898 resultados para Analgesia Controlada pelo Paciente (PCA)


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tratar-se-á de um estudo metodológico, com abordagem quantitativa; baseado no referencial metodológico da técnica Delphi, com objetivo de construir e validar um protocolo clínico para assistência do enfermeiro ao paciente séptico na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. A proposta metodológica seguiu duas etapas: elaboração do instrumento por meio da revisão integrativa da literatura e validação de conteúdo do protocolo. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, mediante o Parecer CAAE 41873314.5.0000.5537. O universo amostral foi composto por profissionais enfermeiros, considerados peritos, doutores ou mestres na área da saúde, com experiência em alta complexidade e/ ou estudos de validação de instrumento/protocolo, selecionados por meio da Plataforma Lattes. Referente à primeira etapa elaborou-se um instrumento composto pela caracterização profissional dos peritos; e baseado em evidência científica e nas diretrizes do Surviving Sepsis Campaign, contemplando três tópicos assistenciais ao paciente com sepse, a saber: Triagem para Sepse- Reconhecimento das Manifestações Clínicas; Pacote de Ressuscitação Inicial (Controle das Primeiras 6 Horas); Tratamento de Suporte. A segunda etapa caracterizou-se na validação de conteúdo do instrumento para elaboração final do protocolo, utilizando à técnica Delphi, em duas fases. No que concernem as variáveis referentes ao estudo, na 1ª fase de Delphi, 34 peritos avaliaram o instrumento composto por 18 itens, no período de maio a julho de 2015, e os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva (frequência, média, mediana e desvio padrão) e pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), demonstrando um IVC extremamente satisfatório para 15 itens, com total de 0,79, obtendo assim, a reformulação e refinamento do conteúdo do instrumento. Na segunda fase de Delphi, entre julho e agosto de 2015, participaram 26 peritos, e utilizou-se o percentual de concordância acima de 75% para as variáveis consideradas pertinentes ao protocolo de cuidados ao paciente séptico em UTI, obtendo nesta fase, o percentual de concordância de 95%. O protocolo foi concluído com 15 itens, sendo respaldado e modificado, baseado em evidência científica, nas diretrizes internacionais e nas sugestões dos peritos. A utilização do protocolo proposto poderá contribuir para a prática clínica do enfermeiro ao paciente séptico na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tratar-se-á de um estudo metodológico, com abordagem quantitativa; baseado no referencial metodológico da técnica Delphi, com objetivo de construir e validar um protocolo clínico para assistência do enfermeiro ao paciente séptico na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. A proposta metodológica seguiu duas etapas: elaboração do instrumento por meio da revisão integrativa da literatura e validação de conteúdo do protocolo. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, mediante o Parecer CAAE 41873314.5.0000.5537. O universo amostral foi composto por profissionais enfermeiros, considerados peritos, doutores ou mestres na área da saúde, com experiência em alta complexidade e/ ou estudos de validação de instrumento/protocolo, selecionados por meio da Plataforma Lattes. Referente à primeira etapa elaborou-se um instrumento composto pela caracterização profissional dos peritos; e baseado em evidência científica e nas diretrizes do Surviving Sepsis Campaign, contemplando três tópicos assistenciais ao paciente com sepse, a saber: Triagem para Sepse- Reconhecimento das Manifestações Clínicas; Pacote de Ressuscitação Inicial (Controle das Primeiras 6 Horas); Tratamento de Suporte. A segunda etapa caracterizou-se na validação de conteúdo do instrumento para elaboração final do protocolo, utilizando à técnica Delphi, em duas fases. No que concernem as variáveis referentes ao estudo, na 1ª fase de Delphi, 34 peritos avaliaram o instrumento composto por 18 itens, no período de maio a julho de 2015, e os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva (frequência, média, mediana e desvio padrão) e pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), demonstrando um IVC extremamente satisfatório para 15 itens, com total de 0,79, obtendo assim, a reformulação e refinamento do conteúdo do instrumento. Na segunda fase de Delphi, entre julho e agosto de 2015, participaram 26 peritos, e utilizou-se o percentual de concordância acima de 75% para as variáveis consideradas pertinentes ao protocolo de cuidados ao paciente séptico em UTI, obtendo nesta fase, o percentual de concordância de 95%. O protocolo foi concluído com 15 itens, sendo respaldado e modificado, baseado em evidência científica, nas diretrizes internacionais e nas sugestões dos peritos. A utilização do protocolo proposto poderá contribuir para a prática clínica do enfermeiro ao paciente séptico na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study deals with the ethical and human aspects present in the teaching-learning process within the dentists' formation. It arises from the growing need for professionals involved with the quality of the services they provide for the population in health care centers. In this research a qualitative approach was used and data was obtained by means of focal groups, interviews and participative observation. The sample consisted of 28 dentistry students and 33 patients attended at the dentistry course. According to the results, it was shown that the main problems are the excess of authority in the teacher-student-patient relationship and the dissociation of the body-mind-spirit as seen in the biomedical model health practice. These findings show the future professionals' insufficient abilities for developing a satisfactory relationship with their patients and the need of considering these aspects during their formation.