Hygiene and biosecurity: the language and politics of risk in an era of emerging infectious diseases

Infectious diseases, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and avian influenza, have recently been high on the agenda of policy makers and the public. Although hygiene and biosecurity are preferred options for disease management, policy makers have become increasingly aware of the critical role that communication assumes in protecting people during outbreaks and epidemics. This article makes the case for a language-based approach to understanding the public perception of disease. Health language research carried out by the authors, based on metaphor analysis and corpus linguistics, has shown that concepts of journeys, pathways, thresholds, boundaries and barriers have emerged as principal framing devices used by stakeholders to advocate a hygiene based risk and disease management. These framings provide a common ground for debate, but lead to quite different perceptions and practices. This in turn might be a barrier to global disease management in a modern world.

Beyond the human genome: microbes, metaphors and what it means to be human in an interconnected post-genomic world

Four years after the completion of the Human Genome Project, the US National Institutes for Health launched the Human Microbiome Project on 19 December 2007. Using metaphor analysis, this article investigates reporting in English-language newspapers on advances in microbiomics from 2003 onwards, when the word “microbiome” was first used. This research was said to open up a “new frontier” and was conceived as a “second human genome project”, this time focusing on the genomes of microbes that inhabit and populate humans rather than focusing on the human genome itself. The language used by scientists and by the journalists who reported on their research employed a type of metaphorical framing that was very different from the hyperbole surrounding the decipherment of the “book of life”. Whereas during the HGP genomic successes had been mainly framed as being based on a unidirectional process of reading off information from a passive genetic or genomic entity, the language employed to discuss advances in microbiomics frames genes, genomes and life in much more active and dynamic ways.

Ensaio sobre a cegueira : as regras do método jornalístico e a reprodução simbólica da realidade nos enquadramentos das notícias sobre a crise econômica em Portugal

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2014.

Hyperlinks in e-books : expanding the functionality of end-notes

With its powerful search engines and billions of published pages, the Worldwide Web has become the ultimate tool to explore the human experience. But, despite the advent of the digital revolution, e-books, at their core, have remained remarkably similar to their printed siblings. This has resulted in a clear dichotomy between two ways of reading: on one side, the multi-dimensional world of the Web; on the other, the linearity of books and e-books. My investigation of the literature indicates that the focus of attempts to merge these two modes of production, and hence of reading, has been the insertion of interactivity into fiction. As I will show in the Literature Review, a clear thrust of research since the early 1990s, and in my opinion the most significant, has concentrated on presenting the reader with choices that affect the plot. This has resulted in interactive stories in which the structure of the narrative can be altered by the reader of experimental fiction. The interest in this area of research is not surprising, as the interaction of readers with the fabric of the narrative provides a fertile ground for exploring, analysing, and discussing issues of plot consistency and continuity. I found in the literature several papers concerned with the effects of hyperlinking on literature, but none about how hyperlinked material and narrative could be integrated without compromising the narrative flow as designed by the author. It led me to think that the researchers had accepted hypertextuality and the linear organisation of fiction as being antithetical, thereby ignoring the possibility of exploiting the first while preserving the second. All the works I consulted were focussed on exploring the possibilities provided to authors (and readers) by hypertext or how hypertext literature affects literary criticism. This was true in earlier works by Landow and Harpold and remained true in later works by Bolter and Grusin. To quote another example, in his book Hypertext 3.0, Landow states: “Most who have speculated on the relation between hypertextuality and fiction concentrate [...] on the effects it will have on linear narrative”, and “hypertext opens major questions about story and plot by apparently doing away with linear organization” (Landow, 2006, pp. 220, 221). In other words, the authors have added narrative elements to Web pages, effectively placing their stories in a subordinate role. By focussing on “opening up” the plots, the researchers have missed the opportunity to maintain the integrity of their stories and use hyperlinked information to provide interactive access to backstory and factual bases. This would represent a missing link between the traditional way of reading, in which the readers have no influence on the path the author has laid out for them, and interactive narrative, in which the readers choose their way across alternatives, thereby, at least to a certain extent, creating their own path. It would be, to continue the metaphor, as if the readers could follow the main path created by the author while being able to get “sidetracked” into exploring hyperlinked material. In Hypertext 3.0, Landow refers to an “Axial structure [of hypertext] characteristic of electronic books and scholarly books with foot-and endnotes” versus a “Network structure of hypertext” (Landow, 2006, p. 70). My research aims at generalising the axial structure and extending it to fiction without losing the linearity at its core. In creative nonfiction, the introduction of places, scenes, and settings, together with characterisation, brings to life the facts without altering them; while much fiction draws on facts to provide a foundation, or narrative elements, for the work. But how can the reader distinguish between facts and representations? For example, to what extent do dialogues and perceptions present what was actually said and thought? Some authors of creative nonfiction use end-notes to provide comments and citations while minimising disruption the flow of the main text, but they are limited in scope and constrained in space. Each reader should be able to enjoy the narrative as if it were a novel but also to explore the facts at the level of detail s/he needs. For this to be possible, end-notes should provide a Web-like way of exploring in more detail what the author has already researched. My research aims to develop ways of integrating narrative prose and hyperlinked documents into a Hyperbook. Its goal is to create a new writing paradigm in which a story incorporates a gateway to detailed information. While creative nonfiction uses the techniques of fictional writing to provide reportage of actual events and fact-based fiction illuminates the affectual dimensions of what happened (e.g., Kate Grenville’s The Secret River and Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall), Hyperbooks go one step further and link narrative prose to the details of the events on which the narrative is based or, more in general, to information the reader might find of interest. My dissertation introduces and utilises Hyperbooks to engage in two parallel types of investigation Build knowledge about Italian WWII POWs held in Australia and present it as part of a novella in Hyperbook format. Develop a new piece of technology capable of extending the writing and reading process.

