Caracterização fisiológica e nutritiva da clorose férrica em citrinos

Tese dout., Ciências Agrárias, Produção Vegetal, Unidade de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias, Universidade do Algarve, 2000

Pomegranate liquor preparation and analysis

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) liquor has been produced for several centuries in the south of Portugal, mainly in the mountain areas. The “Assaria” variety is the preferred cultivar due to its organoleptic properties and high arils to peel ratio. Wild pomegranates are also widely distributed but, despite the health benefits that have been associated to the fruits, they continue to be unappreciated for consumption. Liquor preparation is a very good alternative for wild pomegranate fruits. We prepared pomegranate liquors by following a maceration procedure using the arils or juice of Assaria and wild pomegranate fruits. Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruit spirits were used to prepare the liquors. At the end of the maceration time 5 day as minimum sugar syrup was added. The maturation period was three months or longer. The obtained liquors showed a very attractive pink colour. The colour and the total polyphenol, as well as the anthocyanin and ellagitannin profiles, were measured at the end of the maceration and maturation times. Wild pomegranates gave rise liquors with more intense pink colour and higher polyphenol contents than the prepared using Assaria fruits. The anthocyanin and ellagitannin profiles also indicated higher contents of polyphenols for liquors prepared using wild pomegranate fruits. When juice is used instead of complete arils during the maceration period punicalin is not present and the consequently total polyphenols is low. The main anthocyanins identified in the liquors were delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyaniding-3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin–3-glucoside, cyaniding–3-glucoside, pelargonidin–3–glucoside; the main ellagitannins were punicalagin and punicalin.

Étude de profils psychomoteurs d'enfants à hauts potentiels intellectuels en difficulté d'apprentissage à l'école primaire française

Cette recherche professionnelle porte sur les profils psychomoteurs d'un échantillon de 83 enfants français, garçons et filles de 7, 8 et 9 ans à hauts potentiels intellectuels rencontrant des difficultés pour apprendre à l'école primaire. Elle est mise en oeuvre au moyen d'une méthodologie mixte. Née en France, la psychomotricité est un corpus paramédical qui propose une approche éducative et de remédiation des difficultés d'apprentissage, à partir d'une conception du développement psychomoteur qui considère que les interrelations entre les fonctionnements corporels, les éprouvés émotionnels et les cognitions sont primordiales et qu'elles se réalisent et sont accessibles via l'expérience corporelle globalisante. Ce construit, et les outils d'évaluation qui en découlent, c'est-à-dire le bilan psychomoteur, sont ici mobilisés pour décrire les profils adaptatifs d'enfants à hauts potentiels intellectuels en souffrance pour apprendre. Si les principaux travaux consacrés à ces enfants hors-normes et à leurs développements atypiques évoquent leur sensibilité et fragilité, ils sont trop souvent restreints aux seuls aspects du quotient intellectuel. Les apports de la psychomotricité peuvent donc les compléter. À partir de la description du dialogue tonicoémotionnel, qui inscrit le sujet dans la continuité biologiquepsychologique, l'expérience du corps, sous le double effet de la maturation neuromotrice et du bain environnemental, évolue vers la différenciation des fonctions psychomotrices qui permet la maîtrise gestuelle, la représentation du corps, de l'espace et du temps. Ces descriptions sont cohérentes avec d'autres conceptions multi-référencées qui reconnaissent aux émotions et à leur devenir un rôle important dans le développement, comme la théorie de l'attachement. Elles conduisent au repérage de troubles psychomoteurs. Ceux-ci peuvent friner l'accès aux apprentissages scolaires notamment l'écriture. Ce sont des perturbations de l'équilibre psychocorporel. Par définition et spécifiquement, ils ne répondent pas à une atteinte neurologique et expriment une souffrance psychique. L'analyse centrée sur les variables fournit une vision générale des données collectées. Les corrélations entre les 30 rubriques sont étudiées en les classant par sphères correspondant aux fonctions psychomotrices - motricité - rythme - espace - intégration corporelle - graphomotricité; puis par processus - tonicoémotionnel - sensori-perceptivo-moteur - cognitif - apprentissage explicité. Cette taxonomie éclaire les corrélations et donc les niveaux d'organisation. Ce premier traitement statistique débouche sur a) l'intérêt de la démarche globale en psychomotricité puisque toutes les rubriques étudiées se sont avérées troublées, b) l'apport de la prise en considération des dimensions tonicoémotionnelles, c) l'importance de l'articulation sensori-perceptivo-motrice et d) une confirmation des liens entre les compétences psychomotrices et l'écriture. La seconde étape est une classification hiérarchique ascendante puis une analyse factorielle des grappes. Elle dégage des résultats concernant des différences entre les organisations internes de ces enfants sous-réalisateurs, à partir des poids respectifs des facteurs 1) de la dyspraxie et de la dysgraphie, 2) de l'hyperactivité et de l'anxiété avec impulsivité et difficultés graphiques, 3) des troubles de la motricité large et fine et de l'expression émotionnelle, 4) des troubles spatiaux, 5) des troubles visuopraxiques et de l'intégration corporelle floue, 6) des troubles diffus et légers et 7) des troubles du rythme. Ainsi les cinq grappes sont décrites de manière dynamique comme caractérisées par 1) de bonnes compétences scripturales, des difficultés légères mais aussi des perturbations du tonus musculaire, 2) des tendances dysgraphiques pour des enfants maladroits et inquiets mais aussi avec des compétences préservées, qui se différencient 3) d'enfants franchement dysgraphiques avec des difficultés à se situer et manier les informations relatives à l'espace et au rythme, 4) d'enfants également dysgraphiques mais aussi hyperactifs, anxieux et manquant de référence spatio-temporelle, et 5) de sujets qui dysgraphiques, dyspraxiques, émotifs ont des tendances hyperactives et des incertitudes visuopraxiques. Ainsi à partir de la référence holistique-interactionniste, ces résultats confirment l'intérêt des approches globales et multi-référencées pour explorer les profils des enfants dont le développement n'est pas harmonieux et qui se trouvent confrontés à des difficultés pour apprendre dans le cadre scolaire.

