O processo de urbaniza����o de Mossor��: dos processos hist��ricos �� estrutura urbana atual

The general objective of this academic work is to analyze the relationship between the territorial division and the urban expansion process of Mossor�� city, understood here as the production and occupation of space. The urban expansion in Mossor��, since its formation as settlement in 1772 until current days, identifies with the Brazilian urbanization process whose growth is determined by the capitalist development. Thus, the expansion was determined by several economical specializations imposed by the territorial division of work which occurs at an interregional level, and, sometimes at an international level. Then, each specialization determined a moment of the urban expansion of the city, as follows: a) The cattle farmer specialization, between 1772 and 1857, when the urban expansion was shy, is summarized to a commercial square that received goods from Aracati aiming to cover a wide rural area; b) The commercial emporium specialization, between 1857 and 1930, when the urban expansion took an important impulse with the concentration of public and private capitals; c) The salt industry and the agricultural-industrial exporter specialization inside a state of development policy, between 1930 and 1970, when the urban expansion, joined to the settlement of the working class in the urban soil, developed along an important axis -the railway; d) The render of services specialization inside a state of intervention policy, between 1970 and 1990, when the urban expansion was characterized by the accelerated growth rhythm, by the reuse of some spaces, and by space segregation of demanding people; e) The render of services policy inside a neoliberal state policy, since 1990 until current days, when the urban expansion reduced its rhythm abruptly, when only small alterations occurred in the existing spaces. It focused on social policies and on several slums eradication programs. Finally, the territorial structure is deeply articulated with others, no territorial, but economical, social and political, which happens at a national, regional and local rate. Only within a historical and conceptual panorama, it was possible to explain the urban expansion in Mossor�� from its formation in 1772 until current days. Therefore, this work is a several discipline analysis of the urbanization process existing in Mossor��

A produ����o do mobili��rio urbano nos espa��os p��blicos :o desenho do mobili��rio urbano nos projetos de reordenamento das orlas do Rio Grande do Norte

This work aims to analyze and evaluate the Urban furniture designed to public areas according to the Revitalization planning for Rio Grande do Norte coastland, defining visual relations among urban elements in the landscape of revitalized public urban areas with cultural, paisagistic and touristic values and the design process used for developing urban furniture to those areas, observing the incoming consequences use to that process in a specific urban context which alters use, functions, cultural images as well as social values attributed to each particular place. Environmental perceptions, legibility of local cultural references and their representation through the design of urban elements, act in a positive or negative manner over the inhabitants cognition process of some particular revitalized area, determining new use and attributions to those areas. Designs for coastal urban interventions try excessively to standardize technical media, construction materials and planning configurations, creating artificial sceneries that segregates users, imposing new structures and usage, generating, consequently, the so called non-places and burlesque regionalism. The research is divided into 4 chapters: 1) Theoretical support (Industrial design; Urban furniture; Public urban spaces; Urban image and environmental perception; Urban occupation and interventions in coastland areas); 2) Methodological procedures and data collection; 3) Analysis of Rio Grande do Norte coastal areas and their urban interventions; 4) Final considerations and Industrial Design contributions to the subject

An��lise dos efeitos da legisla����o urban��stica na forma����o e crescimento do Bairro de Lagoa Nova: planos diretores de 1974, 1984 e 1994

To Analyze the Managing Plans of Natal in the decades of 1970, 1980 and 1990, identifying elements that had contributed for the growth of the Lagoa Nova quarter, capital one of the Rio Grande do Norte state. Ahead of the sped up growth of the urban centers, many times is not given to analyze which law had taken care of to its objective, and which the imperfections that had appeared during the application of these laws. To make the comparisons in you square them chosen at there distantinct times made possible to analyze the form as the ground of Lagoa Nova absorbed the proposals laws.Therefore toanalyze influences it of the Managing Plans, to make comparatives analyses between the urbanistics condicion, made possible to understand that the fabric urban of the quarter of Lagoa Nova is a true granary of information that it makes possible to the dedicated ones to the urban studies, a true field of analysis

An��lise da silvicultura na bacia hidrogr��fica do rio Jaguar��o (Brasil-Uruguai) : diagn��stico para a gest��o geoambiental em bacia transfronteiri��a

Disserta����o (mestrado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Instituto de Ci��ncias Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2015.

