Nitric oxide detection in cell culture exposed to LPS after Er:YAG laser irradiation

P>Aim To evaluate in vitro the effect of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)] and Er:YAG laser on bacterial endotoxin [also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] as determined by nitric oxide (NO) detection in J774 murine macrophage cell line culture. Methodology Samples of LPS solution (50 mu gmL-1), Ca(OH)(2) suspension (25 mg mL-1) and LPS suspension with Ca(OH)(2) were prepared. The studied groups were: I - LPS (control); II - LPS + Ca(OH)(2); III - LPS + Er:YAG laser (15 Hz 140 mJ); IV - LPS + Er:YAG laser (15 Hz 200 mJ); V - LPS + Er:YAG laser (15 Hz 250 mJ), VI - Pyrogen-free water; VII - Ca(OH)(2). Murine macrophage J774 cells were plated and 10 mu L of the samples were added to each well. The supernatants were collected for NO detection by the Griess reaction. Data were analysed statistically by one-way anova and Tukey`s test at 5% significance level. Results The mean and SE (in mu mol L-1) values of NO release were: I - 10.48 +/- 0.58, II - 6.41 +/- 0.90, III - 10.2 +/- 0.60, IV - 8.35 +/- 0.40, V - 10.40 +/- 0.53, VI - 3.75 +/- 0.70, VII - 6.44 +/- 0.60; and the values for the same experiment repeated after 1 week were: I - 21.20 +/- 1.50, II - 9.10 +/- 0.60, III - 19.50 +/- 1.00, IV - 18.50 +/- 0.60, V - 21.30 +/- 0.90, VI - 2.00 +/- 0.20, VII - 6.80 +/- 1.70. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the control and the laser-treated groups (III, IV and V), or comparing groups II, VI and VII to each other (P > 0.05). Group I had significantly higher NO release than group II (P < 0.05). Groups II and VI had similar NO release (P > 0.05). Conclusions Calcium hydroxide inactivated the bacterial endotoxin (LPS) whereas none of the Er:YAG laser parameter settings had the same effectiveness.

Myeloperoxidase activity is increased in gingival crevicular fluid and whole saliva after fixed orthodontic appliance activation

Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement uses mechanical forces that result in inflammation in the first days. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme found in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) granules, and it is used to estimate the number of PMN granules in tissues. So far, MPO has not been used to study the inflammatory alterations after the application of orthodontic tooth movement forces. The aim of this study was to determine MPO activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva (whole stimulated saliva) of orthodontic patients at different time points after fixed appliance activation. Methods: MPO was determined in the GCF and collected by means of periopaper from the saliva of 14 patients with orthodontic fixed appliances. GCF and saliva samples were collected at baseline, 2 hours, and 7 and 14 days after application of the orthodontic force. Results: Mean MPO activity was increased in both the GCF and saliva of orthodontic patients at 2 hours after appliance activation (P<0.02 for all comparisons). At 2 hours, PMN infiltration into the periodontal ligament from the orthodontic force probably results in the increased MPO level observed at this time point. Conclusions: MPO might be a good marker to assess inflammation in orthodontic movement; it deserves further studies in orthodontic therapy. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:613-6)

Effects of abscisic acid, ethylene and sugars on the mobilization of storage proteins and carbohydrates in seeds of the tropical tree Sesbania virgata (Leguminosae)

Endospermic legumes are abundant in tropical forests and their establishment is closely related to the mobilization of cell-wall storage polysaccharides. Endosperm cells also store large numbers of protein bodies that play an important role as a nitrogen reserve in this seed. In this work, a systems approach was adopted to evaluate some of the changes in carbohydrates and hormones during the development of seedlings of the rain forest tree Sesbania virgata during the period of establishment. Seeds imbibed abscisic acid (ABA), glucose and sucrose in an atmosphere of ethylene, and the effects of these compounds on the protein contents, alpha-galactosidase activity and endogenous production of ABA and ethylene by the seeds were observed. The presence of exogenous ABA retarded the degradation of storage protein in the endosperm and decreased alpha-galactosidase activity in the same tissue during galactomannan degradation, suggesting that ABA represses enzyme action. On the other hand, exogenous ethylene increased alpha-galactosidase activity in both the endosperm and testa during galactomannan degradation, suggesting an inducing effect of this hormone on the hydrolytic enzymes. Furthermore, the detection of endogenous ABA and ethylene production during the period of storage mobilization and the changes observed in the production of these endogenous hormones in the presence of glucose and sucrose, suggested a correlation between the signalling pathway of these hormones and the sugars. These findings suggest that ABA, ethylene and sugars play a role in the control of the hydrolytic enzyme activities in seeds of S. virgata, controlling the process of storage degradation. This is thought to ensure a balanced flow of the carbon and nitrogen for seedling development.