La compra de pintura por parte del maestro de obra: elementos cognitivos, afectivos, conductuales y de entorno

RESUMEN: A pesar del posicionamiento que la marca Pintuco tiene entre los consumidores, su participación en el mercado nacional viene cayendo en los últimos años. El presente trabajo aporta elementos para mejorar esta situación por medio de una mayor fidelización de los maestros de obra, en su calidad de influenciadores del proceso de compra de pintura. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores que influyen en este proceso y la relación que el maestro de obra tiene con la pintura a nivel cognitivo, afectivo, conductual y de entorno, usando técnicas como las metáforas de Zaltman, la cadena de medios y fines, y la observación etnográfica. El trabajo muestra que el maestro de obra se ve a sí mismo como un artista y un experto deseoso de compartir sus conocimientos con sus compañeros y ayudantes. También se identificaron los principales valores asociados a la pintura y a la labor de pintar, tales como el reconocimiento por parte de los clientes, la credibilidad, y la estabilidad para su familia al conseguir más clientes. Finalmente se vio un alto interés por el precio en el punto de venta. Es así como se proponen en tres estrategias para fidelizar a este grupo en torno a su experticia y necesidad de reconocimiento, estabilidad familiar y credibilidad: La Escuela del Maestro Pintuco, el plan de Maestro Recomendado Pintuco, y los Puntos de Venta Certificados Pintuco.

Caída y exilio como motivos en El sueño del ángel, de Gloria Elena Espinoza

Se muestra que la novela El sueño del ángel, de la nicaragüense Gloria Elena Espinoza, se articula narrativamente alrededor de una serie de caídas, que afectan a los personajes. Son caídas que abarcan varios niveles: el natural, el antropológico, el axiológico y el divino; además, es una caída planteada desde una perspectiva milenarista y apocalíptica, que manifiesta una visión del mundo terrenal como corrupto y en decadencia. Se señala la condición del ángel caído (o exiliado) como una metáfora de la condición humana, asociada al desarraigo y a la derrota.It is shown how the Nicaraguan novel El sueño del ángel [The angel's dream] by Gloria Elena Espinoza is narrated around a series of falls affecting the characters. These falls span several levels: natural, anthropological, axiological and divine. The falls are also seen from a millenary and apocalyptical perspective, which sets forth a view of life on earth as corrupt and decadent. The condition of the fallen (or exiled) angel is explored as a metaphor for the human condition, related to alienation and defeat.

