Aplicação de técnicas de detecção de apoptose versus proliferação celular no estudo do mastocitoma canino

A apoptose é um mecanismo de morte celular programada que ocorre naturalmente nos tecidos. Alterações neste mecanismo podem resultar na formação de neoplasias. O mastocitoma é uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais frequente em canídeos. O fator de prognóstico mais utilizado é o grau histológico. Porém, devido à imprevisibilidade desta neoplasia é necessário um melhor conhecimento do comportamento da mesma para se melhorarem competências em oncologia. Neste projeto foram estudados 23 amostras de mastocitomas caninos de variadas idades, raça e sexo, que foram submetidas à técnica de imunohistoquímica de modo a analisar a expressão de dois marcadores pró-apoptóticos (TUNEL e Bax), um marcador antiapoptótico (Bcl-2) e um marcador proliferativo (Ki-67). A expressão de TUNEL, Bcl-2 e Ki-67 aumentou do grau I para o grau III do mastocitoma e a de Bax diminuiu. Houve também uma diminuição na expressão de Bax e Bcl-2 no mastocitomas de grau II e um ligeiro aumento na expressão de Ki-67 na mesma classe tumoral. Observou-se assim maior atividade anti-apoptótica e aumento da proliferação celular, associados a um ao prolongamento na sobrevivência das células neoplásicas e, consequentemente, a um pior prognóstico, no grau de malignidade mais severo o grau III.

Imunosenescência

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

La patología celular : basada en el estudio fisiológico y patológico de los tejidos /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sistema penitenciario : el presidio, la prisión celular, la deportación /

Mode of access: Internet.

A New pocket-dictionary of the English and Dano-Norwegian languages.

Mode of access: Internet.

Antiquae literaturae septentrionalis libri duo : quorum primus Georgii Hickesii, S.T.P. Linguarum Vett. septentrionalium Thesaurum grammatico-criticum & archaeologicum, ejusdem de antiquae literaturae septentrionalis utilitate dissertationem epistolarem, et Andreae Fountaine equitis aurati Numismata Saxonica & Dano-Saxonica complectitur, alter continet Humfredi Wanleii Librorum Vett. septentrionalium, qui in Angliae Biblioth. extant ... cum totius operis sex indicibus

Linguarum Vett. septentrionalium thesaurus grammatico-criticus et archaelogicus. 1705 : Linguarum Vett. septentrionalium thesauri ... pars prima[-tertia]. 1703 ; De antiquae litteraturae septentrionalis utilitate usu ... Dissertatio epistolaris ad Bartholomaeum Showere. 1703 ; Numismata Anglo-Saxonica & Anglo-Danica breviter illustrata ab Andrea Fountaine. 1705 ; Antiquae literaturae septentrionalis liber alter seu Humpredi Wanleii ... 1705 ; Indices totius operis. 1703.

TELEFONE CELULAR: A nova mídia de massa a serviço da publicidade segmentada.

Ao final do ano de 2004 o Brasil atingiu o número de mais de 50 milhões de aparelhos celulares, ultrapassando inclusive o número de telefones fixos. No mesmo período, as operadoras de telefonia móvel lançaram o sinal de televisão para serem recebidos nestes aparelhos, que são pessoais e portáteis. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se em virtude deste crescimento na base de usuários e da alta tecnologia o aparelho de telefone celular tem potencial como mídia publicitária, sendo capaz de segmentar suas mensagens de acordo com o perfil dos clientes.

Os efeitos das queimadas na Amazônia em nível celular e molecular

The Amazon holds over half of the planet's remaining tropical forests and comprises the largest biodiversity in the world, accounting for approximately 60 % of the Brazilian territory. However, deforestation fires in the region causes serious problems to exposed human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical compounds as well as the cellular and molecular effects after exposure to organic material extracted from particulate matter less than 10 µm (PM10) in the Amazon region. As for the chemical composition, n-alkanes analysis showed a prevalence of anthropogenic influence during the fires in the region. In addition, there was a predominance of monosaccharides from biomass burning markers. Also, the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and their derivatives have also been identified in samples collected in the Amazon. By using the PAH concentrations was possible to calculate the BaP-equivalent and it was found that the dibenz(a) anthracene contributes with 83% to potential carcinogenic risk. As for the potential mutagenic risk, the benzo (a) pyrene is the HPA that has a major contribution in this analysis. It may be noted that the retene was the most abundant PAH. This compound was genotoxic and cause death by necrosis in the human lung cells. In biological tests, the data showed that organic PM10 is capable of causing genetic damage in both plant cells and in human lung cells. This damage cause an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle exposed, increasing the expression of p53 and p21. Additionally, the PM10 caused cell death by apoptosis, increasing the foci of histone - H2AX. Given these results, it is important to emphasize the reduction and better control of biomass burning in the Amazon region thus improving the quality of health of the population being exposed. As clearly stated recently by the World Health Organization, the reduction of air pollution could save millions of lives annually.