Rela����o entre ciclo de vida do produto tur��stico e estrat��gias de coopera����o na faixa litor��nea urbana do munic��pio de Natal

Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved

De repente, tudo mudou de lugar: refletindo sobre metamorfose urbana e gentrifica����o em Mossor��-RN

This study aims at solidifying the theoretical bases to provide, above all, an explanation for this phenomenon which currently happens, with a scenario of social, political, economic and cultural transformations worldwide in medium cities. Nevertheless, because it has different dimensions from its transformation axes, gentrification comes with change, but also with the introduction of a new purpose in the space using and occupation, outlining in this context the identity of places from the formation of centralities with the presence of flows with social and economic dynamicsThe current forms of geographic space appropriation show the directions of the senses and ideological profile which recreates the meanings and uses of content and materials from descriptions of a historical past. However, today there is an economic context in the urban space which refers to a search of strategies for change, i.e., the acquisition of parameter aimed at meeting the demands of the relationship between capital and labor, which ends up overriding some actions for the specification of the transformation methods within the urban space to be explained by new needs and also by the agents from the value adding to their interests and investments. Thus, we assume that the appreciation/gentrification of urban spaces may or may not result from the building of a public space, since the dialogic structure as a place of political interaction externalize conflicts and disagreements in general; it keeps segregating spaces. As new spaces are transformed, the access to them tends to happen with particular restriction, whereas some places like parks, shopping malls, high-rise and horizontal condos are the scene for major professional and family events. In this context, the gentrification process is used to designate interventions in the urban environment, in certain city spaces which are considered central to public and private investments. A historical place is permitted to be presented as a scenario, a stage full of attractions, through the transformation process. Studying gentrification consists of an analysis of the underlying interests in the transformation of these areas, and especially of the assessment of the interest level in the private sector to partner in order to modify the landscape. Gentrification results from the transformation processes of capital, which influences the efforts and investments application in order to establish and achieve optimal economic growth, focusing on a location socio-culturally centered in the urban space. Thus, the urban social structure develops in the light of some questions that relate not only the cities growth but also environmental conditions it provides in cities like Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 2005 a 2011.

Condom��nios fechados: a produ����o habitacional contempor��nea e a auto-exclus��o dos ricos no espa��o urbano de Natal RN (1995 2003)

The present work analyzes the fast evolution of gated communities in Natal-RN��s urban space. Characterized by the occupation of large areas, providing private security and utilities, this kind of real estate use arises a long list of questions and issues from society and scholars, due to privatization of urban space, bending of law constraints and the lack of an integrated planning of the cities where they are built. The reasons for its fast growth in Brazil s urban areas are analyzed, considering the impact on formal urban planning and municipal services and on the identification of urbanistic, architectural pattern and constraints, as well as legal, social and economic issues. This study is based on the detailed analysis of the first three units of gated communities built in the urban space in Natal, between 1995 and 2003, including their evolution throughout time and the specific social and economic reasons for its present widespread adoption in Brazilian real estate market and, particulary, in our city. The main objective of this piece of work is to answer the why s and how s these phenomena evolved, setting a basis for the definition of adequate public policies and regulation of this kind of urban land use

O processo de urbaniza����o de Mossor��: dos processos hist��ricos �� estrutura urbana atual

