Tolerância do campim Marandu a doses de manganês

The cultivation of pastures in Brazil is mostly done with the species Brachiaria spp. However, there is little research on nutrition with manganese for this forage. It was aimed to asses the effects of manganese in the development and nutrition of marandu grass. The experimental design used was fully randomized, consisting of five rates of manganese ( 0, 15, 30, 60 e 120 mg dm(-3)) and four repetitions. The experimental unit was formed in a vase filled with a Red Latosol dystrophic. There were two cuts, the first after 38 days of transplanting seedling and the second 30 days after the first cut. Was evaluated the content of manganese leaf, the dry mass of the shoot, the number of tillers and the leaf area. The levels of manganese increased its accumulation in the plant, second cut compared to the first cut. The marandu grass showed high tolerance to manganese toxicity, reaching a high leaf content in the shoot without affecting plant growth.

Biomass and minerals distribution in family of banana 'prata-ana' fertilized with zinc through thinned sprout

In the North of Minas Gerais it is cultivated basically 'Prata-Ana' banana, a cultivar that requires mainly Zn. The possibility of zinc supply, without this nutrient getting in contact with the soil, it is important for the region, since several factors take to the low availability of the element supplied by the soil, as: elevated organic matter content on the surface (from cultural residues); maintenance of high pH of the soil - above 6,00 - as strategy contrary to the proliferation of the causal agent of the Fusarium Wilt; frequent fertilizations with potassium and magnesium that, besides converting the medium into base, they reduce the participation of Zn in the balance cation/anion of the soil, hindering the absortion of this micronutrient by the plant. For determining the distribution of biomass and minerals in the Prata-Ana" banana, cultivated under irrigation in the North of Minas Gerais, when the zinc was supplied through thinned sprout, an experiment was carried out in the Irrigated Perimeter of Jaiba. The plants were fertilized with 0,00; 1,66 and 3,33 g.family-(1) of Zn, through thinned sprout. One month after the fertilizations from October 2007 and February 2008, the production of fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM) were evaluated, the contents and meanings of minerals in all the bananas "family" bodies composed by mother-plant with bunch + tall daughter-plant + granddaughter-plant. The doses of Zn did not influence on the production of FM and DM of the plants in the first evaluation, while in the second evaluation positive effect of the treatment was observed just for MF accumulated in the inferior leaves, in the portions of the medium third and inferior of the pseudostem, and in the mother-plant's rhizome. As much the content as the accumulation of nutrients in the mother-plants presented the following decreasing order: K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S > Fe > Zn > B > Cu. The Zn contents were affected by the dose of that micronutrient in the most of the studied situations. The zinc supplied through thinned sprout increased in the mother-plant, and then it was redistributed in the banana's "family".

Effect of liming on the mineral nutrition and yield of growing guava trees in a typic hapludox soil

High soil acidity influences the availability of mineral nutrients and increases that of toxic aluminium (Al), which has a jeopardizing effect on plant growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the development of guava (Psidium guajava L.) plants, on soil chemical characteristics, and on fruit yield. The experiment was carried out at the Bebedouro Citrus Experimental Station, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a Typic Hapludox soil, from August 1999 to March 2003. The treatments consisted of limestone dose: D0 = zero; D1 = half dose; D2 = total dose; D3 = 1.5 times the dose, and D4 = 2 times the dose to raise the V value to 70%. The doses corresponded to zero, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41tha(-1) applied to the upper soil layer (0-30cm deep) before planting. The results showed that liming caused an improvement in the evaluated soil chemical characteristics up to a depth of 60cm in soil samples both in the line and between lines. The highest fruit yields were obtained when the base saturation reached a value of 55% in the line and 62% between the lines. Foliar levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were 8.8 and 2.5gkg-1, respectively. The highest limestone dose maintained the soil base saturation (at the layer of 0-20cm) in the line close to 55% during at least 40 months after the incorporation of limestone.

