Study on charge equilibration time of highly charged ions in carbon foils

Charge state distribution of 0.8MeV/u uranium ions after transmission through a thin carbon foil has been studied. It is observed that the charge state distribution is equilibrated after the uranium ions have passed through a 15 mu g/cm(2) carbon foil. The equilibrated average charge state is 33.72 and the charge equilibration time of uranium ions in carbon foil is less than 5.4fs.

Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuates the acute liver injury caused by X-ray in mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of different doses and administration modes of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against X-ray-induced liver damage in mice. Kun-Ming mice were divided into four groups, each composed of six animals: two control groups and two NAC-treated groups. An acute study was carried out to determine alterations in lipid peroxidation (determined by measuring malondiadehyde (MDA) level), glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (assayed by colorimetric method), and DNA damage (characterized by DNA-single strand break using with comet assay) as well as cell apoptosis (measured by flow cytometry) at 12 h after irradiation. The results showed that there were dose-related decreases in MDA level, DNA damage and cell apoptosis, and dose-dependent increases in GSH content and SOD activity in all NAC-treated groups compared to control groups, indicating that pre-treatment or post-treatment with NAC significantly attenuates the acute liver damage caused by X-ray. In addition, significant positive correlations were observed between MDA level and DNA damage or cell apoptosis, implying that lipid peroxidation plays a major role in X-ray-induced liver injury. The data suggest that NAC exerts its radioprotective effect by counteracting accumulated reactive oxygen species in the liver through its properties as a direct antioxidant and a GSH precursor, when administered before or after X-ray irradiation.

Properties of the beta-delayed proton decay of Ho-146

The proton-rich isotope Ho-148 was produced via the fusion-evaporation reaction Mo-92 (Ni-58, 3p1n). The beta-delayed proton decay of Ho-146 was studied by proton-gamma coincidence measurements using a He-jet tape transport system. The gamma-transitions in Tb-145 following the proton emissions were observed, and the beta-delayed proton branching ratios to the final states in the grand-daughter nucleus Tb-145 were determined. According to the relative branching ratios, the ground-state spin of Ho-146 has been proposed and the possible configuration discussed.

Frankia与链霉菌融合子特性的研究

将Frankia菌株CcOl与金色链霉菌GL原生质体融合,得到3株融合子,均具有GL生长快的特性与CcOl的结瘤固氮能力.固体培养时,3株融合子呈现出与GL不同的颜色;且均具有Frankia菌的顶囊形态,以及链霉菌的链状孢子丝结构.与两亲本相同,3株融合子均对大肠杆菌有抗性,其中F4与GL的抗菌谱基本相同.在传10代之后,它们仍具有结瘤与固氮能力.血清学分析表明,F1与F6兼具两亲本的特异抗原,而F4仅具有GL的特异抗原,融合子F1、F6较F4在遗传上更为稳定.

长白山各植被带主要树种凋落物分解速率及模型模拟的试验研究

2001～2003年在长白山自然保护区内3个垂直植被带的典型群落红松阔叶林、云冷杉林和岳桦林内,利用网袋埋藏法对群落内的6个主要优势乔木树种凋落物进行埋藏分解试验,研究凋落物分解速率及其变化动态;同时利用分解模型,模拟预测凋落物的分解进展,为深入研究这6个树种的营养策略、群落养分循环等奠定基础,也为森林生态系统管理提供理论依据。研究结果表明,所研究的6个树种凋落物都表现出随时间进程失重率增大的现象,但失重率并不与时间呈线性相关。在分解的638d(1.75a)后,6种叶凋落物的分解速率明显升高。到分解实验结止时(699d),叶凋落物干重剩余率从小至大依次为白桦(24.56%)、紫椴(24.81%)、红松(38.48%)、鱼鳞云杉(41.15%)、岳桦(41.53%)和臭冷杉(42.62%)。枝凋落物分解速率明显低于叶,枝干重剩余率从小至大依次为紫椴(44.98%)、臭冷杉(64.62%)、红松(72.07%)、鱼鳞云杉(73.51%)、白桦(77.37%)和岳桦(80.35%)。在同一海拔高度,阔叶树种叶凋落物分解速率大于针叶树种。并且随着海拔的升高,叶凋落物分解速率逐渐减慢。模型分析预测结果表明,长白山北坡各垂直植被带的优势树种叶凋落物分解95%需4.5～8.0a;年分解系数为紫椴(0.686)>白桦(0.624)>红松(0.441)>鱼鳞云杉(0.406)>臭冷杉(0.397)>岳桦(0.385);枝凋落物分解95%需7.8～29.3a,不同树种间的差异明显。枝年分解系数为紫椴(0.391)>臭冷杉(0.204)>红松(0.176)>鱼鳞云杉(0.157)>白桦(0.148)>岳桦(0.102)。

城市环境的一大课题——污水处理厂污泥处置浅析

１概况随着我国城市经济的发展和人口的增加，我国水污染日益严重，建设城市污水处理厂已成为治理水污染的不可中缺少的举措．特别是国务院关于淮河、辽河、海河三河限期治理的通知下达后，三河沿岸城市都在按要求建不同规模的污水处理厂，并将其纳入城市环境质量考核的重...

