Analysis of flow near a dug well in an unconfined aquifer

A numerical analysis of flow to a dug well in an unconfined aquifer is made, taking into account well storage, elastic storage release, gravity drainage, anisotropy, partial penetration, vertical flow and seepage surface at the well face, and treating the water table in the aquifer and water level in the well as unknown boundaries. The pumped discharge is maintained constant. The solution is obtained by a two-level iterative scheme. The effects of governing parameters on the drawdown, development of seepage surface and contribution from aquifer flow to the total discharge are discussed. The degree of anisotropy and partial penetration are found to be the parameters which affect the flow characteristics most significantly. The effect of anisotropy on the development of seepage surface is very pronounced.

A note on "effects of couple stresses on the blood flow through an artery with mild stenosis"

Some errors have been observed in the analytical expression for the resistance to flow (lambda R), and in the computation of shear stress distribution (tau R) in the analysis of Prawal Sinha and Chandan Singh (1). These errors have been rectified in the present analysis. Also, better values have been suggested for the couple stress parameter alpha for getting better results for lambda R and tau R.

Nonsimilar boundary layers for non-Darcy mixed convection flow about a horizontal surface in a saturated porous medium

The nonsimilar non-Darcy mixed convection flow about a heated horizontal surface in a saturated porous medium has been studied when the surface temperature is a power function of distance (Tw = T∞ ± Axλ). The analysis is performed for the cases of parallel and stagnation flows with favourable induced pressure gradient. The partial differential equations governing the flow have been solved numerically using the Keller box method. The heat transfer is enhanced due to the buoyancy parameter and wall temperature, but the non-Darcy parameter reduces it. For non-Darcy flow, the similarity solution exists only for the case of parallel flow.

Turbulent flow computations on a hybrid cartesian point distribution using meshless solver LSFD-U

This paper may be considered as a sequel to one of our earlier works pertaining to the development of an upwind algorithm for meshless solvers. While the earlier work dealt with the development of an inviscid solution procedure, the present work focuses on its extension to viscous flows. A robust viscous discretization strategy is chosen based on positivity of a discrete Laplacian. This work projects meshless solver as a viable cartesian grid methodology. The point distribution required for the meshless solver is obtained from a hybrid cartesian gridding strategy. Particularly considering the importance of an hybrid cartesian mesh for RANS computations, the difficulties encountered in a conventional least squares based discretization strategy are highlighted. In this context, importance of discretization strategies which exploit the local structure in the grid is presented, along with a suitable point sorting strategy. Of particular interest is the proposed discretization strategies (both inviscid and viscous) within the structured grid block; a rotated update for the inviscid part and a Green-Gauss procedure based positive update for the viscous part. Both these procedures conveniently avoid the ill-conditioning associated with a conventional least squares procedure in the critical region of structured grid block. The robustness and accuracy of such a strategy is demonstrated on a number of standard test cases including a case of a multi-element airfoil. The computational efficiency of the proposed meshless solver is also demonstrated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analytical solution of the laminar mean flow wave equation in a lined or unlined two-dimensional rectangular duct

The prediction of the sound attenuation in lined ducts with sheared mean flow has been a topic of research for many years. This involves solving the sheared mean flow wave equation, satisfying the relevant boundary condition. As far as the authors' knowledge goes, this has always been done using numerical techniques. Here, an analytical solution is presented for the wave propagation in two-dimensional rectangular lined ducts with laminar mean flow. The effect of laminar mean flow is studied for both the downstream and the upstream wave propagation. The attenuation values predicted for the laminar mean flow case are compared with those for the case of uniform mean flow. Analytical expressions are derived for the transfer matrices.

Lenient Execution and Concurrent Execution of Re-entrant Routines: Efficient Implementation in Data Flow Systems

Implementation details of efficient schemes for lenient execution and concurrent execution of re-entrant routines in a data flow model have been discussed in this paper. The proposed schemes require no extra hardware support and utilise the existing hardware resources such as the Matching Unit and Memory Network Interface, effectively to achieve the above mentioned goals.

Blade manipulators in turbulent channel flow

We report here the results of a series of careful experiments in turbulent channel flow, using various configurations of blade manipulators suggested as optimal in earlier boundary layer studies. The mass flow in the channel could be held constant to better than 0.1%, and the uncertainties in pressure loss measurements were less than 0.1 mm of water; it was therefore possible to make accurate estimates of the global effects of blade manipulation of a kind that are difficult in boundary layer flows. The flow was fully developed at the station where the blades were mounted, and always relaxed to the same state sufficiently far downstream. It is found that, for a given mass flow, the pressure drop to any station downstream is always higher in the manipulated than in the unmanipulated flow, demonstrating that none of the blade manipulators tried reduces net duct losses. However the net increase in duct losses is less than the drag of the blade even in laminar flow, showing that there is a net reduction in the total skin friction drag experienced by the duct, but this relief is only about 20% of the manipulator drag at most.

Compressive tidal heating of a disk galaxy in a rich cluster

The restricted three-body method is used to model the effect of the mean tidal field of a cluster of galaxies on the internal dynamics of a disk galaxy falling into the cluster for the first time. In the model adopted the galaxy experiences a tidal field that is compressive within the core of the cluster. The planar random velocities of all components in the disk increase after the galaxy passes through the core of the cluster. The low-velocity dispersion gas clouds experience a relatively larger increase in random velocity than the hotter stellar components. The increase in planar velocities results in a strong anisotropy between the planar and vertical velocity dispersions. It is argued that this will make the disk unstable to the 'fire-hose instability' which leads to bending modes in the disk and which will thicken the disk slightly. The mean tidal fields in rich clusters were probably stronger during the epoch of cluster formation and relaxation than they are in present-day relaxed clusters.

Criteria for prediction of flow instabilities and microstructural manifestations during warm working of AISI 304L stainless steel

The deformation characteristics of 304L stainless steel in compression in the temperature range 20–700°C and strain rate range 0·001–100 s−1 have been studied with the aim of characterising the .flow instabilities occurring in the microstructure. At higher temperatures and strain rates the stainless steel exhibits flow localisation, whereas at temperatures below 500°C and strain rates lower than 0·1 s−1 the flow instabilities are due to dynamic strain aging. Strain induced martensite formation is responsible for the flow instabilities at room temperature and low strain rates (0·01 s−1). In view of the occurrence of these instabilities, cold working is preferable to warm working to achieve dimensional tolerance and reproducible properties in the product. Among the different criteria tested to explain the occurrence of instabilities, the continuum criterion, developed on the basis of the principles of maximum rate of entropy production and separability of the dissipation function, predicts accurately all the above instability features.

Flow-Acoustic Performance of Perforated Element Mufflers With Application to Design

A fairly comprehensive computer program incorporating explicit expressions for the four-pole parameters of concentric-tube resonators, plug mufflers, and three-duct cross-flow perforated elements has been used for parametric studies. The parameters considered are hole diameter, the center-to-center distance between consecutive holes (which decides porosity), the incoming mean flow Mach number, the area expansion ratio, the number of partitions of chambers within a given overall shell length, and the relative lengths of these partitions or chambers, all normalized with respect to the exhaust pipe diameter. Transmission loss has been plotted as a function of a normalized frequency parameter. Additionally, the effect of the tail pipe length on insertion loss for an anechoic source has also been studied. These studies have been supplemented by empirical expressions for the normalized static pressure drop for different types of perforated-element mufflers developed from experimental observations.