Avaliação do efeito da inibição do reparo de sítios abásicos na resposta inflamatória celular

Base excision repair (BER) proteins has been associated with functions beyond DNA repair. Apurynic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein involved in a plethora of cellular activities, such as redox activation of transcription factors, RNA processing and DNA repair. Some studies have described the action of the protein 8-oxoguanine (OGG1) in correcting oxidized lesions in promoters as a step in the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite being especially important in redox activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and AP- 1, the repair activity of APE1 has not yet been associated with the inflammatory response. In this study, experimental and bioinformatic analysis approaches have been used to investigate the relationship between inhibition of the repair of abasic sites in DNA by MX, a synthetic molecule designed to inhibt the repair activity of APE1, and the modulation of the inflammatory response. The results showed that treatment of monocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MX reduced the expression of cytokines, chemokines and toll-like receptors, and negatively regulated biological immune processes, as macrophages activation, and NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon pathways, without inducing cell death. The transcriptomic analysis suggests that LPS/MX treatment induces mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of autophagy pathways, probably activated by impairment of cellular energy and/or the accumulation of nuclear and mitochondria DNA damage. Additionally, it is proposed that the repair activity of APE1 is required for transcription of inflammatory genes by interaction with abasic sites at specific promoters and recruitment of transcriptional complexes during inflammatory signaling. This work presents a new perspective on the interactions between the BER activity and the modulation of inflammatory response, and suggests a new activity for APE1 protein as modulator of the immune response in a redox-independent manner.

Avaliação anti-inflamatória e antipeçonhenta das espécies Hancornia speciosa e Mimosa tenuiflora em modelos experimentais de inflamação e envenenamento induzidos por Bothrops jararaca e Tityus serrulatus

Accidents caused by venomous animals represents a significant and serious public health problem in certain regions of Brazil, as well as in other parts of the world by the frequency with which they occur and the mortality they cause. The use of plant extracts as an antidote for poisoning cases is an ancient practice used in many communities that have no access to antivenom. Medicinal plants represent an important source of obtaining bioactive compounds able to assist directly in the treatment of poisoning or indirectly supplementing serum therapy currently used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa in the inflammatory process induced by carrageenan and the venom of B. jararaca and T. serrulatus. The results showed that both M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa were capable of inhibiting cell migration and cytokines levels in peritonitis induced by carrageenin and venom of T. serrulatus. In poisoning by B. jararaca model, mice treated with the plants in studies decreased the leukocyte influx into the peritoneal cavity. Finally the M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa had antiphlogistic activity, reducing edema formation and exerted inhibitory action of leukocyte migration in local inflammation induced by the venom of B. jararaca. Through of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis was possible identified the presence of flavonoids ,saponins and/or terpenes in aqueous extract of M. tenuiflora. By High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis, it was possible to identify the presence of rutin and chlorogenic acid in aqueous extract of H. speciosa. We conclude that the administration of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds of H. speciosa and M. tenuiflora resulted in inhibition of the inflammatory process in different experimental models. This study demonstrates for the first time the effect of M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa in inhibition of the inflammation caused by B. jararaca and T. serrulatus venom.

