Time Variable Gravity: Contributions of GOCE Satellite Data to Monthly and Bi-monthly GRACE Gravity Estimates

A feasibility study by Pail et al. (Can GOCE help to improve temporal gravity field estimates? In: Ouwehand L (ed) Proceedings of the 4th International GOCE User Workshop, ESA Publication SP-696, 2011b) shows that GOCE (‘Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer’) satellite gravity gradiometer (SGG) data in combination with GPS derived orbit data (satellite-to-satellite tracking: SST-hl) can be used to stabilize and reduce the striping pattern of a bi-monthly GRACE (‘Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment’) gravity field estimate. In this study several monthly (and bi-monthly) combinations of GRACE with GOCE SGG and GOCE SST-hl data on the basis of normal equations are investigated. Our aim is to assess the role of the gradients (solely) in the combination and whether already one month of GOCE observations provides sufficient data for having an impact in the combination. The estimation of clean and stable monthly GOCE SGG normal equations at high resolution ( >  d/o 150) is found to be difficult, and the SGG component, solely, does not show significant added value to monthly and bi-monthly GRACE gravity fields. Comparisons of GRACE-only and combined monthly and bi-monthly solutions show that the striping pattern can only be reduced when using both GOCE observation types (SGG, SST-hl), and mainly between d/o 45 and 60.

Ḥamiššā ḥūmšê Tôrā bi-lšôn aškenaz : ṣe'ênā û-re'ênā benôt Ṣiyyôn bā-ʿaṭārā

še-ʿiṭṭēr lākem ... Yaʿaqôv Ben- ... Yiṣḥāq ... mi-... Yānôw

Ḥamiššā ḥûmše tôrā bi-lešôn aškenaz : ṣe'ênā û-re'ênā benôt Ṣiyyôn ...

še-ʿittēr lākem ... Yaʿaqōv Ben- ... Yiṣḥāq mi-... Yānôw

Môdāʿā : als bi-šenas 579 di zogenannṭe Tefillā ʿal šabbat ... hier eršiene ...

... Jitzḥak B. ... Jaakov Bernaim

Die In zehen Jahren zum zweitenmal mit Feuer heimgesuchte Juden-Gaß : da nemlich 1711 den 14. Jan. des Abends um 8 Uhr, biß den andern Tag des Abends, die gantze biß auf den kleinsten Splitter, zu einem Aschen-Hauffen wurde ; In diesem 1721sten Jahr ... entstund abermal eine entsetzliche Feuers-Brunst ...

[I. B. G. ?] [[Elektronische Ressource]]

Reconciling two alternative mechanisms behind bi-decadal variability in the North Atlantic

Understanding the preferential timescales of variability in the North Atlantic, usually associated with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), is essential for the prospects for decadal prediction. However, the wide variety of mechanisms proposed from the analysis of climate simulations, potentially dependent on the models themselves, has stimulated the debate of which processes take place in reality. One mechanism receiving increasing attention, identified both in idealized models and observations, is a westward propagation of subsurface buoyancy anomalies that impact the AMOC through a basin-scale intensification of the zonal density gradient, enhancing the northward transport via thermal wind balance. In this study, we revisit a control simulation from the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Coupled Model 5A (IPSL-CM5A), characterized by a strong AMOC periodicity at 20 years, previously explained by an upper ocean–atmosphere–sea ice coupled mode driving convection activity south of Iceland. Our study shows that this mechanism interacts constructively with the basin-wide propagation in the subsurface. This constructive feedback may explain why bi-decadal variability is so intense in this coupled model as compared to others.

Sifre-ḥinukh ṿe-sifre-yeladim she-nidpesu be-Erets-Yiśraʼel bi-shenot 650 - 688 : bibliyografyah

me-et Avraham Yaʿari

Mivḥar ha-shirah ha-ʿIvrit : le-mi-yom ḥatom ketave ha-ḳodesh ʿad-gelot Yiśraʾel me-ʿal adamat Sefarad bi-shenat 5252

arukh u-metukan ʿal-yede Ḥayim Berodi ... Meʾir Ṿiner

Sidur safa brura mesudār bi-shelmut ha-sidur u-meduyq be-taklît ha-diyyûq

mē'ēt Wôlf ... îsh Haydnhaym [[Elektronische Ressource]]

Hilkhot tefilin : ʿim haʿataḳah bi-leshon Ashkenazi ; u-ḳeraʾatiha be-shem Tsefirat tifʾarah

me-iti ... Ḥayim Mikhaʾel Ḳoppenhagen ...

Deß Cometen Lauff Anno 1680 von 4, 14 Novemb. biß zum 24 Novemb., 4 Decemb.

Zu Coburg observirt von Gottfried Kirch

Kurtzer Bericht von dem Cometen und dessen Lauff : Welcher gestalt derselbe den 4, 14. Decembris des vorigen 1664. Jahrs in Rom gesehen, und daselbst von gemeltem Dato an, biß auf den 20, 20 desselben Monats observiret werden können ; Gegeben zu Rom 3. Jan. 1665

Athanasius Kircherus

Warhaffte und eigentliche Erzehlung Deß, durch Eroberung der festen Dardanellen, Patrasso und Lepanto, Ruhm-erhöheten Siegs-Glücks Venetianischer Waffen : vom 21. biß 26. Julii st. n. 1687

Bibliogr. Nachweis: Drugulin 3248