News from an Old Excavation: Two Hitherto Unnoticed Measure Capacity Signs on an Egyptian Stone Vessel of the Middle Kingdom from Royal Tomb II at Byblos

Excavated by French Egyptologist P. Montet in the 1920s, Royal Tomb II at Byblos (Bronze Age Gubla) yielded a significant number of Egyptian objects of the Middle Kingdom. Among these finds is a stone vessel with lid that carries the cartouche of a king named Amenemhat, often believed to be Amenemhat IV of the late Middle Kingdom. Hitherto unnoticed by the scholarly community, however, are two Egyptian measure capacity signs on the stone vessel itself. Since measure capacity signs on stone vessels dating to the Middle Kingdom are only rarely attested even in Egypt, the signs on the stone vessel from Royal Tomb II at Byblos therefore contribute considerably to our understanding of the use and application of such signs. The article deals with the examination of these signs and tries to correlate them with the actual capacity of the vessel.

Ein schön news Geystliches Lied : Ach Gott was sol ich singen, mein frewd die ist mir fern, [etc.]

In Fraktur

Measuring Potential Output and Output Gap and Macroeconomic Policy: The Case of Kenya

Measuring the level of an economy.s potential output and output gap are essential in identifying a sustainable non-inflationary growth and assessing appropriate macroeconomic policies. The estimation of potential output helps to determine the pace of sustainable growth while output gap estimates provide a key benchmark against which to assess inflationary or disinflationary pressures suggesting when to tighten or ease monetary policies. These measures also help to provide a gauge in the determining the structural fiscal position of the government. This paper attempts to measure Kenya.s potential output and output gap using alternative statistical techniques and structural methods. Estimation of potential output and output gap using these techniques shows varied results. The estimated potential output growth using different methods gave a range of .2.9 to 2.4 percent for 2000 and a range of .0.8 to 4.6 for 2001. Although various methods produce varied results, they however provided a broad consensus on the over-all trend and performance of the Kenyan economy. This study found that firstly, potential output growth is declining over the recent time and secondly, the Kenyan economy is contracting in the recent years.

Macroeconomic Rationality and Lucas' Misperceptions Model: Further Evidence from Forty-One Countries

Several researchers have examined Lucas's misperceptions model as well as various propositions derived from it within a cross-section empirical framework. The cross-section approach imposes a single monetary policy regime for the entire period. Our paper innovates on existing tests of those rational expectations propositions by allowing the simultaneous effect of monetary and short run aggregate supply (oil price) shocks on output behavior and the employment of advanced panel econometric techniques. Our empirical findings, for a sample of 41 countries over 1949 to 1999, provide evidence in favor of the majority of rational expectations propositions.

Technology Creation, Diffusion, and Growth Cycles

Standard macroeconomic models that assume an exogenous stochastic process for multifactor productivity offer the interpretation that recessions are the result of ''bad news'' (technological regress) and expansions are the result of ''good news'' (technological advancement). The view taken here is that both expansions and recessions are the result of ''good news'' in the sense that in both cases, aggregate production possibilities have increased. Recessions can be thought of as the transition from one technological frontier to the next.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 700 - "Labor Under National Socialism" "Notes on a Study in News Commentators" Forschungsprojekte und Memoranden zur Umgestaltung Nachkriegs-Deutschlands, besonders zur Umerziehung (p. IX 170a - IX 172.2-8)

Neumann, Franz L.: "Labor Under National Socialism", 19.03.1942. Typoskript, 66 Blatt; Löwenthal, Leo: "Notes on a Study in News Commentators" 23.01.1943; "Notes on a Study on News Commentators". Typoskript, 34 Blatt; "Treatment of Selected New Topics in News and News Commentator Programs". Typoskript, 53 Blatt; Forschungsprojekte und Memoranden zur Umgestaltung Nachkriegs-Deutschlands, besonders zur Umerziehung, 1942-1949; 1. "Project To Survey Present German Educational Practices in the Field of Social Sciences as a Means for Democratization. Supplementary Statements" 28.02.1949; a) Teilstück, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; b)-f) Typoskripte, zum Teil mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 21 Blatt; g) Eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; h) Eigenhändige Notizen von Theodor W. Adorno, 1 Blatt; 2. Marcuse, Herbert: 2 Briefe mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer und Beil, ohne Ort, 1949; 1 Brief mit Unterschrift von Max Horkheimer, Pacific Palisades, 25.02.1949; 3. "German Project" a) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 12 Blatt; b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 12 Blatt; c) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 5 Blatt; d) Eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; 4. Emhardt, K.H.: 1 Briefabschrift an Max Horkheimer, München, 20.06.1948, 1 Blatt; 5. "Untersuchunge über die Durchführung und das Ergebnis der politischen Säuberung an den Hochschulen der Westzone" a) Typoskript, 4 Blatt; b) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt; 6. Über Antisemitismus und politische Fragen im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Auszug aus einem Brief von "F.L.", 1949, Typoskirpt, 9 Blatt; 7. "Liste of Signers of the 1933 manifesto". 1 Blatt; 8. Marcuse, Herbert: Über Probleme der Demokratisierung und des Chauvinismus im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Teilstück eines Typoskripts, 4 Blatt, mit einem eigenhändigen Brief mit Unterschrift an Leo Löwenthal, ohne Ort, 25.11.1948, 1 Blatt;

News media coverage of policies surrounding the HPV vaccine before and after Texas Governor Rick Perry's executive order, February 2006-February 2008

Objective. In June 2006, the first vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV) was approved by the FDA and shortly after approval, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to recommend the HPV vaccine for young girls. As a result of ACIP recommendations, state legislators introduced bills to mandate the vaccine. Policies related to public health issues, such as vaccination mandates, are often influenced by news coverage of these issues. News media, particularly in times of controversies, reinforce specific messages and plays an essential role in framing issues for the public. The objective of this study is to examine the quality, content, and scope of policies for the HPV vaccine before and after Texas Governor Rick Perry issued an executive order mandating the vaccine for middle school girls.^ Methods. The Lexis-Nexis database was used to identify 335 articles on HPV vaccination mandate policies that were published in U.S. newspapers from February 1, 2006 to February 2, 2008. The coding instrument captured information about article type, main news story concern, general information about HPV, HPV vaccine mandate policies, arguments for and against HPV vaccination mandates, arguments for and against the HPV vaccine, and sources of information.^ Results. Most news articles (82.4%) occurred after Governor Rick Perry issued an executive order mandating the HPV vaccine. Most articles mentioned that HPV is sexually transmitted (90.7%) and linked HPV infection to cervical cancer (96.1%). Only 63.9% of the articles reported that the HPV vaccine protects against types of HPV that cause cervical cancer and 18.8% of the articles reported that the vaccine protects against genital warts. Only 18.2% of the news articles presented a balanced argument regarding mandatory HPV vaccinations, and only 39.4% of the news articles presented a balanced argument for the HPV vaccine.^ Conclusions. Our study revealed that news coverage regarding mandating the HPV vaccine and issues related to the vaccine itself is biased, unbalanced, and incomplete. Since the public pays a great deal of attention to health in the media, it is essential that news stories are balanced, complete, and accurate. In order to ensure that future vaccination mandates are not covered in the same way the HPV vaccination was, public health officials, health care providers and scientists should work effectively with the media to ensure that balanced information is provided.^