Genome-Wide Survey of SNP Variation Uncovers the Genetic Structure of Cattle Breeds

The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled from six additional breeds were used to develop probes to interrogate 37,470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 497 cattle from 19 geographically and biologically diverse breeds. These data show that cattle have undergone a rapid recent decrease in effective population size from a very large ancestral population, possibly due to bottlenecks associated with domestication, selection, and breed formation. Domestication and artificial selection appear to have left detectable signatures of selection within the cattle genome, yet the current levels of diversity within breeds are at least as great as exists within humans.

Interaction between arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II receptors in the central regulation of sodium balance

We speculated that the influence of lateral preoptic area (LPO) in sodium balance, involves arginine(8)-vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin (ANG II) on Na+ uptake in LPO. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of central administration of specific AVP and ANG 11 antagonists (d(CH2)(5)-Tyr (Me)-AVP (AAVP) and [Adamanteanacetyl(1), 0-ET-D-Tyr(2), Val(4), Aminobutyryl(6), Arg(8.9)]-AVP (ATAVP) antagonists of V-1 and V-2 receptors of AVP. Also the effects of losartan and CGP42112A (selective ligands of the AT(1) and AT(2) angiotensin receptors, respectively), was investigated on Na+ uptake and renal fluid and electrolyte excretion. After an acclimatization period of 7 days, the animals were maintained under tribromoethanol (200 mg/kg body weight, intraperitonial) anesthesia and placed in a Kopf stereotaxic instrument. Stainless guide cannula was implanted into the LPO. AAVP and ATAVP injected into the LPO prior to AVP produced a reduction in the NaCl intake. Both the AT(1) and AT(2) ligands administered into the LPO elicited a decrease in the NaCl intake induced by AVP injected into the LPO. AVP injection into the LPO increased sodium renal excretion, but this was reduced by prior AAVP administration. The ATAVP produced a decreased in the natriuretic effect of AVP. The losartan injected into LPO previous to AVP decreased the sodium excretion and the CGP 421122A also decreased the natriuretic effect of AVP. The AVP produced an antidiuresis effect that was inhibited by prior administration into LPO of the ATAVP. The AAVP produced no change in the antidiuretic effect of AVP. These results suggest that LPO are implicated in sodium balance that is mediated by V-1, V-2, AT(2) and AT(2) receptors. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Influence of arginine vasopressin receptors and angiotensin receptor subtypes on the water intake and arterial blood pressure induced by vasopressin injected into the lateral septal area of the rat

In this study we investigated the influence of d(CH2)(5)-Tyr(Me)-[Arg(8)]vasopressin (AAVP) and [adamanteanacetyl(1),0-ET-DTyr(2), Val(4), aminobutyryl(6), Arg(8,9)]-[Arg(8)]vasopressin (ATAVP), which are antagonists of vasopressin V-1 and V-2 receptors, and the effects of losartan, a selective angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist, and CGP42112A, a selective AT(2) receptor antagonist, injected into the lateral septal area (LSA) on thirst and hypertension induced by [Arg(8)]vasopressin (AVP). AAVP and ATAVP injected into the LSA reduced the drinking responses elicited by injecting AVP into the LSA. Both the AT(1) and AT(2) ligands administered into the LSA elicited a concentration-dependent decrease in the water intake induced by AVP injected into the LSA, but losartan was more effective than CGP42112A. The increase in MAP, due to injection of AVP into the LSA, was reduced by prior injection of AAVP from 18 +/- 1 to 6 +/- 1 mm Hg. Losartan injected into the LSA prior to AVP reduced the increase in MAP to 7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg. ATAVP and CGP42112A produced no changes in the pressor effect of AVP. These results suggest that the dipsogenic effects induced by injecting AVP into the LSA were mediated primarily by AT(1) receptors. However, doses of losartan were more effective when combined with CGP42112A than when given alone, suggesting that the thirst induced by AVP injections into LSA may involve activation of multiple AVP and angiotensin II receptor subtypes. The pressor response of AVP was reduced by losartan and by AAVP. CGP42112A and ATAVP did not change the AVP pressor response. These results suggest that facilitator effects of AVP on water intake are mediated through the activation of V-1 receptors and that the inhibitory effect requires V-2 receptors. The involvement of AT(1) and AT(2) receptors can be postulated. Based on the present findings, we suggest that the AVP in the LSA may play a role in the control of water and arterial blood pressure balance. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Laurdan Spectrum Decomposition as a Tool for the Analysis of Surface Bilayer Structure and Polarity: a Study with DMPG, Peptides and Cholesterol

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Analysis of plant LTR-retrotransposons at the fine-scale family level reveals individual molecular patterns

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização filogenética de amostras do vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) do Estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cytogenetic Mapping of rRNAs and Histone H3 Genes in 14 Species of Dichotomius ( Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) Beetles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored Neotropical catfishes Hypoptopomatinae and Neoplecostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Differentiation of the XY Sex Chromosomes in the Fish Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae): Unusual Accumulation of Repetitive Sequences on the X Chromosome

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characterisation of the chromosome fusions in Oreochromis karongae

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cytogenetic Mapping of 5S and 18S rRNAs and H3 Histone Genes in 4 Ancient Proscopiidae Grasshopper Species: Contribution to Understanding the Evolutionary Dynamics of Multigene Families

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparative cytogenetic mapping of Sox2 and Sox14 in cichlid fishes and inferences on the genomic organization of both genes in vertebrates

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genus Paracoccidioides: Species Recognition and Biogeographic Aspects

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sperm of Doradidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural characterization of a new acylpolyaminetoxin from the venom of Brazilian garden spider Nephilengys cruentata

Mario Sergio Palma, Yasuhiro Itagaki, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Hideo Naoki and Terumi Nakajima. Structural characterization of a new acylpolpaminetoxin from the venom of Brazilian garden spider Nephilengys: cruentata. Toxicon 36, 455-493, 1998.-The use of mass spectrometry, in which high-energy CID and charge remote fragmentation both of protonated and sodium-attached molecular ions was applied, afforded the structural elucidation of a new acylgolyaminetoxin with M-W= 801 da from the venom of the Brazilian garden spider Nephilengys cruentata. In spite of having the same M-W of the NPTX-2, previously described in the venom of the Joro spider Nephila clavata, neither toxins are isomers. In order to differentiate them by using the most usual nomenclature, the new toxin was named NPTX-801C and the NPTX-2 was renamed to NPTX-801E. Both toxins have as common structure the 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetyl-asparaginyl-cadaveryl moiety in their molecules and their structure may be represented in a simplified way: NPTX-801E is HO-indole-Asn-Cad-Pta-Orn-Arg and NPTX-801C is HO-indole-Asn-Cad-Gly-Put-Pta-Pta. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.