Ability to Work and Employment Rates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1-Infected Individuals Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Background.  Limited data exist on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals' ability to work after receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We aimed to investigate predictors of regaining full ability to work at 1 year after starting cART. Methods.  Antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected individuals <60 years who started cART from January 1998 through December 2012 within the framework of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study were analyzed. Inability to work was defined as a medical judgment of the patient's ability to work as 0%. Results.  Of 5800 subjects, 4382 (75.6%) were fully able to work, 471 (8.1%) able to work part time, and 947 (16.3%) were unable to work at baseline. Of the 947 patients unable to work, 439 (46.3%) were able to work either full time or part time at 1 year of treatment. Predictors of recovering full ability to work were non-white ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-3.54), higher education (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.47-7.48), and achieving HIV-ribonucleic acid <50 copies/mL (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.20-2.80). Older age (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, .42-.72, per 10 years older) and psychiatric disorders (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, .13-.47) were associated with lower odds of ability to work. Recovering full ability to work at 1 year increased from 24.0% in 1998-2001 to 41.2% in 2009-2012, but the employment rates did not increase. Conclusions.  Regaining full ability to work depends primarily on achieving viral suppression, absence of psychiatric comorbidity, and favorable psychosocial factors. The discrepancy between patients' ability to work and employment rates indicates barriers to reintegration of persons infected with HIV.

Mus Hs 750/11 - No. 1

[Carl Oestreich]

Ms. Ff. Mus. 1492 - Dom: XXIII. post: Trin: : Werthes Zion sey getrost pp ; â. C. A. T. B., violino primo, violino secundo, hautbois primo, hautbois secundo, clarino primo, clarino secundo, clarino tertio, tympani, viola 1, viola 2, violoncello, chalcedon e. organo

di Telemann

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 643 - Korrekturen zur Neupublikation der Aufsätze Max Horkheimers aus der Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung und Vorwort zur Neupublikation 1968 (p. IX 23.1-20-IX 24.1-9)

1. Friedrich Pollock: Verzeichnis der Änderungen in den Essays nach der Bearbeitung durch Alfred Schmidt, 4 Blatt; 2. Derselbe: Eigenhändige Korrekturnotiz zum Manuskript Schmidt, 1 Blatt; 3. Derselbe: Eigenhändige Notiz über Verteilung von Korrekturen, 1 Blatt; 4. Derselbe: Ergänzungen zu den Korrekturen vom 15. und 20.03.1968. a) 8 Blatt b) 8 Blatt; 5. Korrekturen, 2 Blatt; 6. Friedrich Pollock [?]: Verzeichnis der Essays von Max Horkheimer und der Korrekturen. a) 8 Blatt b) Teilstücke, 2 Blatt; 7. Derselbe [?]: Verzeichnis der Korrekturen, 3 Blatt; 8. Derselbe: Eigenhändige Gesprächsnotiz, 1 Blatt; 9. Derselbe: Eigenhändige Gesprächsnotiz, 1 Blatt; 10. Derselbe: "Sprachregeln", eigenhändige Notiz, 1 Blatt; 11. Derselbe: "Bedenkliche Stellen", eigenhändiges Verzeichnis, 1 Blatt; 12. Derselbe: "Vorschlag für den Inhalt von Max Horkheimers Essays I", eigenhändiges Verzeichnis, 1 Blatt; 13. Derselbe: Eigenhändige Gesprächsnotiz Friedrich Pollocks - Max Horkheimers über Pro und Contra, Neuveröffentlichung, 1 Blatt; 14. S. Fischer Verlaf: Schätzung des Umfangs der Essys, 1 Blatt; 15. Friedrich Pollock: Verzeichnis der Essays von Max Horkheimer, 3 Blatt; 16. Handschriftliches Verzeichnis der Aufsätze, Reden und Schriften Max Horkheimers, 4 Blatt; 17. "Max Horkheimer Essays" Verzeichnis, 1 Blatt; 18. Schönbach, Peter: 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer Frankfurt, 11.09.1964, 7 Blatt; 19. Liste der Anmerkungen Frau Dr. Adornos zu den Aufsätzen Prof. Horkheimers in der Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, 2 Blatt; 20. Adorno, Gretel: 4 Briefe mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, Korrekturvorschläge Frankfurt am Main 1962-1963, 5 Blatt; Vowort zur Neupublikation 1968 der Aufsätze aus der Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung (GS 3, S. 14-19); 1964-1968; Veröffentlicht in: Max Horkheimer "Kritische Theorie", Frankfurt am Main 1968, Seite IX- IXV; 1. Entwürfe Juli- September 1968; 2. Kalb, Peter E.: 1 Brief an Max Horkheimer und Beilage, Frankfurt am Main, 02.08.1968, 2 Blatt; 3. Klappentext der Buchausgabe, Korrekturfahne mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen; 4. Adorno, Theodor W.: 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, Frankfurt, 17.07.1968, 1 Blatt; 5. Horkheimer, Max: "Der neuste Angriff auf die Metaphysik". Sonderdruck der Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung VI, 1937, mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen; 6. Derselbe: "Autoritärer Staat" Teilstücke aus der Gedenkschrift für Walter Benjamin, 1942. Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 21 Blatt; 7. "Zitate aus 'Autoritärer Staat' heute", 4 Blatt; 8. Schmidt, Alfred: "Zur Idee der kritischen Theorie" = Nachwort zur Buchausgabe. Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 38 Blatt; 9. N.N.: Ergänzungsvorschläge zu dem Nachwort von Dr. Schmidt, 3 Blatt;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 654 - "The Aftermath of National Socialism"; "National Socialism and Philosophy"; "The Idea of Philosophy"; "Programm einer Intereuropäischen Akademie" (p. IX 36a.1-4-IX 39.1-2)