Molecular characterization of Gla-rich protein (GRP) gene expression and function

Gla-rich protein (GRP) is a vitamin K-dependent protein related to bone and cartilage recently described. This protein is characterized by a large number of Gla (γ-carboxyglutamic acid) residues being the protein with the highest Gla content of any known protein. It was found in a widely variety of tissues but highest levels was found in skeletal and cartilaginous tissues. This small secreted protein was also expressed and accumulated in soft tissues and it was clearly associated with calcification pathologies in the same tissues. Although the biological importance of GRP remains to be elucidated, it was suggested a physiological role in cartilage development and calcification process during vertebrate skeleton formation. Using zebrafish, an accepted model to study skeletal development, we have described two grp paralog genes, grp1 and grp2, which exhibited distinct patterns of expression, suggesting different regulatory pathways for each gene. Gene synteny analysis showed that grp2 gene is more closely related to tetrapod grp, although grp1 gene was proposed to be the vertebrate ortholog by sequence comparison. In addition, we identified a functional promoter of grp2 gene and using a functional approach we confirmed the involvement of transcription factors from Sox family (Sox9b and Sox10) in the regulation of grp2 expression. In an effort to provide more information about the function of grp isoforms, we generated two zebrafish transgenic lines capable to overexpress conditionally grp genes and possible roles in the skeleton development were studied. To better understand GRP function a mammalian system was used and the analysis of knockout mice showed that GRP is involved in chondrocyte maturation and the absence of GRP is associated to proteoglycans loss in calcified articular cartilage. In addition, we detected differences in chondrogenesis markers in articular chondrocyte primary culture. Overall, our data suggest a main role for GRP on chondrocyte differentiation.

