Comprensión y producción de textos en alumnos universitarios: la reformulación textual

En este trabajo se informan resultados sobre las características que se observan en tareas específicas de reformulación en alumnos universitarios que cursan el tramo medio de la carrera de Psicología (N=58), y de un grupo de referencia de alumnos de las carreras de Lenguas Modernas, Letras y Bibliotecología (N=33) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina). Se han considerado tres tipos de reformulación: resuntiva, comprensiva y productiva. Se ha analizado un corpus de 621 reformulaciones, a partir de diferentes tipos de textos. Las producciones obtenidas fueron categorizadas según los siguientes criterios: presencia/ausencia de dificultades normativas, morfosintáticas y semánticas. Los resultados muestran que aparecen problemas predominantemente en el caso de las paráfrasis y de la elaboración de resúmenes. En ellas se observan dificultades de puntuación ; de cohesión y coherencia textual , y distorsiones u omisiones semánticas relativas a la extracción de las partes principales del texto y/o su reemplazo, con inadecuada disponibilidad de recursos léxicos y confusión en el tipo de registro que corresponde a la escritura. Estos resultados, coincidentes con los otros de la misma investigación, de carácter más amplio, informan sobre los problemas de un número importante de alumnos universitarios para interactuar no sólo con textos académicos, sino con textos de carácter general. Además conducen a interrogarse por una parte sobre la naturaleza de dichas dificultades, que parecen ligadas a problemas de producción, que de modo indirecto dan cuenta de dificultades en comprensión textual y, por la otra, a las características de la enseñanza universitaria en el tratamiento textual.

La muerte de Martín Fierro, de Leonardo Castellani : apuntes de genética textual

En 1953, el padre Leonardo Castellani publica La muerte de Martín Fierro, un poema autobiográfico que remeda el estilo y forma del texto de José Hernández. Hemos hallado una copia mecanografiada -presumiblemente la misma que fuera entregada a la imprenta-, con numerosas correcciones autógrafas, algunas de las cuales no han sido incorporadas al texto finalmente editado. Destacamos dos tipos de variantes: aquellas que obedecen a cuestiones estilísticas (imitación del estilo gauchesco, mejoramiento de la métrica, signos de puntuación, etc.), y otras de mayor interés (reescritura y/o supresión de versos y estrofas completas) en las que se revela cierta autocensura ejercida sobre asuntos estrictamente relacionados con su crisis personal luego de haber sido expulsado de la Compañía de Jesús.

Martínez Estrada : Un recorrido textual

Quienes han sido seguidores de la obra de Ezequiel Martínez Estrada (1895-1964) pueden advertir que son numerosos los estudios acerca de él y de su obra, pero creemos que la validación de sus textos reside en su perdurabilidad. Por esta razón debe seguir estudiándoselo a la luz de las incitaciones críticas recientes que en este caso devienen en cuestiones geneticistas. Es a partir de los pre-textos que obran en la Fundación Martínez Estrada y de los artículos y obras éditas del autor, que podemos observar el proceso de escritura desde la mirada de la crítica genética. La importancia de las investigaciones de genética textual en los archivos de grandes escritores contribuye a proporcionar un ámbito de reflexión concreto sobre los objetivos y métodos de la crítica genética, los cuales arrojan luz sobre los procesos de creación. De este modo, el estudio de un caso particular de escritura en un autor fundamental para pensar la tradición ensayística argentina nos permite dar cuenta de que una de las regularidades en las reescrituras que Martínez Estrada realiza sobre el Sarmiento se relacionan con la tensión entre la modernidad y la identidad

Probability sampling protocol of classification maps from spaceborne/airborne image