"The Aftermath of National Socialism. On the Cultural Aspects of the Collapse of National Socialism". Vorlesungsreihe des Instituts für Sozialforschung, März 1945; 1. Vorlesungsankündigung und Typoskripte der Beiträge von: Theodor W. Adorno, "The Fate of the Arts" (= "What National Socialism Has Done to the Arts"); Frederick Pollock, "Prejudice and the Social Classes"; Leo Löwenthal, "The Aftermath of Totalitarian Terror". Bibliographie, Typoskripte, geheftet, mit eigenhändiger Korrektur von Frederick Pollock, 93 Blatt; 2. Vorlesungsankündigung, als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 1 Blatt; 3. Max Horkheimer: "Totalitarism and the Crisis of European Culture". Eigene Notizen zur Vorlesung, 3 Blatt; 4. Theodor W. Adorno: Notizen zur Vorlesungsreihe. Typoskript, 2 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: "National Socialism and Philosophy". Seminar Frühjahr 1945; 1. Protokolle zu den Sitzungen vom 5.2, 24.4., 1.5. und 8.5.1945. Typoskript mit eigenhändiger Korrektur, 16 Blatt; 2. Dasselbe. Gebunden, 16 Blatt; 3. Eigenhändige Notizen, 8 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: "The Idea of Philosophy". Vorlesung Winter 1945/46; 1. Eigenhändige Notizen, 3 Blatt; 2. Eigenhändige Notizen, 4 Blatt; 3. Eigenhändige Notizen, 2 Blatt; 4. Abschriften aus Werken unter anderem von Friedrich von Bezold, Karl Lamprecht, Richard Pietchman, Leopold von Ranke, Edwin R.A. Seligman. Typoskripte, 8 Blatt; 5. Paul Tillich: "Conscience in Western Thought and the Idea a Transmoral Conscience". Sonderdruck aus: Crozer Quarterly, Vol. XXII, Nr. 4, Oktober 1945, 6 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: Programm einer Intereuropäischen Akademie, 1944/45 (?); 1. Typoskriptfassungen, englisch. a) Typoskript, 18 Blatt b) Typoskript mit handschriftlicher Korrektur von Theodor W. Adorno (GS 12, S.195-213), 18 Blatt c) Typoskript (Kopie) mit handschriftliche Korrektur, 18 Blatt (Kopie 1989 aus der Hoover Institution, Standford, California) d) Typoskript mit eigenhändiger Korrektur, 17 Blatt e) Korrektur-Teilstücke, Typoskripte mit eigenhändiger Korrektur, 2 Blatt; 2. Zeitungsausschnitt 1944, 1 Blatt;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 659 - Berichte über die Arbeit des Instituts für Sozialforschung u.a. (p. IX 64-IX 65b)