Potential biomarkers on gametogenesis process and in sperm quality of european EEL (Anguilla anguilla)

Dissertação de mestrado, Aquacultura, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

The effect of stress on egg quality in farmed Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Dissertação de mestrado, Aquacultura, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2011

The function of drosophila integrin adhesion complexes in pupal hemocyte migration in vivo

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014

Identification of the cellular and molecular mechanism by which CD2AP, a regulator of neuronal intracellular transport contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease

Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia Molecular e Genética). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências,2014

Controlo cognitivo na memória episódica : dados de adolescentes e jovens adultos

Dissertação de mestrado, Ciência Cognitiva, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências, Faculdade de Letras, 2014

Structural Diversity in Antibody Interactions with HIV-1 Env Immunogens

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2013

Synaptic dysfunction in early encephalopathies : from genes to function

Tese de doutoramento, Medicina (Neurologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2015

Spectrum of Somatic Hypermutations and Implication on Antibody Function: Case of the anti HIV-1 antibody, b12

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2015

The N-terminal domain modulates α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor desensitization

AMPA receptors are tetrameric glutamate-gated ion channels that mediate fast synaptic neurotransmission in mammalian brain. Their subunits contain a two-lobed N-terminal domain (NTD) that comprises over 40% of the mature polypeptide. The NTD is not obligatory for the assembly of tetrameric receptors, and its functional role is still unclear. By analyzing full-length and NTD-deleted GluA1-4 AMPA receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells, we found that the removal of the NTD leads to a significant reduction in receptor transport to the plasma membrane, a higher steady state-to-peak current ratio of glutamate responses, and strongly increased sensitivity to glutamate toxicity in cell culture. Further analyses showed that NTD-deleted receptors display both a slower onset of desensitization and a faster recovery from desensitization of agonist responses. Our results indicate that the NTD promotes the biosynthetic maturation of AMPA receptors and, for membrane-expressed channels, enhances the stability of the desensitized state. Moreover, these findings suggest that interactions of the NTD with extracellular/synaptic ligands may be able to fine-tune AMPA receptor-mediated responses, in analogy with the allosteric regulatory role demonstrated for the NTD of NMDA receptors.

Developmental switch in the kinase dependency of long-term potentiation depends on expression of GluA4 subunit-containing AMPA receptors

The AMPA-receptor subunit GluA4 is expressed transiently in CA1 pyramidal neurons at the time synaptic connectivity is forming, but its physiological significance is unknown. Here we show that GluA4 expression is sufficient to alter the signaling requirements of long-term potentiation (LTP) and can fully explain the switch in the LTP kinase dependency from PKA to Ca2(+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II during synapse maturation. At immature synapses, activation of PKA leads to a robust potentiation of AMPA-receptor function via the mobilization of GluA4. Analysis of GluA4-deficient mice indicates that this mechanism is critical for neonatal PKA-dependent LTP. Furthermore, lentiviral expression of GluA4 in CA1 neurons conferred a PKA-dependent synaptic potentiation and LTP regardless of the developmental stage. Thus, GluA4 defines the signaling requirements for LTP and silent synapse activation during a critical period of synapse development.

Molecular mechanisms controlling synaptic recruitment of GluA4 subunit-containing AMPAreceptors

Synaptic recruitment of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) represents a key postsynaptic mechanism driving functional development and maturation of glutamatergic synapses. At immature hippocampal synapses, PKA-driven synaptic insertion of GluA4 is the predominant mechanism for synaptic reinforcement. However, the physiological significance and molecular determinants of this developmentally restricted form of plasticity are not known. Here we show that PKA activation leads to insertion of GluA4 to synaptic sites with initially weak or silent AMPAR-mediated transmission. This effect depends on a novel mechanism involving the extreme C-terminal end of GluA4, which interacts with the membrane proximal region of the C-terminal domain to control GluA4 trafficking. In the absence of GluA4, strengthening of AMPAR-mediated transmission during postnatal development was significantly delayed. These data suggest that the GluA4-mediated activation of silent synapses is a critical mechanism facilitating the functional maturation of glutamatergic circuitry during the critical period of experience-dependent fine-tuning.