Role of the Mitochondrial Mutations, m. 827A > G and the Novel m. 7462C > T, in the Origin of Hearing Loss

Samples from 30 deaf probands exhibiting features suggestive of syndromic mitochondrial deafness or from families with maternal transmission of deafness were selected for investigation of mutations in the mitochondrial genes MT-RNR1 and MT-TS1. Patients with mutation m. 1555A>G had been previously excluded from this sample. In the MT-RNR1 gene, five probands presented the m. 827A>G sequence variant, of uncertain pathogenicity. This change was also detected in 66 subjects of an unaffected control sample of 306 Brazilian individuals from various ethnic backgrounds. Given its high frequency, we consider it unlikely to have a pathogenic role on hereditary deafness. As to the MT-TS1 gene, one proband presented the previously known pathogenic m. 7472insC mutation and three probands presented a novel variant, m. 7462C>T, which was absent from the same control sample of 306 individuals. Because of its absence in control samples and association with a family history of hearing impairment, we suggest it might be a novel pathogenic mutation.

Improved renal function after kidney transplantation is associated with heme oxygenase-1 polymorphism

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has a microsatellite polymorphism based on the number of guanosine-thymidine nucleotide repeats (GT) repeats that regulates expression levels and could have an impact on organ survival post-injury. We correlated HO-1 polymorphism with renal graft function. The HO-1 gene was sequenced (N = 181), and the allelic repeats were divided into subclasses: short repeats (S) (< 27 repeats) and long repeats (L) (>= 27 repeats). A total of 47.5% of the donors carried the S allele. The allograft function was statistically improved six months, two and three yr after transplantation in patients receiving kidneys from donors with an S allele. For the recipients carrying the S allele (50.3%), the allograft function was also better throughout the follow-up, but reached statistical significance only three yr after transplantation (p = 0.04). Considering only those patients who had chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN; 74 of 181), allograft function was also better in donors and in recipients carrying the S allele, two and three yr after transplantation (p = 0.03). Recipients of kidney transplantation from donors carrying the S allele presented better function even in the presence of CAN.

Effect of a calcium-channel blocker (verapamil) on the morphology, cytoskeleton and collagenase activity of human skin fibroblasts

The effects of verapamil modulating collagen biosynthesis have prompted us to study the role of this drug in cultured fibroblasts. In this article, we describe the effects of verapamil on fibroblast behaviour, with special emphasis to phenotypic modifications, reorganisation of actin filaments and secretion of MMP1. Human dermal fibroblasts treated with 50-mu M verapamil changed their normal spindle-shaped morphology to stellate. Treated cells showed discrete reorganisation of actin filaments, as revealed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-phalloidin staining and confocal microscopy. We hypothesised that these effects would be associated to lower levels of cytosolic Ca(2+). Indeed, short time loading with calcium green confirmed that verapamil-treated fibroblasts exhibited lower intracellular calcium levels compared to controls. We also observed that verapamil increases the secretion of MMP1 in cultured fibroblasts, as demonstrated by zymography, specific substrate assays and immunoblot. The morphological alterations induced by verapamil are neither cytotoxic nor associated with other dramatic cytoskeleton alterations. Thus we may conclude that this drug enhances collagenase secretion and does not disrupt the major tracks necessary to deliver these enzymes in the extracellular space. The present results suggested that verapamil could be used at physiological levels to enhance collagen I breakdown, and maybe considered a potential candidate for intralesional therapy of wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Immobilization of lutetium bisphthalocyanine in nanostructured biomimetic sensors using the LbL technique for phenol detection

This study describes the development of amperometric sensors based on poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc(2)) films assembled using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. The films have been used as modified electrodes for catechol quantification. Electrochemical measurements have been employed to investigate the catalytic properties of the LuPc(2) immobilized in the LbL films. By chronoamperometry, the sensors present excellent sensitivity (20 nA mu M(-1)) in a wide linear range (R(2) = 0.994) up to 900 mu M and limit of detection (s/n = 3) of 37.5 x 10(-8) M for catechol. The sensors have good reproducibility and can be used at least for ten times. The work potential is +0.3 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE). In voltammetry measurements, the calibration curve shows a good linearity (R(2) = 0.992) in the range of catechol up to 500 mu M with a sensitivity of 90 nA mu M(-1) and LD of 8 mu M. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Kvinnors sexualitet och kroppsuppfattning efter gynekologisk cancer.