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study deals with the ethical and human aspects present in the teaching-learning process within the dentists' formation. It arises from the growing need for professionals involved with the quality of the services they provide for the population in health care centers. In this research a qualitative approach was used and data was obtained by means of focal groups, interviews and participative observation. The sample consisted of 28 dentistry students and 33 patients attended at the dentistry course. According to the results, it was shown that the main problems are the excess of authority in the teacher-student-patient relationship and the dissociation of the body-mind-spirit as seen in the biomedical model health practice. These findings show the future professionals' insufficient abilities for developing a satisfactory relationship with their patients and the need of considering these aspects during their formation.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Technological advances combined with healthcare assistance bring increased risks related to patient safety, causing health institutions to be environments susceptible to losses in the provided care. Sectors of high complexity, such as Intensive Care Units have such characteristics highlighted due to being spaces designed for the care of patients in serious medical condition, when the use of advanced technological devices becomes a necessity. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess nursing care from the perspective of patient safety in intensive care units. This is an evaluative research, which combines various forms of data collection and analysis in order to conduct a deepened investigation. Data collection occurred in loco, from April to July 2014 in hospitals equipped with adult intensive care unit services. For this, a checklist instrument and semi-structured interviews conducted with patients, families, professionals were used in order to evaluate the structure-process-outcome triad. The instrument for nursing care assessment regarding Patient Safety included 97 questions related to structure and processes. Interviews provided data for outcome analysis. The selection of interviewees/participants was based on the willingness of potential participants. The following methods were used to collect data resulting from the instrument: statistical analysis of inter-rater reliability measure known as kappa (K); observations from judges resulting from the observation process; and added information obtained from the literature on the thematic. Data analysis from the interviews was carried out with IRAMUTEQ software, which used Descending Hierarchical Classification and Similarity analysis to aid in data interpretation. Research steps followed the ethical principles presented by Resolution No. 466 of December 12, 2012, and the results were presented in three manuscripts: 1) Evaluation of patient safety in Intensive Care Units: a focus on structure; 2) Health evaluation processes: a nursing care perspective on patient safety; 3) Patient safety in intensive care units: perception of nurses, family members and patients. The first article, related to the structure, refers to the use of 24 items of the employed instrument, showing that most of the findings were not aligned with the adequacy standards, which indicates poor conditions in structures offered in health services. The second article provides an analysis of the pillar of Processes, with the use of 73 items of the instrument, showing that 50 items did not meet the required standards for safe handling due to the absence of adequate scientific guidance and effective communication in nursing care process. For the third article, results indicate that intensive care units were safe places, yet urges for changes, especially in the physical structure and availability of materials and communication among professionals, patients and families. Therefore, our findings suggest that the nursing care being provided in the evaluated intensive care units contains troubling shortcomings with regards to patient safety, thereby evidencing an insecure setting for the assistance offered, in addition to a need for urgent measures to remedy the identified inadequacies with appropriate structures and implement protocols and care guidelines in order to consolidate an environment more favorable to patient safety.