The general objective of this academic work is to analyze the relationship between the territorial division and the urban expansion process of Mossor�� city, understood here as the production and occupation of space. The urban expansion in Mossor��, since its formation as settlement in 1772 until current days, identifies with the Brazilian urbanization process whose growth is determined by the capitalist development. Thus, the expansion was determined by several economical specializations imposed by the territorial division of work which occurs at an interregional level, and, sometimes at an international level. Then, each specialization determined a moment of the urban expansion of the city, as follows: a) The cattle farmer specialization, between 1772 and 1857, when the urban expansion was shy, is summarized to a commercial square that received goods from Aracati aiming to cover a wide rural area; b) The commercial emporium specialization, between 1857 and 1930, when the urban expansion took an important impulse with the concentration of public and private capitals; c) The salt industry and the agricultural-industrial exporter specialization inside a state of development policy, between 1930 and 1970, when the urban expansion, joined to the settlement of the working class in the urban soil, developed along an important axis -the railway; d) The render of services specialization inside a state of intervention policy, between 1970 and 1990, when the urban expansion was characterized by the accelerated growth rhythm, by the reuse of some spaces, and by space segregation of demanding people; e) The render of services policy inside a neoliberal state policy, since 1990 until current days, when the urban expansion reduced its rhythm abruptly, when only small alterations occurred in the existing spaces. It focused on social policies and on several slums eradication programs. Finally, the territorial structure is deeply articulated with others, no territorial, but economical, social and political, which happens at a national, regional and local rate. Only within a historical and conceptual panorama, it was possible to explain the urban expansion in Mossor�� from its formation in 1772 until current days. Therefore, this work is a several discipline analysis of the urbanization process existing in Mossor��

A produ����o do mobili��rio urbano nos espa��os p��blicos :o desenho do mobili��rio urbano nos projetos de reordenamento das orlas do Rio Grande do Norte

This work aims to analyze and evaluate the Urban furniture designed to public areas according to the Revitalization planning for Rio Grande do Norte coastland, defining visual relations among urban elements in the landscape of revitalized public urban areas with cultural, paisagistic and touristic values and the design process used for developing urban furniture to those areas, observing the incoming consequences use to that process in a specific urban context which alters use, functions, cultural images as well as social values attributed to each particular place. Environmental perceptions, legibility of local cultural references and their representation through the design of urban elements, act in a positive or negative manner over the inhabitants cognition process of some particular revitalized area, determining new use and attributions to those areas. Designs for coastal urban interventions try excessively to standardize technical media, construction materials and planning configurations, creating artificial sceneries that segregates users, imposing new structures and usage, generating, consequently, the so called non-places and burlesque regionalism. The research is divided into 4 chapters: 1) Theoretical support (Industrial design; Urban furniture; Public urban spaces; Urban image and environmental perception; Urban occupation and interventions in coastland areas); 2) Methodological procedures and data collection; 3) Analysis of Rio Grande do Norte coastal areas and their urban interventions; 4) Final considerations and Industrial Design contributions to the subject

An��lise dos efeitos da legisla����o urban��stica na forma����o e crescimento do Bairro de Lagoa Nova: planos diretores de 1974, 1984 e 1994

To Analyze the Managing Plans of Natal in the decades of 1970, 1980 and 1990, identifying elements that had contributed for the growth of the Lagoa Nova quarter, capital one of the Rio Grande do Norte state. Ahead of the sped up growth of the urban centers, many times is not given to analyze which law had taken care of to its objective, and which the imperfections that had appeared during the application of these laws. To make the comparisons in you square them chosen at there distantinct times made possible to analyze the form as the ground of Lagoa Nova absorbed the proposals laws.Therefore toanalyze influences it of the Managing Plans, to make comparatives analyses between the urbanistics condicion, made possible to understand that the fabric urban of the quarter of Lagoa Nova is a true granary of information that it makes possible to the dedicated ones to the urban studies, a true field of analysis

O BAIRRO DA CIDADE NOVA NO RIO DE JANEIRO: A ORGANIZA����O ESPACIAL E SEGREGA����O URBANA NA SEGUNDA METADE DO S��CULO XIX.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a organiza����o espacial e a segrega����o urbana de um trecho da periferia pr��xima ao centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que permaneceu isolado por quase duzentos anos. Ap��s este per��odo, o mangue, que caracterizava a ��rea, foi aterrado e no espa��o por ele ocupado foi edificado um novo bairro, a Cidade Nova, a partir da segunda metade do s��culo XIX. Esta forma natural, o Mangal de S��o Diogo, estava situada entre o n��cleo urbano primitivo, a Cidade Velha, e uma sesmaria jesu��tica. Apesar de n��o se encontrar dentro dos limites da propriedade inaciana, o Mangal era ciosamente defendido pelos religiosos que impediam de todas as maneiras que ele fosse adentrado pelos membros da C��mara e pela popula����o que nele n��o podia pescar ou explorar a sua vegeta����o, sob pena de excomunh��o. Assim, o Mangal permaneceu praticamente intocado por s��culos, sendo finalmente ocupado ap��s a expuls��o dos jesu��tas em 1759. A edifica����o tardia do bairro, a partir de 1850, vai se refletir sobre a sua organiza����o espacial, fun����es e nas classes sociais que ir��o ocup��lo.