"The International Institute of Social Research. Its History, Program and Needs" (1943?), als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 18 Blatt, mit 6 Photographien und einem Anhang: Rezensionen von "Autorität und Familie" und "Abstracts" von Aufsätzen aus der Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, Photokopien, 12 Blatt; "Über Geschichte, Organisation und Tätigkeiten des Instituts für Sozialforschung. Aus einem Bericht" (1943), Teilstück, Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 10 Blatt; "Annual Report on the Activities of the Social Studies Association, Inc." (6.5.1944), Typoskript, 6 Blatt; "Ten Years on Morningside Hights. A Report on the Institute's History 1934 to 1944 (Dezember 1944): 1. Report, a) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 36 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 48 Blatt, c) Entwurf des Teils "Philosophical Studies", Typoskript, 4 Blatt; 2. "Letters Regarding Ten Years Report", 1 Blatt; 3. Liste der Empfänger des Reports. 1 Blatt; 4. Max Horkheimer: 1 Brief an Nicholas Murray Butler, New York, 17.4.1945 , 1 Blatt; 5. Briefentwürfe zur Versendung des Reports, 2 Blatt; Theodore Abel: "Evaluation of the Institute's Work" (1944?): 1. Würdigung, Typoskript, englisch, 4 Blatt; 2. Theodore Abel: 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Leo Löwenthal, New York, 6.3.1946; 3. Abschrift von 1. und 2., Typoskript, 5 Blatt; Über Organisation und Tätigkeiten des Instituts für Sozialforschung (Mai 1945), Typoskript, 3 Blatt;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 665 - "Research Project on Anti-Semitism" (p. IX 101-IX 112)

Institute of Social Research; "Research Project on Anti-Semitism. General Statement of Scope of Project, Fields to be investigated, First Assignements, Plan of Operation, Joint Conferences" (15.3.1943), a) Typoskript, 5 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 3 Blatt, c) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 5 Blatt; Institute of Social Research: "Notes on Some Methodological Principles and Some Tentative Assumptions for the Work of the Anti-Semitism Project" (15.3.1943), Typoskript, 3 Blatt; "Project on Anti-Semitism. Excerpt from a letter of D.R. (American Jewish Committee), dated 3/31/43" (31.03.1943), Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 2 Blatt; Institute of Social Research: "Research Project on Anti-Semitism. General Statement of Scope of Project, Fields to be investigated, First Assignements etc. Supplement: Los Angeles Group" (26.4.1943), a) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 13 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 13 Blatt, c) Typoskript, 8 Blatt; Heinz Langerhans: "Methods to Evaluate the Attitude of Different Sections of the German Population toward Institutionalized Antisemitism" (6.5.1943), Typoskript mit eigenhändiger Korrektur, 5 Blatt; "Discussion with Messrs. George Mintzer and Newman Levy on present day U.S.A. Antisemitism" (5.3.1943), a) Typoskript, 4 Blatt b) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 4 Blatt; Re.: Antisemitism Project. Statement of Expense 15.03.1943 - 15.06.1943, Preliminary Budget 15.06.1943 - 15.03.1944, Aufstellungen für das American Jewish Committee, 15.06.1943, 4 Blatt; Paul Massing: "Some Notes to Fineberg's 'Overcoming Antisemitism'" (16.06.1943), Typoskript, 4 Blatt; "Luncheon with Mr. Hexter. Present: Dr. Pollock, Weil, Gurland, Massing and Mr. Hexter. Purpose: Discussion of S.A. Fineberg's book 'Overcoming Antisemitism'" (17.06.1943), Typoskript, 2 Blatt; "Luncheon with Mr. R.C. Rothschild in the Yale Club", Über Antisemitismus in den USA, 28.6.1943, Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 1 Blatt; Friedrich Pollock: Memoranden über Besprechungen mit R.C. Rothschild, betreffs Anti-Semitism-Project (September 1943): 1. "Remarks of Mr. Rothschild concerning our Psychological Study in a meeting between him, P. and L." (21.9.1943); 2. "Memorandum on work's progress of Anti-Semitism-Project" (15.09.1943), Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 3. "Meeting R.C. Rothschild and Pollock", (15.09.1943), Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 4. "Memorandum No. 1" (14.09.1943), Typoskript, 1 Blatt; "Memorandum re: Antisemitism Project" (29.10.1943), Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 2 Blatt;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 687 - "Experimental Movie Project", "The Police and Minority Groups" u.a. (p. IX 150.1-17 - IX 152.1-2)