A systems view of integrated coastal management

Natural hazards and human activities in the coastal zone are threatening the integrity of the coastal resource system. Conflicts of interest between short term economic benefits and long term ecologic assets should be identified and solved by means of a balanced CZM approach. Systems analysis, supported by mathematical modelling tools are the appropriate instruments to assist the coastal zone manager. The paper presents a general system description of the coastal zone, and focuses on the modelling of the natural subsystem components of this system as a first step towards a model for Integrated Coastal Management (ICM).

Synthesis and metallophilic properties of troponoid thiocrown ethers

A new class of ionophores with troponoid and thiocrown ether units was prepared. Cation-binding properties of troponoid dithiocrown ethers were characterized using UV and NMR spectroscopies. They have affinity with metal ions; in particular, they showed high affinity with Hg2+. Transport of Hg2+ through a CHCl3 liquid membrane with troponoid dithiocrown ethers was examined in a U-type cell. From an aqueous solution of HgCl2 and CuCl2, Hg2+ is transferred selectively and smoothly, while the Cu2+ remained quantitatively in the original solution. The cavity size of dithiocrown ethers is one of the requirements for effective extraction and transport of Hg2+. However, derivatives with a smaller cavity still extract and transport Hg2+. A polymer-supported troponoid dithiocrown ether was prepared to transport Hg2+ effectively and repeatedly. Comparing the troponoid dithiocrown ether with the benzenoid dithiocrown ether with a similar cavity size, the former was more effective for the transport of Hg2+. It is proposed that the tropone ring assisted the release of Hg2+ from the complex by Coulomb repulsion between the protonated tropone ring and Hg2+.

变水处理与短期遮荫对作物水分利用效率的影响

变水处理与短期遮荫对棉花水分利用效率的影响研究表明 ,在充分供水 -水分胁迫 -复水的变水处理过程中 ,短期遮荫使净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率降低 ;光照 -遮荫 -光照期间 ,总的水分利用效率以水分胁迫的最高 ,充分供水的次之 ,复水处理最低 ,其中遮荫 40 %的水分利用效率高于遮荫 75%的处理 .回归分析表明 ,水分利用效率与光合速率表现出极显著正相关 ,两者回归直线的斜率随水分胁迫而增大 ,而水分利用效率与蒸腾速率的关系较弱 ,多数处理两者相关达不到显著水平

混凝土薄壳球形水窖结构的优化设计

分析球形水窖空间结构的应力分布情况并进行几何尺寸优化,避免建设者根据经验来确定球形水窖的厚度、构造及混凝土标号,以节省建窖材料,同时防止应力不足而发生破坏。【方法】利用基于ANSYS平台新开发的窖体有限元分析软件,对实际中窖壁厚度为4和11 cm的混凝土薄壳球形水窖进行空间结构应力分析,同时以水窖耗材量最小为目标函数,以许用应力和变形量为约束条件,对其进行几何尺寸优化。【结果】计算得出窖壁厚度为4和11 cm的水窖最大拉应力分别为1 380.00和447.31 kPa,最大压应力分别为5 153.20和1 896.70 kPa;优化出空窖不利工况下容积为20,30和40 m3的球形水窖窖壁最佳厚度,即栗钙土地区分别为0.051,0.061和0.065m,黄土地区分别为0.050,0.059和0.062 m。【结论】经软件优化计算后的球形水窖结构,既能满足强度和刚度的要求,同时也最大限度地节约了材料用量;利用新开发的窖体结构优化分析软件,能够对球形水窖进行空间应力分析与结构优化,可以作为球形水窖设计软件。

再论水土流失对洪涝灾害和经济发展的影响

生态系统是一个物质循环和能量转化的动态系统 ,具有生产性、稳定性和持续性三大特征 ,在一定的时空条件下 ,生态系统中能量、物质、信息和生物群落特征具有一种自我调节能力 ,并达到一种相对平衡状态 ,一旦有外力介入平衡的生态系统 ,原有的平衡就会被破坏 ,系统动荡调节达到新的平衡或崩溃 .1998年洪灾实际是自然界失去平衡 ,大自然对人类的报复的一种形式 ,虽然有自然因素的影响 ,但水土流失而引发的一系列破坏生态环境则是造成抗洪能力下降的主要因素 .在此背景下 ,分析了水土流失对江河的危害 ,并对江河产生泥沙和水土流失的主要来源进行了研究 ,提出了根治洪灾和防治水土流失的对策 .