Ampliação de movimentos na dança circular com pessoas com deficiência visual

This paper aims at studying how circular dance can afford to sight-disabled peoples movement and how they can learn to cope with the deep movement of relation, consciousness, appropriation and communion with the world. Inside circular dance, a cosmic metaphor, is inscribed the movement of the world, which tells and changes amorously the human history. In the works of Paulo Freire and Maurice Merleau-Ponty one can find the necessary support to discuss, as long as possible, movement and existence. Research-action is used as a methodological approach whose empirical center is placed on the Institute of Education and Rehabilitation of Blind, in Natal, which shelters eight sightdisabled adults. The research s data reveal that the practice of circular dance concurs to enlarge the movement of the research s subjects, to develop a more accurate perception of their selves and of their own capacities, as well as improve the relations Me/Others, Me/World, which require a context of differences. The study has revealed that the practice of dance develops a better perception of the limits and surpasses as a human condition and, in consequence, the discovery of one s own body and the other s body as a resource of lessons and representations of the self and of the world. It lets out the development of a new way of thinking and coping with discrimination surrounding the disabled persons. In movement, in circular dance, the barrier between sight disablement and vision loses force.

Circuito regional de performance BodeArte: encontros, coletividade e porítica na performance do Rio Grande do Norte

This dissertation aims to look into the structure of the event Circuito Regional de Performance BodeArte1 to think how it collaborate with its proposal providing theoretical points to relevant questions to the comprehension of Brazilian performance art in contemporaneity, since its conceptual format until its occurrence and practical limitations. From this proposition the dissertation is organized into three chapters guided for the following aspects: the resumption of the events encompassed on the occurrence of Circuit BodeArte as well as a tabulation of the data reunited in its history, the presentation of its conceptual choices, and the metaphors conducted by the use of the term performance and how they can lead us to the idea of a performance-as-BodeArte. The methodological structures moved for this organization are qualitative, and have been formed from printed materials, texts, festival programs, blog, videos, photos, interviews, lectures and forums, plus our own memory as a producer and performer of the event, looking through these set points of the epistemological organization contained on the proposal of the Circuito, expanding and discussing them. This way this research moves between the propositions of this event in its three editions, promoting discussions that dialogue with concepts such as the emergence of Steve Johnson (2004), the metaphors of thought proposed by Christine Greiner (2005), the idea of performance hacker of Maria Beatriz de Medeiros (AQUINO, et al., 2012), as well as other propositions presented by Jan Swidzinski (2005) and Eleonora Fabião (2012)

Sex group composition, social interaction, and metabolism in the fish Nile tilapia

O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar se grupos monossexuais de machos gastam mais energia e exibem perfil agonístico diferente de grupos formados por um macho e uma fêmea na tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Tais diferenças são esperadas, pois machos e fêmeas competem por diferentes recursos reprodutivos. Foram utilizadas duplas de machos (MM) e duplas de macho-fêmea (MF) que permaneceram pareadas por 40 minutos. Durante esse período foi feito o registro da interação agonística (10 minutos iniciais e 10 minutos finais do pareamento) e determinado o gasto energético (consumo de O2) pelo Método de Winckler. A latência para o início dos confrontos (média ± DP, MM = 27,40 ± 25,15 s; MF = 14,22 ± 21,19 s; Mann-Whitney, U = 33,50, P = 0,21) e a freqüência de todas as unidades comportamentais (média ± DP, MM < 72,30 ± 25,29; MF < 73,50 ± 21,65.10/min; Mann-Whitney, P > 0,10) foram semelhantes entre os grupos MM e MF nos 10 minutos iniciais. Isso indica que cada intruso foi considerado um potencial competidor no início da interação. No entanto, a freqüência de ondulação (interação também exibida durante a corte) foi maior para o residente do grupo MF nos 10 minutos finais (média ± DP, MM = 3,56 ± 5,89; MF = 8,56 ± 4,00.10/min; Mann-Whitney, U = 15,50, P = 0,01). A freqüência de fuga, entretanto, foi menor para o intruso do mesmo grupo (média ± DP, MM = 3,90 ± 4,33; MF = 0,44 ± 0,96.10/min; Mann-Whitney, U = 23,50, P = 0,04). Além disso, o perfil agonístico no grupo MM foi composto por um maior número de itens comportamentais do que o MF (para residentes e intrusos). Apesar das diferenças comportamentais, o consumo de O2 não foi afetado pela composição sexual do grupo (média ± DP, MM = 1,93 ± 0,54; MF = 1,77 ± 0,46 mgO2.g peso seco-1.40/min; t-teste de Student, t = 0,71, P = 0,49).