PHOSPHORUS EFFECTS IN THE NUTRITION and GROWTH of DEVELOPING MANGO PLANTS

The objective was to study the effects of phosphorous (P) fertilization on nutritional and developmental aspects of growing mango plants. The mango plants were evaluated by soil chemical analyses, leaf chemical analyses, biological examination of plant growth, and the starting point of fruit production. Having this in view, an experiment was set up on 2 January 2003, at Flora, a farm in Uberlandia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The soil was a clayish Oxisol. The doses at planting were: D0 = zero, D1 = 40, D2 = 100, D3 = 200, and D4 = 300 g of P2O5 plant-1. These doses at the beginning of the second year were multiplied by 1.5 and at the beginning of the third year by 2.0 and applied to the plants. The fertilizer used in this experiment was triple superphosphate (44% of P2O5.). During August of 2004, 2005, and 2006, soil samples were taken at a depth of 20 cm in between the plant rows. Leaf samples were taken during August of 2004 and 2005 to determine macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. Plant stem diameter was measured during January of 2004 and 2005. Plant height and crown radius were measured during January of 2005 and fruit production in 2005 and 2006. Fertilizer applications increased the level of P in the soil but significantly influenced plant performance only after the second year. The effects of phosphorus on mango plants take place slowly leading to increments in plant stem diameter only at the third year. Fruit set was not influenced by phosphorous fertilization.

Nutrição de micronutrientes em mudas de goiabeira em resposta ao uso de soluções nutritivas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutrient solutions oil the development and concentration of micronutrients ill guava cuttings. Two cultivars - Paluma and Seculo XXI - and four nutritional solutions were evaluated, using a factorial scheme (2x4) with three repetitions. At 90 days of hydroponic culture, dry mass and micronutrient nutrition in the cuttings were evaluated. The Paluma guava cuttings displayed greater development and nutritional requirements for boron, iron and manganese, as compared to cultivar Seculo M. The studied nutrient solutions did not affect accumulation, absorption or use efficiency of micronutrients in guava cuttings, except for copper and zinc, regardless of cultivar.

Modos de aplicação de zinco na nutricão e na produção de massa seca de plantas de trigo

Zinc application methods can affect the nutrition and the initial development of the wheat. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the different ways of Zn application in the soil, on nutrition and on dry matter production. A completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used. The experiment was composed by the following Zn application treatments: control (no zinc application); soil incorporation, furrow located, seeds treatment and leaf pulverization. The experimental unit was composed of a pot filled with 7 L of soil. Morphological traits for each plant were determined on 52 days after emergence by the evaluations of plant height, internodes number, tillers number and aerial part dry matter. Still, the soil and plant chemical analysis was accomplished. The furrow located method provided larger concentrations of the micronutrient available. The zinc application methods did not influence the initial growth of the wheat plants. The zinc concentration in leaves was influenced by the different application methods, being the leaf pulverization the one that was caused the largest zinc accumulation on aerial part dry matter.

Aplicação de zinco em sementes de sorgo cv. BRS 304: efeitos na nutrição e no crescimento inicial

The effect of zinc applied in seeds oil the nutrition of sorghum is affected by the sources and applied rate. The present work aimed to evaluate zinc application, front two sources, on the nutrition and initial growth of a culture of sorghum cv. BRS 304, cultivated in sand. The treatments consisted of five rites (0, 14.3, 28.6, 57.2 and 114.4 g kg(-1) of seed) and two zinc sources - sulphate (22% Zn) and oxide (50% Zn). At 25 days after sowing, the plants were cut. The aerial and root dry mass was evaluated, and the levels and accumulation of Zn in the plants were determined. The of seeds, in oxide form, provided adequate initial growth of application or 14 g Zn kg(-1) sorglitim cv. BRS 304. The sulphate source promoted greater absorption of Zn for the plants, reaching in its highest dosis, high levels of the nutrient in the aerial part (> 4170 mg kg(-1)) and developing characteristic symptoms of phytoxicity.