Inledning: Kvinnors sexualitet och kroppsuppfattning efter gynekologisk cancer förändras. Som barnmorskor är det viktigt att i tidigt skede medverka till och förebygga de komplikationer som dessa kvinnor drabbas av. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att göra en jämförande, detaljerad beskrivning av attraktion och sexuell lust hos kvinnor som blivit strålbehandlade mot gynekologisk cancer. Metod: En prospektiv kohortstudie med kvantitativ ansats med enkätformulär. Två kohorter har jämförts där 616 kvinnor behandlats för gynekologisk cancer samt 344 kvinnor som inte behandlats. Resultat: Kvinnorna upplever sig mindre attraktiva och att deras partner även tycker det. De hade mindre längtan efter sex och hade sex mer sällan. Flertalet talade inte med någon om sin brist på lust till sex eller om de sexuellt relaterade biverkningarna. De kände sig mindre upphetsade i en sexuell situation där tillfredsställelsen och avspänningen i samband med orgasm förändrats. Kvinnornas välbefinnande påverkades negativt och problem med avföring och gasläckage förekom. Slutsats: Upprepad information och återkoppling före, under och efter behandling mellan kvinnorna och patientansvarig barnmorska/läkare är nödvändigt. Kvinnornas upplevelse av att vara attraktiva, tankar på, längtan och lust efter sex samt ofrivillig gasavgång och avföringsträngningar är de viktigaste faktorerna att belysa för kvinnorna för att kunna förbereda och förebygga komplikationer efter gynekologisk cancer.

Alimentos e a responsabilidade civil da genitora em decorrência da negativa de paternidade

O presente trabalho teve como ponto de partida o estudo dos alimentos e da obrigação alimentar. Em seguida, realizou-se um breve estudo sobre o direito à filiação, o qual é assegurado pelo Código Civil de 2002 nos artigos 1.596 e seguintes; artigo 227, parágrafo 6º da Constituição Federal e algumas leis complementares, tais como o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Também foi abordado o tema da investigação de paternidade e seu ônus probatório, enfatizando a ação negatória de paternidade, a qual isenta o réu da obrigação alimentar. Por fim, um estudo sucinto da responsabilidade civil da genitora que, sabendo não ser o réu o pai do seu filho, ajuíza ação pleiteando alimentos, bem como o dano e sua relação com os alimentos pagos ao menor hipossuficiente.

Avaliação da sorpção, solubilidade e microdureza de resinas acrílicas após desinfecção com ácido peracético

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da desinfecção com ácido peracético a 0,2% (STERILIFE®, Lifemed Produtos Médicos Comércio Ltda, São Paulo,SP) sobre as propriedades de sorpção, solubilidade e microdureza Knoop das resinas acrílicas termopolimerizadas (RATA) e resinas acrílicas quimicamente ativadas (RAQA). Os ensaios de sorpção, solubilidade e microdureza Knoop foram realizados utilizando resina acrílica termopolimerizável e quimicamente ativada da marca CLÁSSICO (Art. Odontológicos Clássico Ltda, São Paulo, SP). A especificação nº 1567 da International Organization for Standardization (ISO) foi utilizada para a realização dos ensaios de sorpção e solubilidade. Foram confeccionados 20 corpos de prova de resina acrílica termopolimerizável e 20 corpos de prova de resina acrílica quimicamente ativada, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 10 corpos de prova para cada material. O primeiro grupo foi denominado grupo controle e o segundo foi submetido à desinfecção com ácido peracético por 10 minutos. Os corpos de prova cilíndricos com dimensões de 50mm de diâmetro e 0,5mm de espessura, foram mantidos em um dissecador com sílica gel, a 37°C, até a obtenção da massa constante (M1), obtida através de pesagens consecutivas em uma balança de precisão com resolução de 0,0001g. A seguir os corpos de prova foram imersos em água destilada a 37°C, durante 7 dias e posteriormente pesadas, para obtenção da massa M2. Após, os corpos de prova retornaram ao dissecador com sílica gel, a 37°C, até a obtenção da massa recondicionada (M3). A diferença entre M2 e M3 em relação ao volume do corpo de prova resultou na sorpção do mesmo e, a solubilidade foi calculada subtraindo M3 de M1 e dividindo pelo volume do corpo de prova. Para o ensaio de microdureza foram confeccionados 10 corpos de prova de cada resina. A mensuração da microdureza Knoop, utilizando o NU Research Microscope (VEB Carl Zeiss JENA- Germany), foi obtida antes e após a desinfecção de cada corpo de prova. Os resultados mostraram que a desinfecção com ácido peracético, tanto para as resinas acrílicas termopolimerizadas como para as quimicamente ativadas, não alterou significativamente as propriedades de sorpção e solubilidade, uma vez que continuaram atendendo às exigências da especificação nº 1567 da ISO, após o tratamento. Em relação a microdureza Knoop, os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística significativa entre a microdureza anterior e posterior à desinfecção, tanto a resina de termopolimerização (p=0,992), como para a resina quimicamente ativada (p=0,999). Portanto, o processo de desinfecção de resinas acrílicas com ácido peracético, pode ser viável considerando as propriedades analisadas.

First-price auction symmetric equilibria with a general distribution

In this paper I obtain the mixed strategy symmetric equilibria of the first-price auction for any distribution. The equilibrium is unique. The solution turns out to be a combination of absolutely continuous distributions case and the discrete distributions case.