"Experimental Movie Project" (1945-46):; 1. "Below the Surface", Drehbuch des Testfilms, a) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 46 Blatt, b) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 26 Blatt, c) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 26 Blatt, d) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 26 Blatt "Experimental Movie Project" (1945-46): Memoranden zum Test; 2. 'Notes' 25.4.1946, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 3. "Memorandum on Experimental Movie Project", 19.4.1946. Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 4. "Memorandum re: 'Below the Surface" (Juli 1945). Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 5. Dore Schary und Allen Rivkin: 'Memorandum, Subject: New Suggested Treatment for 'Below the Surface'", 13.7.1945. Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 6. Hans Richter: "Report about the film script 'Below the surface'", 7. u. 8.7.1945, a) Typoskript, 1 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 7. Hans Richter: Bestätigung der Vereinbarung mit dem American Jewish Committee, 3.7.1945. Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 8. "Notes and Suggestions re Experimental Motion Picture", Juni 1945. Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 9. Siegfried Kracauer; "Suggestions for the Dialogue" (4.4.1945). Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 10. "Motion Picture", März 1945. Typoskript, 5 Blatt; 11. "Project on a Test film", a) Typoskript, 4 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 5 Blatt; 12. "Memorandum re: 'Below the Surface'", a) Typoskript, 3 Blatt, b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Theodor W. Adorno, 3 Blatt; "Experimental Movie Project" (1945-46): Korrespondenz zum Test-Film-Projekt:; 13. Friedrich Pollock: 1 Brief an Max Horkheimer, Santa Monica, California, 12.10.1945; 14. Theodor W. Adorno: 2 Briefe an Max Horkheimer, Los Angeles und Santa Monica, California, 1945; 15. Joseph M. Proskauer: 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer, o.O., 29.6.1945, 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, o.O., o.D., 3 Blatt; 16. Alexander Hackenschmied, 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, New York, 19.6.1945, 1 Blatt; 17. Gilbert Gabriel: 1 Brief von John Slawson, o.O., 22.3.1945, 2 Blatt; "The Police and Minority Groups" (1946):; 1. "The Police and Minority Groups". Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 2. Robert W. Kenny: "Police and Minority Groups - an Experiment". Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 17 Blatt; 3. Davis McEntire, Robert B. Powers: "Police Training Bulletin. A Guide to Race Relations for Police Officers", State of California, 1946, 38 Seiten; Max Horkheimer: "Memorandum on a Study of Race Hatred in Post-War Germany" (1946):; 1. Memorandum, a) Typoskript, 8 Blatt, b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen und handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 6 Blatt, c) Typoskript, 5 Blatt, d) Teilstück, Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 1 Blatt e) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 5 Blatt, f) Teilstück, Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt, g) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 7 Blatt, h) Teilstück, Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen und Ergänzungen, 1 Blatt, i) Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 2. Theodor W. Adorno: "Ad Memorandum Neumann", Manuskript, 3 Blatt;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 690 - Materialien zu Forschungsprojekten über Antisemitismus u.a. (p. IX 157 - IX 163.1-9)

