主流无载气N_2-氧碘化学激光配气方式的数值优化

针对主流无载气、副流以氮气为载气的氧碘化学激光(COIL), 应用求解3维多组分化学反应流方程的数值方法, 对流场和物理化学的耦合过程进行细致研究, 对副流载气变化带来的问题及性能提升的手段、特别是合理的配气方式进行深入分析. 结果表明:传统的在亚声速段进行喷流的配气方式不适用于主流无载气N_2-COIL系统, 必须采用超声速段射流方式; 合理的流量配比条件下, 超声速段射流方式COIL光腔位置处增益可达1.5% cm~(-1); N_2-COIL流场边界层厚度明显减小, 拓宽了增益的有效分布区域

Gas permeation performance of cellulose hollow fiber membranes made from the cellulose/N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide/H2O system

Cellulose hollow fiber membranes (CHFM) were prepared using a spinning solution containing N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide as solvent and water as a nonsolvent additive. Water was also used as both the internal and external coagulant. It was demonstrated that the phase separation mechanism of this system was delayed demixing. The CHFM was revealed to be homogeneously dense structure after desiccation. The gas permeation properties of CO2, N-2, CH4, and H-2 through CHFM were investigated as a function of membrane water content and operation pressure. The water content of CHFM had crucial influence on gas permeation performance, and the permeation rates of all gases increased sharply with the increase of membrane water content. The permeation rate of CO2 increased with the increase of operation pressure, which has no significant effect on N-2, H-2, and CH4. At the end of this article a detailed comparison of gas permeation performance and mechanism between the CHFM and cellulose acetate flat membrane was given. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

基于RS和GIS的县域土地利用变化特征分析

基于RS和GIS技术,结合土地利用变化指数模型定量分析了江西省新建县1991—2000年(分两个时段)的土地利用变化时空特征。结果表明,研究期间耕地面积减少2199.181hm2,林地面积增加1655.375hm2,建设用地面积增加1880.467hm2,未利用地减少1290.016hm2,草地和水域面积变化不大。6种土地利用类型中建设用地变化动态度最大,其次为未利用地,再次为林地和耕地,且研究区1991—2000年区域综合土地利用动态度为0.165%。土地利用程度综合指数1991年、1996年、2000年分别为243.687、244.084、244.868,呈上升趋势。土地利用空间动态度仍以建设用地为最大,其次为未利用地和草地,耕地最小。同时,研究得出了各土地利用类型在研究时段的“涨势”或“落势”状态。新建县1996—2000年区域土地利用变化空间动态度比1991—1996年有所下降,且土地利用变化逐渐由双向转移向单向不平衡转移转化。

沈阳福陵油松年轮对全球性气温波动的响应

研究了沈阳福陵油松年轮宽度变化与沈阳地区以气温为主的气候因子和1880年以来的全球气温、全球陆地和海洋温度以及北半球气温等温度变化的关系.结果表明:沈阳油松年轮宽度与全球气温变化、全球陆地和海洋温度变化和北半球气温变化有一定的相关性,而且3个大空间尺度的温度波动和沈阳当地气温对油松年轮宽度的影响较一致:冬季12、1月的气温和春季4、5月的气温对油松生长影响显著(P<0.05).油松年轮宽度和3个大尺度温度序列存在3～8年公共准周期变化,其19.3年和23.2年准周期可与3个大尺度温度变化均含有的20.8年的准周期对应.说明沈阳油松年轮宽度与不同尺度的温度波动呈正相关,升温变化在过去大部分时期对沈阳油松年轮生长存在积极的影响.

Dynamic mechanical properties of gel polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid

The copolymer of acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) is synthesized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMImBF(4)). The dynamic mechanical properties of the resulting gel polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid are measured.

Construction of AFLP-based genetic linkage map for Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston and mapping of sex-linked markers

Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) is an economically important aquaculture species in China; however, frequent mass mortality seriously affects the development of its industry. Genetic linkage map is useful for genetic improvement and selective breeding of C. farreri. Linkage maps were constructed using an intraspecific F-1 cross and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Thirty-two selected AFLP primer combinations produced 545 AFLP markers that were polymorphic in either of the parents and segregated in the progeny. Of these segregating markers, 166 were mapped to 19 linkage groups of the female framework map, covering a total of 1503.9 cM, with an average marker spacing of 10.2 cM; and 197 markers were assigned to 20 linkage groups of the male map, covering a total of 1630.7 cM, with 9.2 cM per marker. A sex-linked marker was mapped on the female map with zero recombination and a LOD of 27.3. The genetic length of C farreri genome was estimated as 1889.0 cM for the female and 1995.9 cM for the male. The coverage of the framework map was calculated as 79.6% for the female and 81.7% for the male. When the triplets and doublets were considered, the observed length of the map was calculated as 1610.2 cM with coverage of 85.2% for the female, and 1880.5 cM with coverage of 94.2% for the male. The genetic maps presented here will serve as a basis for the construction of a high-resolution genetic map and mapping of economically important genes. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

