Consolidação de suportes com pintura mural: síntese e caraterização de materiais nano-estruturados

Está em curso no Laboratório HERCULES / LNEC um estudo relacionado com o desenvolvimento de novos materiais nano-estruturados e inovadores, destinados à conservação do Património Cultural, mais precisamente, para a consolidação de pintura mural. Numa primeira fase, serão sintetizados materiais de consolidação à base de cal, com tamanho e morfologia controlados, compatíveis, eficazes, de longa durabilidade após aplicação e ambientalmente sustentáveis.

Produção e avaliação de materiais de referência para nutrientes e contaminantes inorgânicos em amostras agronômicas.

A intensa busca por confiabilidade de resultados torna cada vez mais importante o papel dos materiais de referência, principalmente em química analítica, pois fornecem referências metrológicas visando assegurar a rastreabilidade de medições e ainda são fundamentais para a validação de métodos analíticos. O aumento da demanda por novos materiais de referência é gradativo em todas as áreas do conhecimento, porém os setores agropecuários e de alimentos estão entre os mais carentes. No Brasil, essa demanda é atendida somente pela importação do material a custos elevados, sendo freqüente a inexistência de materiais adequados às necessidades do país. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho visou à produção de material de referência para nutrientes e contaminantes inorgânicos em fosfato de rocha, matéria-prima utilizada para a fabricação de fertilizantes. O material foi produzido seguindo as seguintes etapas, estabelecidas internacionalmente pelas ISO GUIAS 30 a 35: preparo e envase do material, avaliação da homogeneidade, teste de estabilidade a curto e a longos períodos e na caracterização prévia, que consistiu na montagem do ensaio colaborativo, com a distribuição do material preparado a laboratórios que se dispuseram a colaborar com o projeto. Ainda foram realizados estudos voltados ao preparo da amostra visando a rapidez e redução de uso de reagentes. A avaliação da estimativa da massa mínima, da homogeneidade e da estabilidade do material foi realizada utilizando-se como técnica de determinação a espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES). Para a determinação de fósforo foi avaliado o emprego de espectrometria de emissão com plasma induzida por laser (LIBS). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância de fator único (ANOVA) e a homogeneidade e a estabilidade do material apresentaram médias dentro do intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados obtidos durante o preparo e através do ensaio colaborativo possibilitaram a caracterização química e o calculo das incertezas relativas a cada etapa do preparo do material, sendo elaborada a carta controle com os resultados do material de referência e as incertezas expandidas para cada um dos analitos em estudo. Parte do trabalho foi desenvolvido junto ao National Research Council Canada (NRCC) em Ottawa no Canadá, onde foi avaliada a aplicabilidade do sistema de combustão iniciada por radiação microondas no preparo de amostras de materiais de referência nacionais anteriormente preparados, fígado bovino (RM-Agro E3001a) e forrageira (RM-Agro E1001a), para a determinação de As, Cd, Cu e Pb por espectrometria de massas com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS), sendo obtidos resultados que poderão ser aplicados em outros materiais orgânicos e inorgânicos.

Odontopediatria: materiais restauradores

Este vídeo integra o Curso EAD Odontopediatria, desenvolvido pelo TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS com o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia da UFRGS. O vídeo tem como temas principais os princípios restauradores e os materiais utilizados em odontopediatria.

Uso de materiais intelectuais produzidos por terceiros: possibilidades e cuidados necessários

Apresenta os principais cuidados que devem ser tomados na utilização de obras de terceiros. Vídeo da atividade 1, unidade 3, do Curso de Direitos Autorais, ofertado pela Universidade Aberta do SUS.

Uso de materiais produzidos pela UNA-SUS [direitos autorais]

Apresenta os principais cuidados que devem ser tomados em relação aos materiais produzidos pela UNA-SUS. Vídeo da atividade 2, unidade 3, do Curso de Direitos Autorais, ofertado pela Universidade Aberta do SUS.

Adesão as medidas preventivas de acidentes com materiais biológicos para trabalhadores de enfermagem atuantes na Atenção Básica à Saúde

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, aspectos relevantes sobre a temática: adesão às medidas preventivas de acidentes com materiais biológicos de trabalhadores de Enfermagem atuantes na Atenção Básica à Saúde. Esta revisão narrativa possui conteúdos extraídos de artigos publicados nas seguintes bases de dados e bibliotecas virtuais: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BIREME) e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Também foram utilizados acervos de bibliotecas universitárias, onde foram selecionados artigos científicos, teses, dissertações, monografias, anais de eventos, dentre outros materiais relevantes para este estudo. Os trabalhadores de Enfermagem, sobretudo aqueles que atuam diretamente com os pacientes, estão constantemente sujeitos a fatores ocupacionais que colocam em risco sua segurança e saúde. Neste sentido, é importante que os profissionais sejam capazes de avaliar estes riscos, principalmente os biológicos, e buscar preveni-los ou minimiza-los, seja por meio da utilização de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual, ou de uma postura ativa que privilegie as medidas preventivas. Assim, esta revisão de literatura constitui-se como o primeiro passo de um longo caminho que necessita de uma equipe de enfermagem empenhada e disposta a agir em favor de sua própria qualidade de vida

