4.3 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 4 sets of measurements) Although the small sample size makes it unwise to generalise, the recovery in body weight was found to be always significantly lower (t-test, p<0.005) than the clutch weight. This fact is in agreement with the observed weight loss tendency throughout the breeding season for this species. Considering the clutch weight and the internidal recovery in body weight we found that the total weight loss of the adult hawksbill females after three to five nesting events varied from 10.4% (range 8.7-11.9%, SD = 1.6%, n = 3) to 14.1% (range 11.8-15.4%, SD = 1.3%, n = 6) in relation to their initial pre-oviposition weight. If there were no body weight recovery during the internesting interval we estimate that a female that nests three to five times in the course of the season would lose from 19% to 31% of its initial weight. We emphasise that our clutch weight estimate was performed by weighing the females and not by multiplying the number of eggs in the nest by their average unit weight. In this way, our measurements take into account the loss of liquid during the oviposition. Despite the unequivocal evidence of body weight recovery during the internidal interval, it is not clear if the cause of this process is rehydration or feeding

Biologia reprodutiva da |Tainha, Mugil curema valencientes, 1836 (osteichthyes: mugilidade) nas águas costeiras do Rio Grande do Norte

The marine fish white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) exhibits a wide geographical distribution, being common in the Brazilian coast and is an important component of the artisanal fisheries. The objective of this study was to investigate the reproductive biology of M. curema in the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte. Fish samples were captured on a monthly basis during August, 2008 to July, 2009. The fish specimens were numbered, weighed, measured, dissected and their gonads were removed, weighed, their sex and gonadal development were identified. The length-weight relationship was determined for males and females. The sex ratio, the size at first gonadal maturation and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were calculated and ovarian development was investigated using macroscopic and histological techniques. The fecundity, spawning type and the reproductive period of the species were determined. A total of 366 specimens (186 males and 180 females) were captured. The sex ratio was 1:1 and the females were heavier than males. The estimated values of the angular coefficient for both sexes suggest that the species has isometric growth. The size at which 50% of the population began the process of maturation was 25.9 cm of total length for grouped sex. The macroscopic characteristics of the ovaries showed four stages of development: immature, maturing, mature and spent. However, the microscopic characteristics of the ovaries showed five stages of development: immature, early maturing, late maturing, mature and spent. The development of oocytes indicated five phases: Chromatin-nucleolus (phase I), initial perinucleolar (phase II), final perinuclear (phase II), formation of vitelline vesicle or yolk (phase III), vitellogenic (phase IV) and complete vitellogenesis (phase V). The species has a prolonged spawning period, with two peaks coinciding with the rainy season.

Biologia alimentar e morfohistologia do tubo digestório do mussum, synbranchus marmoratus, bloch (osteichthyes: synbranchidae) no açude Marechal Dutra Gargalheiras , localizado no semi-árido brasileiro

Food habits and morpho-histology of the digestive tract of marbled swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus (Block, 1917) were investigated. The fish samples were captured during August, 2007 to July, 2008 in the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. The rain fall data was obtained from EMPARN. The fish captured, were measured, weighed, dissected, eviscerated and individual stomach weights were registered. The stomach contents analyses were carried out based on volumetric method, points, frequency of occurrence and applying the Index of Relative Importance. The degrees of repletion of the stomachs were determined besides the Index of Repletion relating to feeding activity variations and frequency of ingestion during the rainy and dry seasons. The rainfall varied from 0 mm a 335 mm with a mean value of 71.62 mm. Highest rainfall of 335.5 mm was registered in March, 2008 and August to December was the dry period. During the dry period the study species presented high degrees of repletion of the stomachs, with a peak value in the month of September (mean = 4.54; ± SD = 0.56). The minimum mean value of = 3.99 ± SD = 0.25 was registered in the month of May during the rainy period. The stomach contents of S. marmoratus registered show that this fish prefers animals, 78.22% of crustaceans 2.85% of mollusks, 3.25% of fish, 1.4% of insects and 13.5% of semi-digested organic matter, thus characterizing the study species as a carnivore with a preference for crustaceans. The morpho-histological aspects of the digestive tract of S. marmoratus indicate that the mouth is terminal adapted to open widely, thin lips with taste buds, small villiform teeth forming a single series on maxillas, four pairs of branchial arches with short and widely spaced branchial rays. The oesophagus is short and cylindrical with a small diameter. The oesophagus wall is thick with mucas surface and internal parallel folds. The stomach is retilinical in form, presenting cardiac, caecal and pyloric portions. The caecal portion is long and is intermediary in position between the cardiac and pyloric portions. The cardiac portion of the stomach is short and cylindrical formed of simple epithelial cylindrical mucus cells. The caecal portion is long with narrow walls, a big cavity and smaller folds which give rise to gastric glands. The phyloric portion has no glands and primary or secondary mucas folds. The morphohistological aspects of the digestive tract of S. marmoratus indicate its adaptation to a carnivorous feeding habit