高寒草甸不同土地利用格局土壤CO_2的释放量

分析高寒草甸不同土地利用格局下土壤CO2的释放量大小表明,在植物生长季的5～9 月,土壤CO2 释放量大小排序为:金露梅灌丛草甸(1871.40g/ m2) > 矮嵩草草甸(1769.63g/ m2) > 退化金露梅灌丛草甸(1495.60g/m2) > 退化矮嵩草草甸(1191.26g/ m2) ；而在植物非生长季的10月到翌年4月,其土壤CO2 释放量大小与植物生长季略有差异, 表现出矮嵩草草甸(661.46g/ m2 ) > 金露梅灌丛草甸( 550.90g/ m2 ) > 退化矮嵩草草甸(502.50g/ m2) > 退化金露梅灌丛草甸(384.50g/ m2) 的特点;全年内表现为矮嵩草草甸(2431.09g/ m2 ) > 金露梅灌丛草甸(2422.30g/ m2) > 退化金露梅灌丛草甸(1880.10g/ m2 ) > 退化矮嵩草草甸(1694.06g/ m2 ) . 高寒草甸地区不同土地利用格局土壤CO2 释放数量的差异及季节变化,不仅与各利用格局的土壤生物活性及土壤物理化学性状有关,而且与气象条件(特别是温度) 及其土壤冬季冻结期长短关系极为密切。

岩性油藏储层预测的地震理论与方法研究

At present the main object of the exploration and development (E&D) of oil and gas is not the structural oil-gas pools but the subtle lithological oil-gas reservoir. Since the last 90's, the ratio of this kind of pools in newly-added oil reserves is becoming larger and larger, so is the ratio in the eastern oilfields. The third oil-gas resource evaluation indicates the main exploration object of Jiyang depression is the lithological oil-gas pools in future. However, lack of effective methods that are applied to search for this kind of pool makes E&D difficult and the cost high. In view of the urgent demand of E&D, in this paper we deeply study and analyze the theory and application in which the seismic attributes are used to predict and describe lithological oil-gas reservoirs. The great results are obtained by making full use of abundant physics and reservoir information as well as the remarkable lateral continuity involved in seismic data in combination with well logging, drilling-well and geology. ①Based on a great deal of research and different geological features of Shengli oilfield, the great progresses are made some theories and methods of seismic reservoir prediction and description. Three kinds of extrapolation near well seismic wavelet methods-inverse distance interpolation, phase interpolation and pseudo well reflectivity-are improved; particularly, in sparse well area the method of getting pseudo well reflectivity is given by the application of the wavelet theory. The formulae for seismic attributes and coherent volumes are derived theoretically, and the optimal method of seismic attributes and improved algorithms of picking up coherent data volumes are put forward. The method of making sequence analysis on seismic data is put forward and derived in which the wavelet transform is used to analyze not only qualitatively but also quantitatively seismic characteristics of reservoirs.② According to geologic model and seismic forward simulation, from macro to micro, the method of pre- and post-stack data synthetic analysis and application is put forward using seismic in close combination with geology; particularly, based on making full use of post-stack seismic data, "green food"-pre-stack seismic data is as possible as utilized. ③ In this paper, the formative law and distributing characteristic of lithologic oil-gas pools of the Tertiary in Jiyang depression, the knowledge of geological geophysics and the feasibility of all sorts of seismic methods, and the applied knowledge of seismic data and the geophysical mechanism of oil-gas reservoirs are studied. Therefore a series of perfect seismic technique and software are completed that fit to E&D of different categories of lithologic oil-gas reservoirs. ④ This achievement is different from other new seismic methods that are put forward in the recent years, that is multi-wave multi-component seismic, cross hole seismic, vertical seismic, and time-lapse seismic etc. that need the reacquisition of seismic data to predict and describe the oil-gas reservoir. The method in this paper is based on the conventional 2D/3D seismic data, so the cost falls sharply. ⑤ In recent years this technique that predict and describe lithologic oil-gas reservoirs by seismic information has been applied in E&D of lithologic oil-gas reservoirs on glutenite fans in abrupt slop and turbidite fans in front of abrup slop, slump turbidite fans in front of delta, turbidite fans with channel in low slope and channel sanbody, and a encouraging geologic result has been gained. This achievement indicates that the application of seismic information is one of the most effective ways in solving the present problem of E&D. This technique is significant in the application and popularization, and positive on increasing reserves and raising production as well as stable development in Shengli oilfield. And it will be directive to E&D of some similar reservoirs

