Influence of film cooling hole angles and geometries on aerodynamic loss and net heat flux reduction

Turbine design engineers have to ensure that film cooling can provide sufficient protection to turbine blades from the hot mainstream gas, while keeping the losses low. Film cooling hole design parameters include inclination angle (α), compound angle (β ), hole inlet geometry and hole exit geometry. The influence of these parameters on aerodynamic loss and net heat flux reduction is investigated, with loss being the primary focus. Low-speed flat plate experiments have been conducted at momentum flux ratios of IR = 0.16, 0.64 and 1.44. The film cooling aerodynamic mixing loss, generated by the mixing of mainstream and coolant, can be quantified using a three-dimensional analytical model that has been previously reported by the authors. The model suggests that for the same flow conditions, the aerodynamic mixing loss is the same for holes with different α and β but with the same angle between the mainstream and coolant flow directions (angle κ). This relationship is assessed through experiments by testing two sets of cylindrical holes with different α and β : one set with κ = 35°, another set with κ = 60°. The data confirm the stated relationship between α, β, κ and the aerodynamic mixing loss. The results show that the designer should minimise κ to obtain the lowest loss, but maximise β to achieve the best heat transfer performance. A suggestion on improving the loss model is also given. Five different hole geometries (α =35.0°, β =0°) were also tested: cylindrical hole, trenched hole, fan-shaped hole, D-Fan and SD-Fan. The D-Fan and the SD-Fan have similar hole exits to the fan-shaped hole but their hole inlets are laterally expanded. The external mixing loss and the loss generated inside the hole are compared. It was found that the D-Fan and the SD-Fan have the lowest loss. This is attributed to their laterally expanded hole inlets, which lead to significant reduction in the loss generated inside the holes. As a result, the loss of these geometries is ≈ 50 % of the loss of the fan-shaped hole at IR = 0.64 and 1.44. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.

An information oriented framework for relating IS/IT resources and business value

Several studies have highlighted the importance of information and information quality in organisations and thus information is regarded as key determinant for the success and organisational performance. At the same time, there are numerous studies, frameworks and case studies examining the impact of information technology and systems to business value. Recently, several studies have proposed maturity models for information management capabilities in the literature, which claim that a higher maturity results in a higher organizational performance. Although these studies provide valuable information about the underlying relations, most are limited in specifying the relationship in more detail. Furthermore, most prominent approaches do not or at least not explicitly consider information as important influencing factor for organisational performance. In this paper, we aim to review selected contributions and introduce a model that shows how IS/IT resources and capabilties could be interlinked with IS/IT utilization, organizational performance and business value. Complementing other models and frameworks, we explicitly consider information from a management maturity, quality and risk perspective. Moreover, the paper discusses how each part of the model can be assessed in order to validate the model in future studies.

萍乡肉红鲫的性腺发育研究

萍乡肉红鲫(Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp,Carassius auratusL.)是在江西省萍乡地区分布的天然三倍体鲫突变体经人工选育后获得的遗传性状基本稳定的后代,具有两性生殖和雌核生殖两种生殖方式。研究以F5代萍乡肉红鲫为材料,自孵化后每满1个月开始取性腺,观察了其卵巢1周年性成熟和精巢的发育过程,结果表明萍乡肉红鲫的性腺为1年成熟类型。卵巢发育进程可以分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育相应可分为6个时相。统计了卵巢成熟系数周年变化,体重为95 g左右的雌性萍乡

金沙江攀枝花江段棒花鱼的生物学

在2006年5月和2006年12月至2007年5月期间,通过使用三层定置刺网捕捉棒花鱼,我们研究了金沙江中游攀枝花江段棒花鱼的生物学。棒花鱼在三层定置刺网中的平均出现率为93.1%,在总渔获物中的平均重量百分比为7.68%;雄性个体的平均体长显著大于雌性个体,体长和体重的回归方程为:W=4×10-5L2.8499(W为体重,L为体长,R2=0.8614);根据鳞片年轮对82尾标本进行了年龄鉴定,其中0龄个体1尾,占1.22%;1龄个体68尾,占82.93%;2龄个体13尾,占15.85%。鳞径与体长显著相

一种能原位检测类雌激素暴露的胶体金免疫检测试片

利用免疫层析和胶体金标记技术试制出一种免疫检测试片,该试片可快速定性检测鱼体内诱导的卵黄蛋白原.试验结果表明,该检测试片仅需采鱼血浆100μL,15min内便可获得检测结果.试片的检测限(LODVTG)为10μg·mL-1,野外现场应用表明测量准确度达92%.因此,该试片可用于野外水体类雌激素暴露与影响的原位评价.

牛山湖翘嘴鲌和红鳍原鲌的年龄与生长

于2002年4月~2003年3月研究了牛山湖翘嘴鲌(C luter alburnus)和红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)的年龄组成与生长。研究结果表明,翘嘴鲌由5个年龄组组成,以2~4龄鱼为主;红鳍原鲌由3个年龄组组成,以2龄鱼为主。翘嘴鲌的平均体长和体重分别为367 mm和551 g;红鳍原鲌的平均体长和体重分别为141 mm和42 g。翘嘴鲌和红鳍原鲌的体长与体重关系式分别为W=0.00001L2.9902与W=0.000005L3.1941。牛山湖鱼类主要由适应静水生

车轮虫分类与系统发育研究进展

车轮虫属一大类寄生性纤毛虫原生动物,可不同程度地给宿主造成危害,故对其研究既具有理论意义,又具有经济价值。文中简单回顾了车轮虫的分类研究和系统发育研究的历史。在分类学研究领域方面,全面介绍了目前车轮虫科已发现属的寄生部位和地理分布等;而系统发育研究领域方面,则介绍了车轮虫研究在萌芽期、探索期和发展期这三个时期的进展,包括形态学和分子生物学两方面的研究内容。并对该领域今后应进行的研究提出了建议。

Hydrogen sensor based on silicon carbide (SiC) MOS capacitor

Silicon carbide (SiC) based MOS capacitor devices are used for gas sensing in high temperature and chemically reactive environments. A SiC MOS capacitor structure used as hydrogen sensor is defined and simulated. The effects of hydrogen concentration, temperature and interface traps on C-V characteristics were analysed. A comparison between structures with different oxide layer types (SiO2, TiO2 and ZnO) and thicknesses (50..10nm) was conducted. The TiO2 based structure has better performance than the SiO2 and ZnO structures. Also, the performance of the SiC MOS capacitor increases at thinner oxide layers. © 2012 IEEE.

生物入侵的进化生物学

中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KSCXI SW 13 0 4) ; 国家重点基础研究发展计划 (2 0 0 3CB415 10 3 )资助

模拟微重力对泥鳅体外受精和胚胎发育的影响(英文)

theprojectofknowledgeinnovationprogramofCAS (GrantNO .KSCX2 SW 3 2 2 ) ;andtheprojectofChinesemannedspaceflight

雌核发育银鲫与两性生殖彩鲫卵壳蛋白组分的比较分析及其受精前后的变化

以雌核发育银鲫和两性生殖彩鲫的成熟卵为材料 ,分离卵壳 ,经处理得到卵壳可溶性蛋白组分。SDS -PAGE梯度凝胶电泳分析在雌核发育银鲫中揭示出3条较明显的差异蛋白带。同时 ,采用相同处理方法对受精前后卵壳蛋白组分进行比较分析后发现 ,这些差异蛋白带在受精后发生了变化 ,其带纹表现为减弱或消失 ,表明这些差异蛋白可能与受精过程相关。