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Leishmania infantum is the main etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. The pattern of distribution of leishmaniasis has changed substantially and has presented an emerging profile within the periphery of the Large Urban Centers. Leishmania infection can compromise skin, mucosa and viscera. Only 10% of the individuals infected develop the disease and 90% of human infection is asymptomatic. The main factors involved in the development of the disease are the host immune response, the vector’s species and the parasite’s genetic content. The sequencing of Leishmania isolated seeks to increase the understanding of the symptoms of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of circulating Leishmania strains among humans, and symptomatic and asymptomatic, and dogs from endemic areas of Rio Grande do Norte State and analyze sandflies from endemic areas for cutaneous and visceral disease. The genetic variability was evaluated by the use of markers hsp70 , ITS1 and a whole genome sequencing was also carried out. The amplified hsp70 and ITS1 of samples were analyzed and assembled using a Phred / Phrap package. The dendograms were constructed using the same methodology, but adding 500 bootstraps, followed by inferences on the relationships between Leishmania variants. The sequences of the 20 Brazilian isolates were mapped to the reference genome L. infantum JPCM5, using the Bowtie2 program and the identification of 36 contigs. The information of the valid SNPs were used in the PCA. SNPs were visualized by Geneious 7.1 and IGV. The genome annotations were transferred to their respective chromosomes and displayed on Geneious. The matching sequences of all chromosomes were aligned using Mauve. The phylogenetic trees were calculated according to maximum likelihood and JTT models. Sandflies were analyzed by PCR for the identification of Leishmania infection, a blood meal source and GAPDH sand fly. As a result, hsp70 and ITS1 were not capable of identifying genetic variability among human isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic, and dogs. The complete sequencing of the 20 Brazilian isolates revealed a strong similarity between the circulating Leishmania strains in Rio Grande do Norte. The isolates collected in the city of Natal from humans and canines remained grouped in all analyzes, suggesting that there is genotypic and geographic proximity among the isolates. The isolated samples in the 1990s had a higher genotypic diversity when compared to freshly isolated samples. All isolates presented 36 chromosomes with variable ploidy among them, no correlation was found between the number of amastina genes copies, gp63, A2 and SSG with such clinic forms. In general, we did not find correlation between symptomatic and asymptomatic clinical forms and the gene content of the Brazilian isolates of Leishmania. 34,28% of the sandflies collected in the upper west region were L. longipalpis and the main sources of blood meal were humans, dogs and chickens.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Leishmania infantum is the main etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. The pattern of distribution of leishmaniasis has changed substantially and has presented an emerging profile within the periphery of the Large Urban Centers. Leishmania infection can compromise skin, mucosa and viscera. Only 10% of the individuals infected develop the disease and 90% of human infection is asymptomatic. The main factors involved in the development of the disease are the host immune response, the vector’s species and the parasite’s genetic content. The sequencing of Leishmania isolated seeks to increase the understanding of the symptoms of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of circulating Leishmania strains among humans, and symptomatic and asymptomatic, and dogs from endemic areas of Rio Grande do Norte State and analyze sandflies from endemic areas for cutaneous and visceral disease. The genetic variability was evaluated by the use of markers hsp70 , ITS1 and a whole genome sequencing was also carried out. The amplified hsp70 and ITS1 of samples were analyzed and assembled using a Phred / Phrap package. The dendograms were constructed using the same methodology, but adding 500 bootstraps, followed by inferences on the relationships between Leishmania variants. The sequences of the 20 Brazilian isolates were mapped to the reference genome L. infantum JPCM5, using the Bowtie2 program and the identification of 36 contigs. The information of the valid SNPs were used in the PCA. SNPs were visualized by Geneious 7.1 and IGV. The genome annotations were transferred to their respective chromosomes and displayed on Geneious. The matching sequences of all chromosomes were aligned using Mauve. The phylogenetic trees were calculated according to maximum likelihood and JTT models. Sandflies were analyzed by PCR for the identification of Leishmania infection, a blood meal source and GAPDH sand fly. As a result, hsp70 and ITS1 were not capable of identifying genetic variability among human isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic, and dogs. The complete sequencing of the 20 Brazilian isolates revealed a strong similarity between the circulating Leishmania strains in Rio Grande do Norte. The isolates collected in the city of Natal from humans and canines remained grouped in all analyzes, suggesting that there is genotypic and geographic proximity among the isolates. The isolated samples in the 1990s had a higher genotypic diversity when compared to freshly isolated samples. All isolates presented 36 chromosomes with variable ploidy among them, no correlation was found between the number of amastina genes copies, gp63, A2 and SSG with such clinic forms. In general, we did not find correlation between symptomatic and asymptomatic clinical forms and the gene content of the Brazilian isolates of Leishmania. 34,28% of the sandflies collected in the upper west region were L. longipalpis and the main sources of blood meal were humans, dogs and chickens.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