"Beitrag des Instituts für Sozialforschung zu dem Forschungsprojekt über Autorität" (3.1.1951). Typoskript, 5 Blatt; "Reactions to the Antisemitic Incidents in January 1960. A Pilot Study in Frankfurt am Main. Summary of Procedure and Results" (1960). Typoskript, 6 Blatt (= Alt.Sig. IX 234.13 a); "Proposal for International Study of Anti-Semitism" (1960):; 1. American Jewish Committee: Luncheon Meeting, May 25, 1960, Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 2. American Jewish Committee, Institute of Human Relations: "The JDA Agencies and Germany" (17.5.1960). Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 32 Blatt; Exzerpte aus Werken über Antisemitismus, Literaturlisten (etwa 1933-46):; 1. Everett R. Clinchy, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 2. Paul K. Hatt, Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 3. John Moffat Mecklin, Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 4. Conrad Henry Moehlman, Typoskript, 4 Blatt; 5. Maurice Samuel, Typoskript, 5 Blatt; 6. Milton Steinberg, Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 7. "General Literature on Antisemitism", Liste, Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 1 Blatt; 8. "Bibliography" zum Judentum, 15 Blatt; 9. Literaturliste, handschriftliche Notizen, 9 Blatt; 10. Literaturliste, eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; 11. Literaturliste, 1 Blatt; 12. Zitate zum Judentum aus Zeitschriften, 1 Blatt; Memorandum zum Antisemitismus (1944-48):; 1. S. Andhil Fineberg: "Notes on 'A Mask for Privilege' by Carey McWilliams", als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 4 Blatt; Carey McWilliams: "Memorandum" (8.5.1948), Typoskript, 3 Blatt; Lawrence Bloomgarden und S.A. Fineberg: "In Reply to Carey McWilliams Memorandum of May 8th", Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 2. Rundbriefe der American Jewish Sociological Society, 1944, als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 4 Blatt; 3. Bericht über einen Vortrag von Wladimir Eliasberg über Antisemitismus, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; Abschriften und Übersetzungen aus Zeitungsartikeln über Antisemitismus (1939-43):; 1. "A Note on Anti-Semitism", aus: The New Statesman and Nation (13.3.1939), Typoskript, 7 Blatt; 2. Abschriften aus deutschen und englischen Zeitungen, 1939, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 3. "A Homility of the Bishop of Cremona" (Übersetzung aus: Osservatore Romano) 1939. Typoskript, 18 Blatt; Veröffentlichungen über Antisemitismus, Vorurteil, Demagogie (1941-63):; 1. Earl Raab und Seymour M. Lipset: "Prejudice and Society", Freedom Pamphlet Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (New York 1963), 48 Seiten; 2. Committee on Education, Training and Research in Race Relations of the University of Chicago: Bulletin, Nr. 1, 30.6.1948, 55. Seiten; 3. Solomon Andhil Fineberg: "Checkmate for Rabble-Rousers. What to Do When the Demagogue Comes to Town", Sonderdruck aus Commentary, Vol. 2, 1946 und eine Broschüre, 20 Seiten; 4. Kurt Lewin: "A new Approach to Old Problems", aus: Congress Week, 19.1.1945, 2 Blatt; 5. Eric A. Johnston: "Intolerance", New York, 11.1.1945, Heft, 8 Blatt; 6. Philip Wylie: "Memorandum on Anti-Semitism", aus: American Mercury, Januar 1945, 5 Blatt; 7. S.I. Hayakawa: "Race and Words", aus: Common Sense, Juli 1943, 3 Blatt; 8. David Riesman: "The Politics of Persecution". Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 21 Blatt; 9. James P. Gifford, Frank D. Schroth, Maximilian Moss, Edward A. Richards, Samuel J. Levinson, Thomas G. Grace: "Anti-Semitism. It's Causes and Cures", New York, 1941, 30 Seiten;