The effect of increased light intensity on the aggressive behavior of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

Animals show behavioral and physiological changes that emerge in response to environmental perturbations (i.e., emergency life-history stages). In this study, we investigate the effects of light intensity on aggressive encounters and social stability in groups of adult male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). The study compared the behavior observed under low (280.75 ± 50.60 lx) and high (1394.14 ± 520.32 lx) light intensities, with 12 replicates for each treatment. Adult fish were isolated in 36-L aquaria for 96 hours, and three males were grouped for 11 days in 140-L aquaria. Agonistic behavior was video-recorded (10 min/day) on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th day to quantify aggressive interactions and social stability. There was an effect of light intensity and day of observation on the total number of agonistic behaviors performed by the fish group. Besides, increased frequency of aggressive interactions (the sum of the four sessions) by the alpha, beta and gamma fish occurred at the higher light intensity. The dominance ranks of the fish remained unchanged across the observation sessions under both the low and high light intensities. We concluded that enhanced light intensity has a cumulative effect that increases the aggressiveness of the Nile tilapia but that this effect is not sufficiently strong to destabilize the social hierarchy.

Perfil conductual de las drogas de diseño MBDB, MDEA y PMA en modelos animales de agresión y ansiedad

MBDB, MDEA y PMA son tres drogas de diseño, estructuralmente similares al MDMA (“éxtasis”), que se han identificado en la composición de pastillas distribuidas como “éxtasis” en entornos recreativos durante los últimos treinta años. Estas feniletilaminas sintéticas presentan un perfil psicotrópico de tipo entactógeno (con capacidad para facilitar la proximidad, el contacto y la comunicación empática), similar al del MDMA en el modelo de discriminación de drogas. El MDMA ha sido objeto de un creciente interés científico y es, hasta la fecha, la única sustancia con un perfil entactógeno de la que se han investigado sus efectos conductuales en modelos animales de agresión y ansiedad, si bien sus resultados no siempre coinciden. Aunque existen algunas evidencias de que el MDMA puede tener efectos ansiolíticos en animales de laboratorio (Lin, Burden, Christie, & Johnston, 1999; Morley & McGregor, 2000; Ho, Pawlak, Guo, & Schwarting, 2004), en otros estudios se han observado alteraciones conductuales y correlatos neuroquímicos que sugieren un efecto ansiogénico (Bhattacharya, Bhattacharya & Ghosal, 1998; Gurtman, Morley, Li, Hunt, & McGregor, 2002; Maldonado & Navarro, 2000;; Navarro & Maldonado, 2002). Asimismo, en otros trabajos se ha señalado que el MDMA induce efectos antiagresivos (reducción de las conductas de amenaza y ataque), que se acompañan de un marcado aumento de las conductas de evitación/huida y defensa/sumisión, así como de una reducción de las conductas de investigación social, sugiriendo también la existencia de un perfil ansiogénico en los encuentros agonísticos entre ratones machos (Maldonado & Navarro, 2001; Navarro & Maldonado, 1999). En contraste, hasta la fecha la información experimental de las drogas MBDB, MDEA y PMA se limita a la evaluación de sus efectos conductuales sobre la conducta motora, así como algunos estudios sobre su metabolismo y posible mecanismo de acción. El objetivo general de este trabajo de investigación ha sido estudiar el perfil conductual de MBDB, MDEA y PMA en modelos animales de agresión y ansiedad. Para ello, se han