O RITMO CLIM��TICO E AS PERCEP����ES DO HOMEM URBANO E RURAL DO MUNIC��PIO DE RIO CLARO ��� SP

Com objetivo de verificar como o homem urbano e rural, do munic��pio de Rio Claro ��� SP, percebem as varia����es do tempo meteorol��gico, o ritmo clim��tico e suas influ��ncias, o estudo estruturou-se atrav��s de duas abordagens, uma climatol��gica e outra da percep����o. Na primeira, analisa a diversidade das situa����es atmosf��ricas sucedidas em um m��s de inverno (julho de 2008) e um de ver��o (janeiro de 2009), utilizando-se a t��cnica de an��lise r��tmica. Na segunda, observa a percep����o clim��tica dos mun��cipes com base em dados obtidos a partir da aplica����o de oitenta formul��rios de entrevista. Verificou-se a percep����o das caracter��sticas de sazonalidade do munic��pio e constatou-se, tanto na ��rea urbana quanto na ��rea rural, que tipos de tempo chuvosos e/ou frios s��o os mais previs��veis empiricamente, sendo a varia����o termo-higrom��trica o principal fator observado atrav��s da atmosfera ou das altera����es fisiol��gicas dos indiv��duos.

A DIN��MICA HIDROL��GICA NA BACIA DO ALTO CURSO DO RIO UBERABINHA EM UBERABA, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

A chegada da agricultura moderna na bacia do alto curso do Rio Uberabinha ap��s a d��cada de 1970 e o crescimento desordenado das cidades na regi��o do Tri��ngulo Mineiro s��o os principais respons��veis pelas altera����es no uso e ocupa����o do solo, com reflexos nas din��micas h��dricas superficiais e subsuperficiais e, possivelmente, trazendo conseq����ncias negativas para a recarga da sua zona saturada fre��tica. A pesquisa tem buscado o entendimento da din��mica da paisagem, na bacia do alto curso do Rio Uberabinha, dando ��nfase aos recursos h��dricos. O objetivo principal �� compreender a din��mica h��drica superficial e subsuperficial e sua rela����o com uso e ocupa����o do solo. Para a compreens��o da din��mica hidrol��gica, a bacia foi considerada como um sistema integrado em rela����es condicionadas por diversos componentes como: a din��mica clim��tica, a estrutura geol��gica, a estrutura pedol��gica, os aspectos geomorfol��gicos e as a����es antr��picas. Nesta pesquisa, pelo seu car��ter geogr��fico, optou-se pelos m��todos propostos por Ab���S��ber 1969 e Libault 1971 adaptados aos objetivos propostos. Est��o sendo pesquisados e quantificados os processos que interferem na din��mica h��drica da ��rea. A partir dos resultados obtidos, ser��o elaboradas alternativas e propostas para a utiliza����o dos recursos h��dricos na bacia do Alto Uberabinha com o intuito de promover a otimiza����o da recarga dos aq����feros locais e regionais.