BENZENE MYELOCLASTOGENICITY AND METABOLISM IN CD-1 MICE: A CORRELATION

Benzene was studied in its target organ of effect, the bone marrow, with the micronucleus test and metaphase chromosomal analysis. Groups of 5 or 10, male and female CD-1 mice were treated with one or two p.o. or i.p. doses of benzene (440 mg/kg) or toluene (430, 860 or 1720 mg/kg) or both, and sacrificed 30 or 54h after the first dose. Benzene-treated animals were pretreated with phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), (beta)-naphthoflavone ((beta)NF), SKF-525A, or Aroclor 1254. Toluene showed no clastogenic activity and reduced the clastogenic effect of co-administered benzene. None of the pretreatments protected against benzene clastogenicity. 3MC and (beta)NF greatly promoted benzene myeloclastogenicity. Dose response curves for benzene myeloclastogenicity were much steeper with 3MC induction than without. Micronuclei (MN) were 4-6 times higher by p.o. than i.p. benzene administration. This was not due to bacterial flora since no difference was found between germ-free and conventional males gavaged with benzene. A sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and used to explore the relation between metabolic profiles of benzene in urine and MN after various pretreatments. Phenol (PH), trans-trans-muconic acid (MA) and hydroquinone (HQ) in the 48h male mouse urine accounted, respectively, for 12.8-22.8, 1.8-4.7 and 1.5-3.7% of the single oral dose of benzene (880, 440 and 220 mg/kg). Catechol (CT) was seen in trace amounts. MA was identified by ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Urinary metabolites--especially MA, HQ, and phenol glucuronide--correlated well with MN and were dependent on both the dose and the metabolism of benzene. Benzene metabolism was most inducible by cytochrome P-448 enzyme inducers, by p.o. > i.p., in males > females, and inhibited by toluene. Ph, CT or HQ administered p.o., 250, 150 and 250 mg/kg, respectively, or at 150 mg/kg x 2 after 3MC pretreatment, failed to reproduce the potent myeloclastogenicity of benzene. In fact, only HQ was mildly clastogenic. ^

Is H. pylori infection associated with diarrhea in a cohort of 3- to 8-year-old Colombian children?

The Estudio Comunitario sobre la Salud del Niño cohort study followed 326 3- to 8-year-old Colombian children for 4 years to observe the natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection and identify risk factors for acquisition, recurrence and persistence. Acute H. pylori infection during childhood may predispose to other enteric infections and therefore increase the risk of diarrheal disease. This dissertation aimed to estimate the effect of H. pylori infection on the occurrence of diarrhea and parasitic co-infections. The analysis used Generalized Estimating Equations to obtain odds ratios to estimate relative risks for diarrhea and the Zhang-Yu algorithm to estimate relative risks for on parasitic infections. Andersen-Gill models were used to estimate rate ratios for the effect of H. pylori status on the recurrence of parasitic infections. H. pylori status was classified for the entire follow-up duration in 1 of 3 categories: persistently positive, intermittently positive, and persistently negative. Multivariable models included child’s sex, age, symptoms, medication use, and socio-environmental factors. H. pylori infection was weakly and imprecisely associated with diarrheal disease, which occurred at an unexpectedly low frequency in this study. Persistently H. pylori-positive children had a somewhat higher incidence of reported diarrhea than intermittently positive or persistently negative children. Stratified analysis revealed that the presence of specific helminthes modified the effect of persistent H. pylori infection on diarrhea. The incidence of any parasitic infections was higher in children with persistent H. pylori infection relative to those with intermittent or persistently negative status, but this association did not hold when adjusted for the full set of selected covariates. The effects of H. pylori persistent status were similar for the occurrence or recurrence of Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Ascaris lumbricoides. These results show that H. pylori frequently co-exists with other parasites in Andean children and suggest that intermittently H. pylori–positive children might be at a lower risk of parasitic infections than persistently positive children. The relationship of H. pylori infection, helminthic infection and diarrheal disease should be further explored in studies that devote more intensive resources to accurate ascertainment of diarrhea.^

Functional analysis of the Galpha protein, GNA -3, in the development of Neurospora crassa using biochemical and genetic studies