examinado los efectos del MBDB (2, 4 y 8 mg/kg), MDEA (5, 10 y 20 mg/kg) y PMA (2, 4, 8 y 12 mg/kg) utilizando el modelo de agresión inducida por aislamiento y el modelo de ansiedad del laberinto elevado en cruz en ratones machos. Los resultados indican que estas sustancias en general comparten un perfil antiagresivo inespecífico. Esta falta de especificidad se debe en unos casos al aumento de las conductas de inmovilidad (4-12 mg/kg PMA), pero también a la presencia de propiedades ansiogénicas durante la interacción social, en especial con dosis elevadas, mientras que solo las dosis más bajas parecen aumentar la proximidad social, en especial la dosis menor de MBDB. Además, estas drogas parecen alterar el patrón conductual agonístico ofensivo (MBDB y MDEA) y defensivo (MBDB, MDEA y PMA), produciendo cambios diádicos que resultan coherentes con un aumento del nivel de conflicto y de ansiedad. En consonancia, los resultados del modelo del laberinto elevado en cruz indican que el MBDB produce un aumento de la ansiedad de menor intensidad que el producido por el MDMA. Sin embargo, MDEA y PMA parecen generar un estado de hipoexploración, y solo en dosis determinadas (20 mg/kg de MDEA y 4 mg/kg de PMA) muestran alteraciones discretas que sugieren un efecto ansiogénico débil, un perfil que en conjunto podría sugerir cierta similitud con alteraciones conductuales propias de los compuestos alucinógenos. Debido a la diferencia del perfil conductual del MDEA y PMA hallados en ambos modelos, sería necesario evaluar la ansiedad y su posible relación con la dosis y/o con la presencia de un oponente en la prueba en otros modelos experimentales. Lin, H. Q., Burden, P. M., Christie, M. J., & Johnston, G. A. R. (1999). The anxiogenic-like and anxiolytic-like effects of MDMA on mice in the elevated plus-maze: A comparison with amphetamine. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 62(3), 403-408. Morley, K. C., & McGregor, I. S. (2000). (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') increases social interaction in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 408(1), 41-49. Bhattacharya, S. K., Bhattacharya, A., & Ghosal, S. (1998). Anxiogenic activity of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy): An experimental study. Biogenic Amines, 14(3), 217-237. Gurtman, C. G., Morley, K. C., Li, K. M., Hunt, G. E., & McGregor, I. S. (2002). Increased anxiety in rats after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine: Association with serotonin depletion. European Journal of Pharmacology, 446(1-3), 89-96. Ho, Y., Pawlak, C. R., Guo, L., & Schwarting, R. K. W. (2004). Acute and long-term consequences of single MDMA administration in relation to individual anxiety levels in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 149(2), 135-144. Maldonado, E., & Navarro, J. F. (2000). Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) on anxiety in mice tested in the light/dark box. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 24(3), 463-472. Maldonado, E., & Navarro, J. F. (2001b). MDMA ('ecstasy') exhibits an anxiogenic-like activity in social encounters between male mice. Pharmacological Research, 44(1), 27-31. Navarro, J. F., & Maldonado, E. (1999). Behavioral profile of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) in agonistic encounters between male mice. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 23(2), 327-334. Navarro, J. F., & Maldonado, E. (2002). Acute and subchronic effects of MDMA ("ecstasy") on anxiety in male mice tested in the elevated plus-maze. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 26(6), 1151-1154.

Mapping the Liminal Experience of Eastern Europe in Selected American Works, 1965-2002