Curva de crescimento e marcha de absorção de macronutrientes em três cultivares de amoreira (Morus alba L)

To evaluate the growth and pattern of nutrient absorption (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S amongst others) in three berry cultivars (treatments), four plants by treatment in different phonological stages were harvested. The experiment was arranged in randomized design of factorial 3x5 with three replicates. There cultivars were used FM Shima-Miura, IZ 56/4 and Miura and above ground biomass was harvested in five occasions 45, 60, 75, 90 and 115 days after plantation. It was observed that the accumulation of nutrients presented different pattern and cv. IZ 56/4 was superior compared with PM Shima-Miura for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and N, P, K and S for Miura. For example, the accumulation of N expressed on mg plant"(1) per berry plant cultivar PM Shima-miura, IZ 56/4 and Miura was respectively 4,21; 8,14 and 5,56, for K 2,71; 5,22 and 2,64 and for Ca 2,47; 4,52 and 3,59.

Resposta de mudas de goiabeira à aplicação de zinco

O subsolo, normalmente utilizado para produção de mudas de frutíferas, apresenta baixa concentração de zinco e, assim, existe grande probabilidade de resposta à aplicação deste micronutriente. Considerando a falta de informações sobre o assunto, procurou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de zinco ao substrato de produção das mudas de goiabeira e acompanhar os efeitos no desenvolvimento, na produção de matéria seca e no estado nutricional das plantas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. As doses de zinco, na forma de sulfato de zinco, foram: 0; 2; 4; 6 e 8 mg dm-3 de Zn. No plantio, as mudas receberam doses de N, P, K e B de 300; 100; 150 e 0,5 mg dm-3, respectivamente. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro telado, em vasos com 2,8 dm³ de substrato de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Após 135 dias do plantio, avaliaram-se: a altura, a área foliar e a matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, bem como os teores de macronutrientes e de Zn. As mudas de goiabeira responderam positivamente à aplicação de zinco. O maior desenvolvimento das mudas esteve associado à dose de 2 mg dm-3 de Zn. Doses iguais ou superiores a 4 mg dm-3 causaram redução significativa no desenvolvimento e no acúmulo de macronutrientes nas mudas de goiabeira.

Produção de mudas de caramboleiras 'B-10' e 'Golden Star': I - parâmetros biológicos

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de carambola do mundo, entretanto há poucas informações científicas, especialmente estudos de nutrição mineral com mudas dessa frutífera. Objetivando contribuir com o conhecimento desse importante aspecto, desenvolveu-se estudo que permitisse avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes em mudas de caramboleiras, cultivadas em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi realizado em parcelas subdivididas, sendo utilizadas como parcela as duas cultivares de caramboleira ('B-10' e 'Golden Star') e, como subparcelas, as cinco épocas de coleta de plantas, realizadas aos 208; 233; 258; 283 e 308 dias após o transplantio para a solução nutritiva. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos (8L) com solução nutritiva (pH=5,5 ± 0,5), com aeração. O experimento iniciou-se em 24-08-2005. Nos diferentes órgãos das mudas (folhas, caule e raízes), avaliaram-se o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes, e os índices nutricionais. Não houve diferenças no crescimento e, em geral, no acúmulo da massa da matéria seca entre as duas cultivares. Houve acúmulo linear da massa da matéria seca das mudas de caramboleira com o tempo de cultivo, sendo maior nas folhas > caule > raízes. O período de maior acúmulo da massa de matéria seca e da taxa de crescimento relativo na planta inteira esteve compreendido entre 208 - 233 e 233 - 258 dias após o transplantio para a 'B-10' e a 'Golden Star', respectivamente.