To deliver sample estimates provided with the necessary probability foundation to permit generalization from the sample data subset to the whole target population being sampled, probability sampling strategies are required to satisfy three necessary not sufficient conditions: (i) All inclusion probabilities be greater than zero in the target population to be sampled. If some sampling units have an inclusion probability of zero, then a map accuracy assessment does not represent the entire target region depicted in the map to be assessed. (ii) The inclusion probabilities must be: (a) knowable for nonsampled units and (b) known for those units selected in the sample: since the inclusion probability determines the weight attached to each sampling unit in the accuracy estimation formulas, if the inclusion probabilities are unknown, so are the estimation weights. This original work presents a novel (to the best of these authors' knowledge, the first) probability sampling protocol for quality assessment and comparison of thematic maps generated from spaceborne/airborne Very High Resolution (VHR) images, where: (I) an original Categorical Variable Pair Similarity Index (CVPSI, proposed in two different formulations) is estimated as a fuzzy degree of match between a reference and a test semantic vocabulary, which may not coincide, and (II) both symbolic pixel-based thematic quality indicators (TQIs) and sub-symbolic object-based spatial quality indicators (SQIs) are estimated with a degree of uncertainty in measurement in compliance with the well-known Quality Assurance Framework for Earth Observation (QA4EO) guidelines. Like a decision-tree, any protocol (guidelines for best practice) comprises a set of rules, equivalent to structural knowledge, and an order of presentation of the rule set, known as procedural knowledge. The combination of these two levels of knowledge makes an original protocol worth more than the sum of its parts. The several degrees of novelty of the proposed probability sampling protocol are highlighted in this paper, at the levels of understanding of both structural and procedural knowledge, in comparison with related multi-disciplinary works selected from the existing literature. In the experimental session the proposed protocol is tested for accuracy validation of preliminary classification maps automatically generated by the Satellite Image Automatic MapperT (SIAMT) software product from two WorldView-2 images and one QuickBird-2 image provided by DigitalGlobe for testing purposes. In these experiments, collected TQIs and SQIs are statistically valid, statistically significant, consistent across maps and in agreement with theoretical expectations, visual (qualitative) evidence and quantitative quality indexes of operativeness (OQIs) claimed for SIAMT by related papers. As a subsidiary conclusion, the statistically consistent and statistically significant accuracy validation of the SIAMT pre-classification maps proposed in this contribution, together with OQIs claimed for SIAMT by related works, make the operational (automatic, accurate, near real-time, robust, scalable) SIAMT software product eligible for opening up new inter-disciplinary research and market opportunities in accordance with the visionary goal of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) initiative and the QA4EO international guidelines.

Sharing Human-Generated Observations by Integrating HMI and the Semantic Sensor Web

Current “Internet of Things” concepts point to a future where connected objects gather meaningful information about their environment and share it with other objects and people. In particular, objects embedding Human Machine Interaction (HMI), such as mobile devices and, increasingly, connected vehicles, home appliances, urban interactive infrastructures, etc., may not only be conceived as sources of sensor information, but, through interaction with their users, they can also produce highly valuable context-aware human-generated observations. We believe that the great promise offered by combining and sharing all of the different sources of information available can be realized through the integration of HMI and Semantic Sensor Web technologies. This paper presents a technological framework that harmonizes two of the most influential HMI and Sensor Web initiatives: the W3C’s Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces (MMI) and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) with its semantic extension, respectively. Although the proposed framework is general enough to be applied in a variety of connected objects integrating HMI, a particular development is presented for a connected car scenario where drivers’ observations about the traffic or their environment are shared across the Semantic Sensor Web. For implementation and evaluation purposes an on-board OSGi (Open Services Gateway Initiative) architecture was built, integrating several available HMI, Sensor Web and Semantic Web technologies. A technical performance test and a conceptual validation of the scenario with potential users are reported, with results suggesting the approach is sound

A recursive algorithm to compute a basis of a similarity

Se definen conceptos y se aplica el teorema de Valverde para escribir un algoritmo que computa bases de similaridades. This paper studies sorne theory and methods to build a representation theorem basis of a similarity from the basis of its subsimilarities, providing an alternative recursive method to compute the basis of a similarity.

Dealing with Semantic Heterogeneity Issues on the Web

The Semantic Web is an extension of the traditional Web in which meaning of information is well defined, thus allowing a better interaction between people and computers. To accomplish its goals, mechanisms are required to make explicit the semantics of Web resources, to be automatically processed by software agents (this semantics being described by means of online ontologies). Nevertheless, issues arise caused by the semantic heterogeneity that naturally happens on the Web, namely redundancy and ambiguity. For tackling these issues, we present an approach to discover and represent, in a non-redundant way, the intended meaning of words in Web applications, while taking into account the (often unstructured) context in which they appear. To that end, we have developed novel ontology matching, clustering, and disambiguation techniques. Our work is intended to help bridge the gap between syntax and semantics for the Semantic Web construction