A IMPORT��NCIA DA GERA����O DO FATOR TOPOGR��FICO (LS) DA EUPS PARA MODELAGEM EROSIVA DE BACIA HIDROGR��FICA

A eros��o �� um grande problema para a sociedade e resulta em problemas ambientais e econ��micos. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e identificar, atrav��s da elabora����o e interpreta����o do Mapa de Fator Topogr��fico (Fator LS) da EUPS (Equa����o Universal de Perdas de Solo) em ambiente computacional, setores potencialmente suscept��veis aos processos erosivos na Bacia do C��rrego Ibitinga na cidade de Rio Claro (Brasil - SP). Nos procedimentos metodol��gicos, �� utilizada a abordagem sist��mica, onde o relevo e os seus componentes s��o analisados de forma integrada. Para a elabora����o da Carta �� necess��ria a cria����o das Cartas de Extens��o de Vertentes e Classes de Declividade e, posteriormente cruzamento em ambiente GIS, produzindo a Carta de Fator Topogr��fico que indica os setores mais suscept��veis �� din��mica erosiva. Observou-se que as linhas de cumeada s��o suaves e possuem baixas vulnerabilidades erosivas. No entanto, uma ruptura topogr��fica representa uma diferencia����o erosiva e aumento da declividade, gerando suscetibilidade do setor �� eros��o. Este maior potencial de eros��o produz-se nos altos cursos d' ��gua e tamb��m acompanhando toda a linha de ruptura topogr��fica que contorna o lado esquerdo do curso principal.

Din��mica de crescimento de Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) na Floresta Atl��ntica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: fenologia, atividade cambial e dendrocronologia

Ao longo do s��culo XX, poucos estudos de dendrocronologia foram desenvolvidos com esp��cies de ambientes tropicais, em fun����o da cren��a de que as condi����es clim��ticas nessas regi��es n��o apresentavam varia����es suficientemente marcantes e regulares para induzir um ritmo anual de crescimento radial. A realiza����o de trabalhos sobre esse tema nas ��ltimas d��cadas revelou que a forma����o de an��is de crescimento anuais nos tr��picos pode estar associada a fatores diversos, como: exist��ncia de esta����o seca bem definida, ocorr��ncia de inunda����es sazonais, respostas ao comportamento fenol��gico, respostas ao fotoper��odo e a ritmos end��genos. O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender a din��mica de crescimento radial de uma esp��cie da Mata Atl��ntica se desenvolvendo em ambiente natural. Para tanto, prop��s-se: i) investigar a periodicidade da atividade cambial e dos fatores que a influenciam; ii) estimar a idade e taxa de crescimento diam��trico e iii) correlacionar os fatores ambientais com os an��is de crescimento, em indiv��duos de Cedrela odorata L. Para o estudo da atividade cambial, foram obtidas amostras de caule a 1,30 m do solo, contendo periderme, faixa cambial e xilema e floema secund��rios, por m��todos n��o destrutivos. A fenologia vegetativa e a frutifica����o dos indiv��duos amostrados foram acompanhadas durante todo o per��odo do experimento. O material coletado foi processado segundo t��cnicas usuais em Anatomia Vegetal e analisado sob microscopia ��ptica e de fluoresc��ncia. Os dados de fotoper��odo, precipita����o, temperatura e fenologia vegetativa foram correlacionados �� atividade cambial. Para o estudo dos an��is de crescimento, as coletas tamb��m foram realizadas a 1,30 m do solo, por meio de sonda de Pressler. As amostras obtidas foram polidas e analisadas sob microsc��pio estereosc��pio, para demarca����o e aferi����o do n��mero de an��is de crescimento, e a largura dos an��is foi mensurada para a determina����o das taxas de crescimento radial. A s��rie hist��rica de temperatura e precipita����o foi correlacionada �� cronologia dos an��is de crescimento. Os resultados indicaram que a atividade cambial segue um ritmo anual de crescimento, correlacionado �� sazonalidade do fotoper��odo, da precipita����o e da fenologia vegetativa. A an��lise dos an��is de crescimento permitiu estimar a idade dos indiv��duos e determinar a taxa m��dia de incremento e as taxas de incremento diam��trico acumulado e incremento m��dio anual para a esp��cie no s��tio de estudo. Os dados de incremento radial evidenciaram a aus��ncia de rela����o entre a idade e o di��metro das ��rvores. A an��lise da varia����o na largura dos an��is n��o apresentou correla����es significativas com os fatores clim��ticos analisados.