Extracellular signals regulate fungal development and, to sense and respond to these cues, fungi evolved signal transduction pathways similar to those in mammalian systems. In fungi, heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, transduce many signals, such as pheromones and nutrients, intracellularly to alter adenylyl cyclase and MAPK cascades activity. ^ Previously, the Gα proteins GNA-1 and GNA-2 were characterized in regulating development in the fungus Neurospora crassa. R. A. Baasiri isolated a third Gα, gna-3, and P. S. Rowley generated Δgna-3 mutants. GNA-3 belongs to a fungal Gα family that regulates cAMP metabolism and virulence. The Δ gna-3 sexual cycle is defective in homozygous crosses, producing inviable spores. Δgna-3 mutants have reduced aerial hyphae formation and derepressed asexual sporulation (conidiation), causing accumulation of asexual spores (conidia). These defects are similar to an adenylyl cyclase mutant, cr-1; cAMP supplementation suppressed Δ gna-3 and cr-1. Inappropriate conidiation and expression of a conidiation gene, con-10, were higher in Δ gna-3 than cr-1 submerged cultures; peptone suppressed conidiation. Adenylyl cyclase activity and expression demonstrated that GNA-3 regulates enzyme levels. ^ A Δgna-1 cr-1 was analyzed with F. D. Ivey to differentiate GNA-1 roles in cAMP-dependent and -independent pathways. Δ gna-1 cr-1 defects were worse than cr-1 and refractory to cAMP, suggesting that GNA-1 is necessary for sensing extracellular CAMP. Submerged culture conidiation was highest in Δgna-1 cr-1, and only high cell density Δgna-1 cultures conidiated, which correlated with con-10 levels. Transcription of a putative heat shock cognate protein was highest in Δgna-1 cr-1. ^ Functional relationships between the three Gαs was analyzed by constructing Δgna-1 Δgna-2 Δ gna-3, Δgna-1 Δgna-3, and Δgna-2 Δgna-3 strains. Δ gna-2 Δgna-3 strains exhibited intensified Δ gna-3 phenotypes; Δgna-1 Δgna-2 Δgna-3 and Δgna-1 Δ gna-3 strains were identical to Δgna-1 cr-1 on plates and were non-responsive to cAMP. The highest levels of conidiation and con-10 were detected in submerged cultures of Δ gna-1 Δgna-2 Δgna-3 and Δgna-1 Δgna-3 mutants, which was partially suppressed by peptone supplementation. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase is completely deficient in Δgna-1 Δ gna-2 Δgna-3 and Δgna-1 Δ gna-3 strains. Δgna-3 and Δ gna-1 Δgna-3 aerial hyphae and conidiation defects were suppressed by mutation of a PKA regulatory subunit. ^

Investigation of Quaternary diatoms in sediment core CRP-1 from the Ross Sea, Antarctica

In the first season of drilling, the Cape Roberts Project (CRP) recovered one drillcore (CRP-l) from Roberts Ridge in western McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica Diatom biostratigraphy places the upper six lithostratigraphic units (Units 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, and 4.1) of CRP-l (0.0 to 43.15 mbsf) within the Quaternary. Both non-marine and marine Quaternary diatoms occur in variable abundance in the Quaternary interval of CRP- 1 Biostratigraphic data resolve two Quaternary time slices or events within CRP-1. Marine diatom assemblages in Units 4.1 and 3.1 represent sedimentation within the diatom Actinocyclus ingens Zone (1.35 to 0.66 Ma). Further refinement of the age of Unit 3.l places deposition in the interval 1.15 to 0.75 Ma based on the common occurrence of Thalassiosira elliptipora and correlation to the Southern Ocean acme of this taxon The absence of ActiActinocyclus ingens and the presence ot Thalassiosira antarctica in Unit 2.2 require a younger zonal assignment for this interval, within the diatom Thalassiosira lentiginosa Zone (0.66 to 0.0 Ma). A new diatom species. Rouxia leventerae, is described from marine assemblages of Units 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, and 4.l. Lithostratigraphic Unit 3.1 (33.82 to 31.89 mbsf) is a bryozoan-dominated skeletal-carbonate facies. Low abundance of Fragilariopsis curta and Fragilariopsis cylindrus within this unit combined with the relatively high abundance of species associated with open water indicates deposition in waters that remained ice free for much or all of the year Diatom assemblages suggest carbonate deposition in Unit 3.1 is linked to a significant early Pleistocene event in McMurdo Sound, when elevated surface-water temperatures inhibited the formation of sea ice.