The purpose of this dissertation is to study literary representations of Eastern Europe in the works of celebrated and less-known American authors, who visited and narrated the region between the mid-1960s and early 2000s. The main critical body focuses on Eastern Europe before 1989 and encompasses three major voices of American literature: John Updike, Joyce Carol Oates, and Philip Roth. However, in the last chapter I also explore American literary perceptions of the area following the collapse of communism. Importantly, the term “Eastern Europe” as used in this dissertation is charged with significance. I approach it not only as a space on the map or the geopolitical construct which emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War, but rather as a conceptual category and a repository of meanings built out of fact and fantasy: specific historical, political and cultural realities interlaced with subjective worldviews, preconceptions, and mental images. The critical framework of this dissertation is twofold. I reach for the concept of liminality to elucidate the indeterminacy and malleability which lies at the heart of the object of study—the idea, image, and experience of Eastern Europe. Bearing in mind the nature of the works under analysis, all of which were inspired by actual visits behind the Iron Curtain, I propose to interpret these transatlantic literary journeys in terms of generative experience, where Eastern Europe is mapped as a liminal space of possibility; a contact zone between cultures and, potentially, the locus of self-discovery and individual transformation. If liminality is the metaphor or a lens that I employ in order to account for the nature of the analyzed works and the complex terrain they map, imagology, whose purpose is to study the processes of constructing selfhood and otherness in literature, provides me with the method and the critical vocabulary for analyzing selected literary representations. The dissertation is divided into six chapters, the last of which serves as coda to the previous discussion. The first two chapters constitute the critical foundation of this work. Then, in chapters 3, 4, and 5 I study American images of Eastern Europe in the works written by John Updike, Joyce Carol Oates, and Philip Roth, respectively. The last, sixth chapter of this dissertation is divided into two parts. In the first one, I discuss new critical perspectives and avenues of research in the study of Eastern Europe following the collapse of communism. Then, I carry out a joint analysis of four works written after 1989 by Eva Hoffman, Arthur Phillips, John Beckman, and Gary Shteyngart. The dissertation ends with conclusions in which I summarize my findings and reflections, and suggest implications for future research. As this dissertation seeks to demonstrate, Eastern Europe portrayed in the analyzed works oscillates between contradictory representations which are contingent upon a number of factors, most importantly who maps it and in what context. Even though each experience of Eastern Europe is distinct and fueled by the profiles, identities, and interests of the characters and their creators, I have found out that certain patterns of othering are present in all the works. Thus, my research seems to suggest that there is something of a recurrent literary image of Eastern Europe, which goes beyond the context of the Cold War. Accordingly, while this dissertation hopes to be a valid contribution to the study of literary and cultural mappings of Eastern Europe, it also generates new questions regarding the current, post-communist representation of the area and its relationship to the national tropes explored in my work.

Part-time and fractional staff in the learning and skills sector

This Universities and College Union Launch Event presentation reported on the findings of Learning and Skills Research Network (LSRN) London and South East (LSE) Regional Research Project. The presentation reflected on research carried out during 2002-06 on the development and deployment of part-time staff in the Learning and Skills Sector. Although the lifelong learning sector is the largest UK education sector, little attention has as yet been paid to the role of LSC sector part-time staff. Worrying trends of an increasing casualisation of staffing have been reported. The role of part-timers as highly committed (philanthropic) but generally underpaid and exploited staff (ragged-trousered) emerged from the data collected by this investigation, which examined the role of part-timers in several colleges and adult education institutions in London and the South East. The metaphor of the 'ragged-trousered philanthropist' was consciously selected to investigate the interactivity between philantrophy, employment practices for PT staff, and education as social action, in addressing the need for good practice to achieve quality outcomes in learning and teaching. The results are to some extent transferable to other education and training sectors employing part-time staff, e.g. higher education institutions and work-based training organisations.

Testimonios de un Pasado Imperfecto : Vida Cotidiana de Mujeres bajo Dictadura en Valparaíso y Viña del Mar, Chile 1980-1987