Características físicas e mecânicas de misturas de solo, cimento e cinzas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar

This work was done with the objective of studying some physical and mechanical characteristics of the sugarcane bagasse ash added to a soil-cement mixture, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The sugarcane bagasse ash pre-treatment included both sieving and grinding, before mixing with soil and cement. Different proportions of cement-ash were tested by determining its standard consistence and its compressive resistance at 7 and 28 days age. The various treatments were subsequently applied to the specimens molded with different soil-cement-ash mixtures which in turns were submitted to compaction, unconfined compression and water absorption laboratory tests. The results showed that it is possible to replace up to 20% of Portland cement by sugarcane bagasse ash without any damage to the mixture's compressive strength.

Características físicas e mecânicas de misturas de solo, cimento e casca de arroz

The main objective of this work is the study of the effect of rice husk addition on the physical and mechanical properties of soil-cement, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The rice husk preparation consisted of grinding, sieving, and the pre-treatment with lime solution. The physical characteristics of the soil and of the rice husk were determined. Different amounts of soil, cement and rice husk were tested by compaction and unconfined compression. The specimens molded according to the treatments applied to the mixtures were subsequently submitted to compression testing and to tensile splitting cylinder testing at 7 and 28 days of age and to water absorption testing. After determining its physical and mechanical characteristics, the best results were obtained for the soil + 12% (cement + rice husk) mixture. The results showed a promising use as an alternative construction material.

Transferência de massa e secagem em leitos vibrofluidizados: uma revisão

Development of processing technology and equipments requires new methods and better quality of the processed product. In the continuous drying process, utilization of equipments that promotes an increment in the transfer coefficients becomes of the major interest. The use of vibrational energy has been recommended to the dispersed materials. Such method is based on the use of vibrational energy applied to disperse media. Thus, a literature review on the mass transfer and drying in vibro-fluidized beds was carried out, showing experimental results and mathematical modeling.

Avaliação de estrutura de bambu como elemento construtivo para casa de vegetação

The use of technology to protect and produce vegetables and ornamental plants was developed over several adaptation phases that supported the demand for quality and amount of products. These developments also reduced production costs and climate damage to the crops. Many of these adaptations were carried out by farmers on their own initiative, using different materials and devices to solve their problems. This study was carried out at Agricultural Engineering College - Campinas University/UNICAMP, from December 2002 to January 2003, with the objective of evaluating the deformations of the constructive system of bamboo structure for greenhouses, submitted to different spacing among columns, and different vertical strains. It was tested the use of beams and columns built with bamboo stems from the specie Bambusa tuldoides Munro. The beams and columns were tied together with plastic spacing parts, specially designed to facilitate and standardize the construction of the building, providing more resistance and stability. Three column spaces (2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 m) were evaluated under different load strains. The best result was obtained with a spacing of 2.5 m.

Efeito da adição de cinza da casca de arroz em misturas cimento-casca de arroz

The rice husk and its ash are abundant and renewable and can be used to obtain alternative building materials. An increase in the consumption of such waste could help minimize the environmental problems from their improper disposal. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ashes as a cargo mineral (filler). However, the rice husk chemically interferes in the conduct of the based cement mixtures. Thus, different mixes cement-rice husk with and without the addition of ash were evaluated in order to highlight the influence of its components (husk; ash), which could otherwise be excluded or be underestimated. Cylindrical samples (test of simple compression and traction by diametrical compression) and samples extracted from manufactured pressed board (test of bending and parallel compression to the surface), were used to evaluate the behavior of different mixtures of components (rice hush; RHA - rice husk ahs). The results of the mechanical tests showed, in general, there is not a statistical difference between the mixtures, which are associated with the chemical suppressive effect of the rice husk ash. The mixture of rice husk of 10 mm, with an addition of 35% of the rice husk ash, is notable for allowing the highest consumption of rice husk and rice husk ash, to reduce 25% the consumption of cement and to allow the storage (without emissions to the atmosphere), around 1.9 ton of CO2 per ton of cement consumed, thus contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions, which can stimulate rural constructions under an ecological point of view.