El concepto de seguridad en el uso de los medicamentos ha experimentado importantes cambios en los últimos años. La complejidad en el sistema de utilización de los mismos es cada vez mayor, lo que supone un incremento de posibles errores. Un elevado porcentaje de estos errores son prevenibles y la concienciación del personal sanitario desempeña un papel fundamental en la promoción de prácticas de seguridad efectivas que contribuyan a disminuir su incidencia. Se denominan “medicamentos de alto riesgo” aquellos que cuando se utilizan incorrectamente presentan un gran riesgo de causar daños graves o incluso mortales a los pacientes. Por ello, los medicamentos de alto riesgo son objetivo prioritario de las recomendaciones de mejora de la seguridad clínica desarrolladas por organismos expertos en seguridad del paciente. Los sedantes moderados, los opiáceos y los agonistas adrenérgicos para administración intravenosa, todos ellos utilizados en el manejo de pacientes ingresados en Unidades de Medicina Intensiva, están incluidos en la relación de medicamentos de alto riesgo del Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). La estandarización de los medicamentos de alto riesgo se encuentra entre las prácticas seguras que se recomienda implantar en los hospitales de forma prioritaria. Se aconseja implantar prácticas específicas dirigidas a mejorar la seguridad que consisten fundamentalmente en simplificar y estandarizar procedimientos. La utilización de protocolos y la centralización de la preparación de mezclas intravenosas de este tipo de medicamentos en el Servicio de Farmacia (SF), se encuentran entre estas medidas. Por otro lado, las Unidades de Vigilancia Intensiva son un entorno de trabajo complejo donde el riesgo de que se produzca un error de medicación es cercano al 10% por día, siendo los pacientes críticos particularmente sensibles a sus consecuencias. Considerando este contexto, está justificado el desarrollo de un proyecto orientado a fomentar la elaboración y uso de protocolos de medicamentos de alto riesgo que ayuden a disminuir la variabilidad de la práctica clínica en el manejo del paciente crítico, aumentando así la seguridad en su utilización...

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Nesse estudo, abordamos o tema do controle da subjetividade da criança e as implicaçoes que esse controle traz para o mundo de movimentos da criança, em especial sobre o seu "brincar e se-movimentar". Chamamos a atençao para uma visao "adultocêntrica" da infância, a qual, muitas vezes, desconsidera os verdadeiros interesses dos pequenos, privilegiando uma preparaçao para a vida futura. Consideramos que a valorizaçao do brincar livre e espontâneo pode nos auxiliar a entender melhor a própria criança. Aos adultos (pais e professores) cabe o papel de configurar espaços de abertura para esses momentos. Nao se trata de estabelecer formas e brincadeiras pré-moldadas, nem de dirigir todos os acontecimentos, mas de possibilitar à criança conhecer pelo seu brincar

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Nesse estudo, abordamos o tema do controle da subjetividade da criança e as implicaçoes que esse controle traz para o mundo de movimentos da criança, em especial sobre o seu "brincar e se-movimentar". Chamamos a atençao para uma visao "adultocêntrica" da infância, a qual, muitas vezes, desconsidera os verdadeiros interesses dos pequenos, privilegiando uma preparaçao para a vida futura. Consideramos que a valorizaçao do brincar livre e espontâneo pode nos auxiliar a entender melhor a própria criança. Aos adultos (pais e professores) cabe o papel de configurar espaços de abertura para esses momentos. Nao se trata de estabelecer formas e brincadeiras pré-moldadas, nem de dirigir todos os acontecimentos, mas de possibilitar à criança conhecer pelo seu brincar

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Nesse estudo, abordamos o tema do controle da subjetividade da criança e as implicaçoes que esse controle traz para o mundo de movimentos da criança, em especial sobre o seu ?brincar e se-movimentar?. Chamamos a atençao para uma visao ?adultocêntrica? da infância, a qual, muitas vezes, desconsidera os verdadeiros interesses dos pequenos, privilegiando uma preparaçao para a vida futura.Consideramos que a valorizaçao do brincar livre e espontâneo pode nos auxiliar a entender melhor a própria criança. Aos adultos (pais e professores) cabe o papel de configurar espaços de abertura para esses momentos. Nao se trata de estabelecer formas e brincadeiras pré-moldadas, nem de dirigir todos os acontecimentos, mas de possibilitar à criança conhecer pelo seu brincar