Multipedia: Enriching DBpedia with Multimedia Information

Enriching knowledge bases with multimedia information makes it possible to complement textual descriptions with visual and audio information. Such complementary information can help users to understand the meaning of assertions, and in general improve the user experience with the knowledge base. In this paper we address the problem of how to enrich ontology instances with candidate images retrieved from existing Web search engines. DBpedia has evolved into a major hub in the Linked Data cloud, interconnecting millions of entities organized under a consistent ontology. Our approach taps into the Wikipedia corpus to gather context information for DBpedia instances and takes advantage of image tagging information when this is available to calculate semantic relatedness between instances and candidate images. We performed experiments with focus on the particularly challenging problem of highly ambiguous names. Both methods presented in this work outperformed the baseline. Our best method leveraged context words from Wikipedia, tags from Flickr and type information from DBpedia to achieve an average precision of 80%.

Proposal for the Management of temporal and semantic components of Geographic Information

This poster raises the issue of a research work oriented to the storage, retrieval, representation and analysis of dynamic GI, taking into account The ultimate objective is the modelling and representation of the dynamic nature of geographic features, establishing mechanisms to store geometries enriched with a temporal structure (regardless of space) and a set of semantic descriptors detailing and clarifying the nature of the represented features and their temporality. the semantic, the temporal and the spatiotemporal components. We intend to define a set of methods, rules and restrictions for the adequate integration of these components into the primary elements of the GI: theme, location, time [1]. We intend to establish and incorporate three new structures (layers) into the core of data storage by using mark-up languages: a semantictemporal structure, a geosemantic structure, and an incremental spatiotemporal structure. Thus, data would be provided with the capability of pinpointing and expressing their own basic and temporal characteristics, enabling them to interact each other according to their context, and their time and meaning relationships that could be eventually established

Semantic Technology Recommendation Based on the Analytic Network Process

Semantic technologies have become widely adopted in recent years, and choosing the right technologies for the problems that users face is often a difficult task. This paper presents an application of the Analytic Network Process for the recommendation of semantic technologies, which is based on a quality model for semantic technologies. Instead of relying on expert-based comparisons of alternatives, the comparisons in our framework depend on real evaluation results. Furthermore, the recommendations in our framework derive from user quality requirements, which leads to better recommendations tailored to users’ needs. This paper also presents an algorithm for pairwise comparisons, which is based on user quality requirements and evaluation results.

The state of semantic technology today - overview of the first SEALS evaluation campaigns

This paper describes the first five SEALS Evaluation Campaigns over the semantic technologies covered by the SEALS project (ontology engineering tools, ontology reasoning tools, ontology matching tools, semantic search tools, and semantic web service tools). It presents the evaluations and test data used in these campaigns and the tools that participated in them along with a comparative analysis of their results. It also presents some lessons learnt after the execution of the evaluation campaigns and draws some final conclusions.

Infrastructure and Workflow for the Formal Evaluation of Semantic Search Technologies

This paper describes an infrastructure for the automated evaluation of semantic technologies and, in particular, semantic search technologies. For this purpose, we present an evaluation framework which follows a service-oriented approach for evaluating semantic technologies and uses the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) to define evaluation workflows that can be executed by process engines. This framework supports a variety of evaluations, from different semantic areas, including search, and is extendible to new evaluations. We show how BPEL addresses this diversity as well as how it is used to solve specific challenges such as heterogeneity, error handling and reuse

Proposal for the Management of temporal and semantic components of Geographic Information

This poster raises the issue of a research work oriented to the storage, retrieval, representation and analysis of dynamic GI, taking into account the semantic, the temporal and the spatiotemporal components. We intend to define a set of methods, rules and restrictions for the adequate integration of these components into the primary elements of the GI: theme, location, time [1]. We intend to establish and incorporate three new structures (layers) into the core of data storage by using mark-up languages: a semantictemporal structure, a geosemantic structure, and an incremental spatiotemporal structure. The ultimate objective is the modelling and representation of the dynamic nature of geographic features, establishing mechanisms to store geometries enriched with a temporal structure (regardless of space) and a set of semantic descriptors detailing and clarifying the nature of the represented features and their temporality. Thus, data would be provided with the capability of pinpointing and expressing their own basic and temporal characteristics, enabling them to interact each other according to their context, and their time and meaning relationships that could be eventually established