Formação das substâncias de reserva durante o desenvolvimento de sementes de urucum (Bixa orellana L. - Bixaceae)

Annatto seeds do not germinate during early stages of their development because of insufficient reserve substances. In situ analysis showed that the principal reserves are proteins and starch, deposited in endosperm cells. During the early stages of development, the starch grains were elliptic, because amylose was the minor component. During development, these grains became more spherical due to an increase in amylose relative to amylopectin. Endosperm cells do not contain protein bodies, but they accumulate proteins dispersed in the cytoplasm. At the final stage of development the proteins became compacted due to the dehydration of the seeds wich is part of the global process of orthodox seeds maturation. Natural fluorescence revealed aromatic amino acids, principally tryptophan and tyrosine in the proteins. The seeds reached their maximum dry weight after moisture contents had declined to around 60%. At this point the seeds presented maximum germination capacity.

Variabilidade espacial da textura de um latossolo sob cultivo de citros

Relief influences soil texture variability, since it contributes to the time of exposition of the materials to weathering factors. Our work was carried out in the city of Gavião Peixoto (SP), with the objective of characterizing the spatial variability of texture of a dystrophic Red Latosol cultivated with citrus. The hillside was divided into three segments: top, stocking lean and inferior lean. Soil samples were collected in a grid with regular intervals of 50 m, at the depths of 0.0-0.2 m and 0.6-0.8 m, comprising a total of 332 points in an area of 83.5 ha. The data were submitted to descriptive and geostatistics analyses (semivariogram modeling and kriging maps). The spatial behavior of the texture of oxisols is directly related to the relief forms in this study, which controls the direction of surface and subsurface water flows. The concept of homogeneity of clay distribution in the Oxisol profile is a piece of information that can be adjusted by knowing the spatial pattern of this distribution in different relief forms.

Estudo inicial da degradação in vivo de poli(L-co-D,L ácido lático), sintetizado em laboratório, aplicado como prótese tibial em coelhos

The copolymer poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid), PLDLA, has gained prominence in the field of temporary prostheses due to the fact that their time of degradation is quite compatible with the requirement in the case of osseous fracture. In this work the in vivo degradation of devices from copolymer, as a system of plates and screws, used in fixation of the tibia of rabbits was studied. The devices were implanted in 15 adult rabbits, albinos, New Zealand race, and they were used as control devices of alloys of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V/ V grade). The use of copolymers, synthesized in the laboratory, was tested in the repair of fracture in rabbits'tibias, being assessed in the following times: 2 weeks, 2 months and 3 months. Morphological analysis of tissue surrounding the plate and screw system, for 2 weeks of implantation, showed the presence of osteoblasts, indicating a pre bone formation. After 2 months there was new bone formation in the region in contact with the polymer. This bone growth occurred simultaneously with the process of PLDLA degradation, invading the region where there was polymer and after 3 months there was an intense degradation of the copolymer and hence greater tissue invasion compared to 2 months which characterized bone formation in a region where the polymer degraded. The in vivo degradation study of the devices for PLDLA by means of histological evaluations during the period of consolidation of the fracture showed the efficiency of plate and screw system, and it was possible to check formation of bone tissue at the implantation site, without the presence of inflammatory reaction

Efeito cariostático de restaurações adesivas em superfícies radiculares: estudo in vitro

Dental materials that release fluoride have been shown to be effective in caries inhibition around restorations. Adhesive materials would also be effective in caries inhibition by sealing and protecting cavity margins from acidic demineralization. This in vitro study tested the hypothesis that composite restorations with a dentin adhesive system have a caries preventive effect similar to that of an adhesive material with fluoride - glass-ionomer cement - on root surfaces. Twenty roots from extracted sound third molars were embedded in polystyrene resin and ground flat. Standardized cavities were prepared in leveled root surfaces and randomly restored with (a) Chelon-Fil (Espe) or (b) Z100/SingleBond (3M). Baseline indentations were measured at 100, 200 and 300 mum from the occlusal margins of each restoration and the surface microhardness values were obtained using a Knoop diamond indenter. A 2.0 mm wide margin around the restorations was submitted to a pH-cycling model, at 37ºC. After that, surface microhardness was measured again, as it was before. The differences between baseline and final surface microhardness were considered for statistical analysis. The median values of differences were (a): -3.8; -0.3; -1.0; and (b): 3.3; 2.5; 1.7, for the distances of 100, 200 and 300 mum, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test did not show statistically significant difference between 100, 200 and 300 mum distances in each tested group. There was no difference between the studied materials at the distances of 200 and 300 mum. Chelon-Fil was statistically different from Z100/SingleBond, at 100 mum (p<0.05). Under the studied conditions, the glass-ionomer cement had a higher caries preventive effect than the composite/dentin adhesive restorations.