喀拉通克含矿岩体（Y2）的岩石学研究

从主元素化学来看，喀拉通克深成岩以低Ca、Al为特征，而火山岩（玄武岩类）以高Ca、Al为特征；在早期结晶矿物组合上，喀拉通克深成岩为橄榄石、斜方辉石和基性斜长石，而火山岩中斑晶以基性斜长石、背地里斜辉石为主，其次为橄榄石，没有见到斜方辉石斑晶，在Sr-Zr图和Nd-Zr图中二者具有较大差别。利用矿物温度计计算了橄榄石、辉石和斜长石的结晶温度。橄榄石是在稍高于1880℃下开始结晶的，二辉石共存时的温度为1100℃左右，基性斜长石的结晶温度也在1100℃左右，并定性讨论了二号岩体的水含量和氧逸度。比较详细地从定性和定量两方面探讨了岩体成岩压力范围，认为前人计算的7Kb过大。根据橄榄石和斜长石共存现象说明压力小于7Kb，单斜辉石中的铝含量进一步说明压力小于5Kb，最后半定量地利用角闪石地质压力计说明4Kb作为二号岩体的成岩压力是比较可信的。最后探讨了二号岩体所属系列和分异趋势。许多证据表明二号岩体属于钙碱系列岩体，比如结晶矿物类型和顺序等符合obsorn(1962)建立的造山带钙碱系列；在SiO2-K2O图和AFM图中皆落入钙碱系列；辉石的成分变化不具有富铁趋势；所有岩石都有一定量的角闪石；微量元素如Rb、K/Rb、Zr等以及稀土模式与岛弧钙碱岩浆相似。与世界著名钙碱系列岩体比较表明，它们共同的特征是产于造山带环境，岩石都有一定量的含水矿物存在，说明母岩浆富水对于钙碱系列的形成具有重要的作用。若将造岩矿物的成分变化范围投影到AFM图中，可以看出造成二号岩体如此钙碱系列演化线的原因在于岩石中橄榄石和辉石的富铁趋势很弱、岩石中含有较多的黑云母和角闪石以及随着分异进行结晶出越来越多的长石。二号岩体高Si、H2O，低Ca、Al的特征决定了二号岩体的矿物结晶顺序为橄榄石→斜方辉石→拉长石→单斜辉石→角闪石→黑云母，形成相应的岩相为橄榄苏长岩、苏长岩、辉长岩和闪长岩相。辉石的Mg~#值变化很窄，是由于二号岩体含水量较高，使辉石在高En值下停止结晶，而为含水矿物角闪石取代。以上通过对喀拉通克含矿岩体（Y2）的岩石学研究，可以得到如下结论：一、喀拉通克含矿岩体由橄榄苏长岩、苏长岩、辉长岩和闪长岩四个岩相组成。各个岩相是由同一母岩浆经分异形成的。岩体岩相的反环带结构说明岩体不可能是由均匀岩浆一次侵位就地分异形成，而是岩浆深部分异与构造活动结合的产物。二、喀拉通克含矿岩体的母岩浆是产于造山带的一种钙碱性岩浆，以高Si、H2O，低Ca、Al为特征，其母岩浆不z可能是科马提岩、洋中脊拉斑玄武岩、高铝玄武岩或碱性玄武岩浆中的任一种。三、喀拉通克含矿深成岩和该区火山岩在主元素、微量元素及矿物晶出顺序方面存在一定差异，这种差异不大可能是由结晶环境不同造成的，更可能的是两者起源于不同的母岩浆。四、从定性和定量两方面讨论了喀拉通克含矿岩体的成岩压力，从而将4Kb作为该岩体的成岩压力是比较可信的。五、从岩体分异趋势来看，喀拉通克含矿岩体属于钙碱系列岩体。造成钙碱系列分异趋势的主要原因在于岩石中橄榄石和辉石的富铁趋势很弱，岩石含有较多的黑云母和角闪石以及随着分异进行结晶出越来越多的长石。对于以上分异趋势的形成，岩浆富水起着较大的作用。富水一方面使辉石在高En值下停止结晶，以角闪石代替；另一方面使岩浆的氧逸度有所提高。

Samorozwój studenta jako proces i efekt kształcenia

Idea uczenia się przez całe życie jest jedną z istotnych założeń w budowaniu społeczeństwa opartego na wiedzy. Jest również jednym z kluczowych czynników Procesu Bolońskiego. Pragnienie uczenia się przez całe życie ma na celu stworzenie społeczeństwa wiedzy. Jednakże możliwe jest to tylko wówczas, gdy wyzwolimy w jednostkach takie mechanizmy samorozwojowe jak: samopoznanie, samoocena, poczucie własnej skuteczności, samokształcenie. Uwalniają się one oraz dojrzewają jako skutek komunikacji interpersonalnej. Znaczącą rolę w rozwoju wspomnianych mechanizmów odgrywają nauczyciele akademiccy. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera rozważania teoretyczne oraz doniesienia z badań empirycznych.

In Memoriam James William McFerrin

Memoriam.