Este proyecto de investigación se caracteriza como estudio histórico-etnográfica basado en estudios de casos de la vida cotidiana de nueve mujeres en Valparaíso y Viña del Mar durante la dictadura chilena, analizando el testimonio de los efectos del régimen autoritario en la vida cotidiana de estas mujeres chilenas entre 1980 y 1987. La metodología se radica firmemente en el método etnográfico con entrevistas semi-abiertas y el análisis del discurso de los relatos. En la metáfora de la arpillera (un tapiz anónimo cosido en lona ensamblado a partir de piezas de tela que muestra escenas de la vida cotidiana o protesta la dictadura de Pinochet), trozos y pedazos de experiencia se juntan en el encima de la lona de la historia para dar forma al testimonio de vida la vida cotidiana. Este proyecto se centra en tres aspectos diferentes de la relación entre el Estado autoritario y la vida cotidiana: las técnicas de gobernabilidad (macro), narraciones de silencio y miedo (micro) y trayectorias narrados (espacial), el último inspirado por el ensayo Halbwachs en caminar por la ciudad. Para cerrar, la relevancia del estudio se destaca por el intento de comprender el efecto de un estado autoritario en el sujeto femenino y las respuestas y adaptaciones que las mujeres chilenas adoptaron en la vida privada y pública mediada por la violencia y el miedo bajo dictadura. La dialéctica del acontecimiento y la rutina de la vida cotidiana bajo la dictadura se unen en las memorias narradas, mediada por el presente vivido, lo cual permite una reflexión sobre la cuestión de la alteridad en la sociedad chilena.Este proyecto de investigación se caracteriza como estudio histórico-etnográfica basado en estudios de casos de la vida cotidiana de nueve mujeres en Valparaíso y Viña del Mar durante la dictadura chilena, analizando el testimonio de los efectos del régimen autoritario en la vida cotidiana de estas mujeres chilenas entre 1980 y 1987. La metodología se radica firmemente en el método etnográfico con entrevistas semi-abiertas y el análisis del discurso de los relatos. En la metáfora de la arpillera (un tapiz anónimo cosido en lona ensamblado a partir de piezas de tela que muestra escenas de la vida cotidiana o protesta la dictadura de Pinochet), trozos y pedazos de experiencia se juntan en el encima de la lona de la historia para dar forma al testimonio de vida la vida cotidiana. Este proyecto se centra en tres aspectos diferentes de la relación entre el Estado autoritario y la vida cotidiana: las técnicas de gobernabilidad (macro), narraciones de silencio y miedo (micro) y trayectorias narrados (espacial), el último inspirado por el ensayo Halbwachs en caminar por la ciudad. Para cerrar, la relevancia del estudio se destaca por el intento de comprender el efecto de un estado autoritario en el sujeto femenino y las respuestas y adaptaciones que las mujeres chilenas adoptaron en la vida privada y pública mediada por la violencia y el miedo bajo dictadura. La dialéctica del acontecimiento y la rutina de la vida cotidiana bajo la dictadura se unen en las memorias narradas, mediada por el presente vivido, lo cual permite una reflexión sobre la cuestión de la alteridad en la sociedad chilena.

El Libro del Governador o Suma de collaciones o de ayuntamientos: versión castellana del "Communiloquium" de Juan de Gales

The intellectual production of Johannes Gallensis (also known as John of Wales, c. 1210/30 – 1285), regent-master of the Friars Minor at Oxford and later a lecturer and Doctor of Theology at Paris, was oriented towards furnishing Catholic preachers with a variety of compilations of moral philosophy aimed to serve them in their pastoral ministry. One of these compilations is the Communiloquium, a manual of a kind, which displays its author's attempt to provide adequate and specific argumentation for admonishing all sorts and types of devotees. Its most prominent characteristic is a highly accurate use of classical auctoritates and exempla, which turned this work into a kind of anthology of quotations and references, for it offered its readers the possibility of citing sources and texts that they themselves had never actually consulted. The impressive number of manuscript copies of the Communiloquium that reached our times bears witness to its great popularity (some one hundred and sixty dispersed in different European libraries, according to Jenny Swanson’s John of Wales. A Study of the Work and Ideas of a Thirteenth-Century Friar). The Communiloquium must have reached the Iberian soil by means of Franciscan friars and soon spread through courtly circles, as much as in the religious milieu, due to the political taint of its first part, rooted in the organological metaphor and containing extensive reflections on the virtues and the due behaviour of a monarch. In the Crown of Aragon, the Communiloquium used to be read out loud even among the artisans. In Castile, on the other hand, particularly between the XIIIth and the XVth centuries, its main audience happened to be the lettered nobility and those intellectuals who, dedicated to composing glosas and specula principum, required its resources...