Marcha de absorção dos micronutrientes para mudas de goiabeiras cultivares Paluma e Século XXI

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Marcha de absorção de nutrientes e crescimento de mudas de caramboleira enxertada com a cultivar nota-10

The nutritional state of star fruit seedlings must be adequate for a successful field implementation. The objective of the present work was to study the growth and uptake of macro e micronutrients curves by star fruit plants budded with Nota 10 cultivar in nutrient solution conditions. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with four replications and six treatments, which were consisted by the times of collects during the 150 days of the experiment (each 25 days). In each collection, the plant growth was evaluated by the division of the plants in root, stem and leaves in order to obtain the height, diameter of the stem, leave area and the dry matter. The accumulation of dry matter followed sigmoidal adjustment, while the uptake of nutrients followed quadratic adjustment, except Mg, P, and Cu that followed sigmoidal adjustment. The accumulation of nutrients by star fruit seedlings 'nota 10' followed the sequence: N

Macronutrient accumulation and partioning in fertigated sweet pepper plants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nutrição mineral de mudas de eucalipto produzidas sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e substratos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos das lâminas brutas de irrigação na concentração de nutrientes de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis, produzidas em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi realizado na Camará - Mudas Florestais, em Ibaté, SP, e constituiu-se de um fatorial 5 x 4, sendo cinco lâminas brutas de irrigação diárias (6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 mm), aplicadas em diferentes horários (10, 13 e 16 h), e quatro substratos (FB - fibra de coco; CPV - casca de pinus e vermiculita; CATV - casca de pinus, carvão, turfa e vermiculita; e um MIX - 70 % de CPV e 30 % de FB). Foram determinadas os conteúdos dos nutrientes na parte aérea e no sistema radicular das mudas. Os resultados indicaram que houve influência das lâminas de irrigação e dos substratos no conteúdo dos nutrientes das mudas com maior acúmulo dos mesmos à medida que o fornecimento de água foi maior. As plantas crescidas nos substratos FB e CPV registraram os maiores acúmulos de nutrientes. CPV foi o melhor em se tratando do acúmulo dos macronutrientes nas raízes e também, juntamente com FB, o melhor para o acúmulo dos micronutrientes nas raízes e na parte aérea. Não houve influência dos substratos no acúmulo dos macronutrientes na parte aérea, porém houve das lâminas de irrigação.

Características físicas e acúmulo de nutrientes pelos cachos de 'niagara rosada' em vinhedos na região de Jundiaí

Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento em 40 vinhedos de 'Niagara Rosada' nos municípios de Jundiaí e Louveira-SP, sendo metade sobre o porta-enxerto 'Ripária do Traviú' e outra sobre o 'IAC 766'. Determinaram-se, em cada vinhedo, a produtividade, a duração do ciclo, o número de cachos e de ramos produtivos por planta, as características físicas dos cachos e bagas, e o acúmulo de nutrientes pelos cachos. Avaliaram-se nos cachos amostrados a massa da matéria fresca, o comprimento e a largura dos cachos e baga, e diâmetro do pedicelo. Os cachos de cada vinhedo amostrado foram secos em estufa e posteriormente submetidos à análise química para determinar os teores de macro e micronutrientes, visando a estimar o acúmulo de nutrientes por tonelada de uva. Constatou-se um comportamento semelhante entre os porta-enxertos para os dados de produtividade, duração do ciclo, número de cachos e ramos produtivos, sendo de, respectivamente, 11.100kg ha-1, 134 dias, 13 cachos e 9 ramos produtivos. Quanto às características físicas, os valores médios da massa da matéria fresca, comprimento e largura dos cachos foram de, respectivamente, 209g, 12 e 6,8cm; massa da matéria fresca, comprimento e largura das bagas, e diâmetro do pedicelo de, respectivamente, 4,3g; 19,9; 18,2 e 3,2mm. Quanto ao acúmulo de nutrientes, concluiu-se que a cultivar Niagara Rosada enxertada sobre 'Ripária do Traviú' apresentou maior acúmulo de P, Fe e Zn, enquanto sobre o porta-enxerto 'IAC 766' houve maior acúmulo de Mn. em ambos os porta-enxertos, a 'Niagara Rosada' apresentou a seguinte escala de acúmulo de nutrientes em ordem decrescente: K>N>P>Ca>S>Mg>B>Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn.