COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE A APLICAÇÃO ÚNICA E FRACIONADA DO LASER DE BAIXA INTENSIDADE NA MOVIMENTAÇÃO DENTÁRIA EM RATOS

O laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) tem demonstrado efeitos bioestimulatórios na movimentação ortodôntica, acelerando a resposta celular e, reduzindo o tempo de tratamento. Entretanto, o uso do LBI seria mais efetivo com maior potência, menor tempo (única irradiação), ou a junção da menor potência e tempo em aplicação fracionada? Este estudo visou quantificar a movimentação de molares de 64 ratos e suas alterações histológicas, submetidos a uma força ortodôntica, liberada por meio de uma mola fechada de níquel-titânio (Niti/25gf), calibrada em 20gf. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (cada grupo com 16 ratos), de acordo com os seguintes protocolos de irradiação do laser GaAlAs(780nm): grupo controle , submetidos à movimentação ortodôntica mas sem aplicação do LBI ; grupo total 1 (P=60mW/DE=15J/cm²/Et=6J/t=100seg), com a movimentação ortodôntica associada à única aplicação do LBI laser (P=60mW/DE=15J/cm²/Et=6J/t=100seg) no dia zero. Grupo total 2 em que o LBI foi aplicado no dia 0, segundo o protocolo P=20mW/DE=15J/cm²/E=6J/t=300seg;,; e Grupo fracionado em que o LBI foi aplicado nos dias 0, 3 e 7, empregando-se o protocolo (P=20mW/DE=5J/cm²/E=2J/t=100seg). Os sacrifício dos ratos foi realizado em quatro momentos (dias 1,4,8 e 15), sendo que 4 ratos de cada grupo foi sacrificado em cada um dos dias. A quantidade de movimentação ortodôntica foi mensurada in loco por meio de paquímetro digital, antes da instalação das molas e, imediatamente após o sacrifício dos animais. Para o exame histológico, as maxilas foram removidas, preparadas e coradas pelo sistema H/E. Os resultados foram avaliados pela Análise de Variância, seguida do teste Tukey (p<0,05). O grupo fracionado apresentou maior movimentação dentária frente aos demais nos dias 4 e 8, sendo que os grupos total 1 e 2 demonstraram maior movimentação dentária que o controle somente no dia 8. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos total 1 e 2 em todo o período avaliado. Este estudo concluiu que, o laser de baixa intensidade acelerou a movimentação dentária, salientando-se o efeito da aplicação fracionada em relação às aplicações únicas.

CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL ÁLCOOL E DROGAS (CAPS-ad): A EX-PERIÊNCIA DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE MENTAL NUMA UNIDADE DA BAIXA MOGIANA

O uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas tem sido objeto de preocupação e alvo de políticas públicas de enfrentamento, praticamente no mundo todo. O reconhecimento de que tal forma de uso acarreta relevantes consequências econômicas, sociais, acadêmicas, familiares e de saúde física e mental, tem levado as autoridades competentes a criar programas que visam a fazer frente à expansão desse fenômeno. No Brasil, após um período em que o tratamento oferecido aos usuários de substâncias era predominantemente asilar, vem ocorrendo mudanças significativas no modelo de atenção a essa população, notadamente com a implantação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas, dentro da estrutura do Sistema Único de Saúde SUS. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar a percepção dos pro-fissionais de saúde mental que atuam no CAPS-ad, sobre a pertinência e a eficácia das abor-dagens e técnicas por eles utilizadas no atendimento aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas. Visa também a conhecer a formação acadêmica e complementar desses trabalhadores; a natu-reza das relações profissionais que se estabelecem entre os membros da equipe; os resultados obtidos com o trabalho e o grau de satisfação dos profissionais com esses resultados. Objetiva ainda a identificar a representação que eles fazem desses usuários e o grau de confiança na proposta CAPS-ad. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a técnica de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado com base na técnica de Análise de Conte-údo de Laurence Bardin. A investigação revelou que os profissionais não têm formação para lidar com dependência química, que a equipe não atua de forma interdisciplinar e que o trata-mento é realizado de forma aleatória e com baixa eficácia. A representação que fazem do usu-ário é a de um indivíduo doente e ou vitimado pelas condições familiares e sócio-econômicas. Constatou-se também que a maioria dos profissionais tem dúvidas quanto à adequação do CAPS-ad como proposta para cuidar dos usuários de álcool e outras drogas.

Trissoralen um medicamento de baixa dosagem: estudos termoanalíticos da compatibilidade do fármaco-excipientes e determinação de parâmetros de qualidade para cápsulas magistrais

The trioxsalen (Tri) is a low-dose drug used in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin diseases. The aim of the study was applying the thermal analysis and complementary techniques for characterization, evaluation of the trioxsalen stability and components of manipulated pharmaceutical formulations. The thermal behavior of the Tri by TG/DTG-DTA in dynamic atmosphere of synthetic air and nitrogen showed the same profile with a melting peak followed by a volatilization-related event. From the curves TG / DTG is observed a single stage of mass loss. By heating the drug in the stove at temperatures of 80, 240 and 260 °C, it had no change in chemical structure through the techniques of XRD, HPLC, MIR, OM and SEM. From the non-isothermal and isothermal TG kinetic studies was possible to calculate the activation energy and reaction order for the Tri. The drug showed good thermal stability. Studies on drug-excipient compatibility showed interaction of trissoralen with sodium lauryl sulfate 1:1. There was no interaction with aerosol, pregelatinized starch, sodium starch glycolate, cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, lactose and mannitol.The characterization of three trioxsalen formulations at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 mg was performed by DSC, TG / DTG, XRD, NIR and MIR. The PCA classification method based on spectral data from the NIR and MIR of trissoralen formulations allows successful differentiation into three groups. The formulation 3 was the one that best showed analytical profile with the following composition of aerosil excipients, pre-gelatinized starch and cellulose. The activation energy of the volatilization process of the drug was determined in binary mixtures and formulation 3 through fitting and isoconversional methods. The binary mixture with sodium starch glycolate and lactose showed differences in kinetic parameters compared to the drug isolated. The thermoanalytical techniques (DSC and TG / DTG) were shown to be promising methodologies for quantifying trioxsalen obtained by the linearity, selectivity, no use solvents, without sample preparation, speed and practicality.

Desenvolvimento de pastas cimentantes contendo nanossílica como material estendedor para aplicação em fases iniciais, de poços petrolíferos, submetidas à baixa temperatura (5°c ± 3ºc)

The improved performance of hydraulic binders, the base of Portland cement, consists in the careful selection and application of materials that promote greater durability and reduced maintenance costs There is a wide variety of chemical additives used in Portland cement slurries for cementing oil wells. These are designed to work in temperatures below 0 ° C (frozen areas of land) to 300 ° C (thermal recovery wells and geothermal); pressure ranges near ambient pressure (in shallow wells) to greater than 200 MPa (in deep wells). Thus, additives make possible the adaptation of the cement slurries for application under various conditions. Among the materials used in Portland cement slurry, for oil wells, the materials with nanometer scale have been applied with good results. The nanossílica, formed by a dispersion of SiO2 particles, in the nanometer scale, when used in cement systems improves the plastic characteristics and mechanical properties of the hardened material. This dispersion is used commercially as filler material, modifier of rheological properties and / or in recovery processes construction. It is also used in many product formulations such as paints, plastics, synthetic rubbers, adhesives, sealants and insulating materials Based on the above, this study aims to evaluate the performance of nanossílica as extender additive and improver of the performance of cement slurries subjected to low temperatures (5 ° C ± 3 ° C) for application to early stages of marine oil wells. Cement slurries were formulated, with densities 11.0;12.0 and 13.0 ppg, and concentrations of 0; 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%. The cement slurries were subjected to cold temperatures (5 ° C ± 3 ° C), and its evaluation performed by tests rheological stability, free water and compressive strength in accordance with the procedures set by API SPEC 10A. Thermal characterization tests (TG / DTA) and crystallographic (XRD) were also performed. The use of nanossílica promoted reduction of 30% of the volume of free water and increased compression resistance value of 54.2% with respect to the default cement slurry. Therefore, nanossílica presented as a promising material for use in cement slurries used in the early stages of low-temperature oil wells

O envelhecimento no espaço midiático: a produção de sentidos pelos meios jornalísticos

Aging as a social phenomenon is guided in the ways of production and reproduction, that is linked to the peculiarities and compliances of the social structure influence the values and erected senses. The search for the understanding of the reality will be given by the appropriation of knowledge/information that in contemporary times are increasingly tied to the media means, so that they go beyond the mere condition media, reaching the condition of instruments of direct, attitudes and opinions production. Among the media instruments, there are news medias, that are important means of information dissemination and consequently production of senses, including over aging. Thus, the objective is to: apprehend the social representations and meanings associated with aging in the media space about aging; browse the social representations about aging in media space and their influence on the relations that are established in the cultural socio-economic context. To do it The Theory of Social Representation will be used. To collect the data, 57 online news from the three main state newspapers were studied: Tribuna do Norte, Gazeta do Povo and Jornal de Hoje, which were captured through a search tol of these newspaper sites, using the words: “aging””elderly”. These materials were analyzed making use of Bardin’s Qualitative Analysis, which allowed the establishment of five categories, namely: Aging and violence; Aging in contemporary times; Aging and health; Aging and citizenship; and Aging, work and action. In the first category news reporting violent situations are framed the regardless of the victim’s condition or the one charged by the violence, the fragility of elderly persists. In Aging in contemporary times the attempts of the news media to explain the demographic changes of the quantitative increases in the elderly, the burden it may lead to the full development of the country are noticed. In Aging and health is noticed the imminent end of the condition brought on age, as a synonym for diseases and conditions. In the fourth category, Aging and citizenship situations are shown where peculiarities and needs or the elderly need to turn into obligation to be fulfilled, denouncing the condition of low expression and social power of the class. Finally, in Aging, work and action situations that indicate the non-expectation of elderly interaction with new technologies and participation in decision-making directions of society are brought. In a general and specific form this analysis allowed learning the ways of production of meanings about aging in the papers, as these ones tend to represent aging through intentioned situations as hegemonic needs, building the social representation of the elderly as fragile person, submissive, inactive, subject to violence and susceptible to becoming ill.

Indicador de inconformidades em instalações elétricas de baixa tensão

With the progress of devices technology, generation and use of energy ways, power quality parameters start to influence more significantly the various kinds of power consumers. Currently, there are many types of devices that analyze power quality. However, there is a need to create devices, and perform measurements and calculate parameters, find flaws, suggest changes, and to support the management of the installation. In addition, you must ensure that such devices are accessible. To maintain this balance, one magnitude measuring method should be used which does not require great resources processing or memory. The work shows that application of the Goertzel algorithm, compared with the commonly used FFT allows measurements to be made using much less hardware resources, available memory space to implement management functions. The first point of the work is the research of troubles that are more common for low voltage consumers. Then we propose the functional diagram indicate what will be measured, calculated, what problems will be detected and that solutions can be found. Through the Goertzel algorithm simulation using Scilab, is possible to calculate frequency components of a distorted signal with satisfactory results. Finally, the prototype is assembled and tests are carried out by adjusting the parameters necessary for one to maintain a reliable device without increasing its cost.

Efeitos da terapia laser de baixa intensidade associada ao exercício aeróbio no reparo de tenotomia do tendão de aquiles de ratos diabéticos

Diabetes Mellitus (DM ) is a complex disease that requires continuous medical care for the reduction of risk factors in addition to glycemic control. The typical hyperglycemia of this disease produces glycosylation of proteins and so the consequence is the accumulation of glycosylation final products in various human tissues, among them, the tendon. The aerobic exercise (AE) and the low level laser therapy (LLLT) have been used to treat tendinopathies in individuals with or without DM. Objective: The aim of this study was to watch the effect of the LLLT and the AE, in association, in partial tenotomy of the tissue repair of the Achilles tendon (AT) of diabetic rats. Methods: 91 animals were utilized and divided in to the following groups: control group (GC), injured control group (GCL), diabetic group (GD), diabetic group LLLT (GD – TLBI), diabetic group trained (GD - EX) and diabetic group trained laser (GD-EX+TLBI). The animals were submitted to intervention with AE, using a protocol with a progressive increase of time (12 to 60 min) and speed of (4 to 9 m/min), and the LLLT (660 nm laser, 10mW, 4 J/cm², single point for 16 seconds, three times for week). It was analyzed morphological, biomechanical and molecular characteristics. For data showing normal distribution was used one-way ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey and data without normal distribution was used Mann Whitney test and post hoc Dunn's. It was accepted p <0.05 for statistical significance Results: The biomechanical tests indicated major improvement in the GC and GD-EX+TLBI groups when compared with the diabetic groups in the following variables: maximum load, strain, absorbed energy, stress, cross section area, elastic modulus and energy density (p<0.05). The analysis through molecular biology indicated that the association of aerobic exercise and LLLT generated an increase of the collagen I gene expression and modulated the expression of the MMP2 and MMP9 (p<0.05). No observed any major improvement in the morphological variable studied. Conclusion: the LLLT associated with aerobic exercise promotes and increase of the mechanical properties, in the control of collagen I gene expression and of the MMP2 and MMP9 of the diabetic rats.

BURNOUT: analisando a síndrome do ramo das indústrias alimentícias do Rio Grande do Norte

This paper aims to verify the Burnout´s possibilities of incidence, finding the creating dimensions and comparing with the socio-demographics characteristics of the researched professionals. This quantitative-descriptive search has a population of 197 workers of 23 nourishing companies in Rio Grande do Norte. This population is predominantly male, younger than 28 years old, single, relatively instructed (57,07% with complete high school) and having just started their current job since 79% of the interviewees are in the company less than six years. The AUDITORIA DO SISTEMA HUMANO (ASH) model, utilized for investigation and developed for the Spaniards Quijano and Navarro in 1999, has several dimensions about human resources management and the organizational effectiveness, but only makes part of the research in 19 questions Burnout referring. It was used factorial analyses with extraction method, varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization with the intuition to define the creating dimensions of the syndrome, they were evaluated with Cronbach Alpha coefficient after extraction. The dimensions found through the factorial analyses were: emotional exhaustion, physical exhaustion and vitality. The accumulated explanation value reached 65,30% of total variation. The data socio-demographics don t justify the syndrome appearance, because the T test and ANOVA showed irrelevant values. It has been also observed that the founded dimensions were different of the Maslach sociopsychological perspective (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional realization) allowing comparison with others researches and the possibility to develop new ones with workers from different assistance areas. These new researches are important, since the syndrome refers to chronic labor stress consequences and any professional is favorable to Burnout, harmful to the company as to the collaborators

Espaços de pobreza e mobilidade urbana: os deslocamentos da população de baixa renda em Natal/RN

This dissertation is an attempt to understand how families with an income of up to three minimum wages and living in different Areas of Demographic Expansion (AEDs) of Natal municipality specifically in the districts of Igapó and Salinas (North Administrative Zone of the city), Ponta Negra (South Administrative Zone), Santos Reis, Praia do Meio, Areia Preta and Mãe Luíza (East Administrative Zone) and Felipe Camarão (West Administrative Zone) solve their problems of urban mobility. It is, therefore, a reflection upon the mobility needs of poor urban households as expressed in terms of origin-destiny displacements for specific movements (house-work, house-school, house-shopping, house-healthcare and house-leisure), all of which being analyzed within the relationship between public transportation and poverty spaces of the city. In order to develop the study, theoretical aspects and themes related to the production of the urban space, to social and spatial segregation, to urban mobility and to transportation were confronted with the collected data referring to the urban population previously selected. One of the research main findings is the crucial role mobility plays in the social differentiation of such people living in Natal and that any policy for the improvement of their living conditions must take mobility issues into account

Novas tecnologias para o controle da giberela do trigo na safra 2014 no sudoeste do Paraná

The work consists in wheat production system and the evolution of damage caused by wheat scab. The study considers the lack of resistant cultivars to the disease, the low efficiency of chemical control and the presence of mycotoxins in grains. The study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of fungicides prothioconazole and metconazole; prove the bar deposition efficiency with nozzles directed jets the side of the ear resulting in full coverage of trapped anthers; prove the viability of using a warning system (application after the start of flowering before the onset of rains provided for future 24-48 hours and try to improve the efficiency in controlling scab. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Technological University Federal do Paraná in the city of Pato Branco, Paraná, conducted in two seasons, the first established on May 6, 2014 and the second on 21 May 2014. It was used to cultivate Amethyst field of OR Improvement seeds, . Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Treatments consisted of a control without fungicide application and one and two applications of prothioconazole + 17.5% trifloxystrobin (Fox) 500 ml / ha; metconazole 8.0% + pyraclostrobin 13% ( Opera Ultra) 750 mL / ha In the evaluation, second season, metconazole + pyraclostrobin with two application statistically was the treatment that showed a lower incidence in spikes reducing from 100 to 63.3%;. metconazole + pyraclostrobin performed better also in reducing the incidence of spikelets, 80.3% to 34.7%; the control ears had better results in the second season with two applications of metconazole + pyraclostrobin; in spikelets, in his first season, metconazole + pyraclostrobin with two application resulted in better control with 67%; with two applications of metconazole + pyraclostrobin gave the highest yield even under climatic conditions favorable to disease; metconazole + pyraclostrobin in both seasons showed superior efficiency in controlling FHB giving greater weight gain; with two application of both fungicides, the hectoliter weight was 81 and 79, respectively, each fungicide; the application of fungicides was made in advance of expected rain, occurring seven days of rain and a total volume of 85,2mm the first time, and 16 days of rain and an accumulation of 400 mm in the second period; the test efficiency can be confirmed when the direction of the spray jets launched wings coupled in double nozzle bodies perpendicular to the target upright reaches the sides of the spike. The metconazole + pyraclostrobin proved the most effective fungicide against the prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin in wheat scab control in the 2014 harvest.

Teachers thinking together: novas tecnologias aplicadas à formação continuada de professores de língua inglesa

Acompanha: Teachers thinking together: novas tecnologias aplicadas à formação continuada de professores de língua inglesa

Potencial do óleo de Aloysia citriodora Palau no controle de fitopatógenos e na indução de resistência ao tombamento de plântulas de feijão, pepino e beterraba

The crops are affected by pests and diseases that decrease productivity. Among them are the damping off of seedlings that can occur in pre and post-emergence. In bean crops, cucumber and beet these diseases occur, being caused by various pathogens, especialy fitopathogenic fungi. Several measures are used for the controle of such diseases, among them, is the chemical seed treatment fungicides. However, society has become increasingly concerned about the quality and food and environmental contamination, generation a growting search for sensitive products to humans and the environment. The use of essential oils to control plant pathogens is an example of alternative tested by science in the search for less aggressive technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the use of essential oil Aloysia citriodora, in control of pathogens causing damping off in beans, cucumber and beet. This thesis was divided in four chapters, the introductory first, and the other addressing the control of Pythium sp. in beans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on cucumber, and Fusarium sp. on beet. The methodology consisted of four experiments in each pathosystem, with all the work done at the Federal Technological University of Parana, Campus Dois Vizinhos. In the first experiment evaluated the fungistatic and fungicidal effect of the essential oil of A. citriodora on PDA in vitro in mycelial growth of pathogens studied. In the second experiment evaluated the in vitro effect of essential oil concentrations of A. citriodora in BD medium on microscope slides, on the germination of sporangia Pythium sp. and conidia Fusarium sp., and in Petri dishes with PDA medium, the sclerotia germination speed index of S. sclerotiorum. In the third experiment, we evaluated in germination test in paper roll (PR), the phytotoxic effect or not the use of essential oil concentrations of A. citriodora in dry bean seed, cucumber and beet. The variables used to assess this experiment were the germination percentage, mediun green mass per plant and average length of seedlings. In the fourth experiment we assessed the effect of treating bean seeds, cucumber and beet with essential oil contents of A. citriodora, seeds in their subsequent substrates contamined with pathogens studied, Pythium sp., S. sclerotiorum and Fusarium sp. In this experiment we used the following variables: percentage of emergence, percentage of post-emergence damping off, green average mass per plant, average length per plant and biochemical analyzes. The biochemistry of plant tissues evaluated were as follows: protein content, enzymatic activities of peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-liase (PAL), chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases. The in vitro results show that the essential oil has fungistatic and fungicidal effect on mycelial growth, on sporangia germination, conidia and sclerotia of the pathogens studied in this work, wich may be related to its major components, citral and limonene. The oil also exhibits low phytotoxicity to seeds of the species studied, only in beans decreases germination in most studied dosage (0,25%), cucumber also in the higher dosage (0,25%) reduce the length of seedlings, and beet there were no negative effects to the seedlings. In the test in substrate contaminated with the pathogens, the use of essential oil: increased germination and decreased post emergence damping off of beans seedlings; at a concentration of 0,0625% decreases post emergence damping off in cucumber. In biochemical analyzes found an increase in the enzymatic activity of peroxidases and β-1,3-glucanases on beans, and glucanases on cucumber, and increased enzyme activity of peroxidases on beet, showing action in resistance induction at damping off.