Efeitos do Kinesio Taping® sobre os marcadores clínicos indiretos de dano muscular induzido pelo exercício excêntrico: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: analyze the effect of Kinesio Taping (KT) on the indirect clinical markers of muscle damage induced by eccentric exercises in the elbow flexors in healthy individuals. Materials and methods: It is a randomized controlled trial involving sixty volunteers at age group between 18 and 28 years randomly selected. The sample into three groups with twenty participants: control group (CG) – eccentric protocol without KT, KT group – eccentric with tensioned KT, placebo group – eccentric protocol KT with no tension. The evaluations took place at four moments; the first one was the basis line (AV1), after the second protocol (AV2) and the following two groups 24 (AV3) and 48 hours (AV4) after the intervention protocol. The muscle damage was induced by sixteen maximum eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors from the non-dominant limb, divided in two sets of eight repetitions, at 60º/s, with two minutes interval. The variables analyzed were: the joint amplitude in rest, the level of pain, the joint position sense (JPS) followed of isokinetic checking with electromyographic sign capitation. These data were analyzed in software SPSS 20.0. The normality was identified by Kolmogorov-Smimov examination and then, being used the ANOVA mixed model with significance of 5%. Outcomes: a decrease was observed at joint amplitude moreover, an immediate increase of pain wich increased after 24 and remained until 48 hours at all groups searched. There was not difference at the JPS. The variables peak torque, average peak torque, total work and mean power mean reduced until 48 hours after muscle lesion in all groups. Among the groups, there was no difference in EMG values and for any of the variables. Conclusion: The KT did not influence at the indirect clinical markers of muscle lesion induced by eccentric exercises in the elbow flexors in healthy people.

Efeitos do Kinesio Taping® sobre os marcadores clínicos indiretos de dano muscular induzido pelo exercício excêntrico: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: analyze the effect of Kinesio Taping (KT) on the indirect clinical markers of muscle damage induced by eccentric exercises in the elbow flexors in healthy individuals. Materials and methods: It is a randomized controlled trial involving sixty volunteers at age group between 18 and 28 years randomly selected. The sample into three groups with twenty participants: control group (CG) – eccentric protocol without KT, KT group – eccentric with tensioned KT, placebo group – eccentric protocol KT with no tension. The evaluations took place at four moments; the first one was the basis line (AV1), after the second protocol (AV2) and the following two groups 24 (AV3) and 48 hours (AV4) after the intervention protocol. The muscle damage was induced by sixteen maximum eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors from the non-dominant limb, divided in two sets of eight repetitions, at 60º/s, with two minutes interval. The variables analyzed were: the joint amplitude in rest, the level of pain, the joint position sense (JPS) followed of isokinetic checking with electromyographic sign capitation. These data were analyzed in software SPSS 20.0. The normality was identified by Kolmogorov-Smimov examination and then, being used the ANOVA mixed model with significance of 5%. Outcomes: a decrease was observed at joint amplitude moreover, an immediate increase of pain wich increased after 24 and remained until 48 hours at all groups searched. There was not difference at the JPS. The variables peak torque, average peak torque, total work and mean power mean reduced until 48 hours after muscle lesion in all groups. Among the groups, there was no difference in EMG values and for any of the variables. Conclusion: The KT did not influence at the indirect clinical markers of muscle lesion induced by eccentric exercises in the elbow flexors in healthy people.

Expressão de MMPs, marcadores angiogênicos e proliferação celular em tumores odontogênicos

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The study of biological behavior of odontogenic lesions is essential to the establishment of appropriate therapeutic approach and prognosis. The production of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), angiogenesis and cell proliferation contribute to tumor growth. This paper aims to review the literature on odontogenic tumors (OT) selected according to the new World Health Organization classification (WHO- 2005) by evaluating the expression of MMPs, angiogenic and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it aims to verify the relation between these markers and the biological behavior of these lesions. RESULTS: it was found that MMPs -1, -2, -7, -9 and -26 had a higher expression in both epithelial component and stroma, and 13 particularly in the stroma. Increased angiogenesis was observed in more aggressive OT. CD105 expression was higher in keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KOT) and CD34 in solid ameloblastomas (SA). It was observed a higher expression of Ki-67 and p53 in SA and KOT and a low cell proliferation rate in the adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT). CONCLUSION: These results show that MMPs are involved in invasion and recurrence of some odontogenic lesions and are associated with the biological behavior of these tumors. Angiogenesis is critical to provide support to cell proliferation and these concomitant events are correlated with different levels of biological behavior in OT when compared to odontogenic cysts, hence the use of angiogenic inhibitors may be a potential therapeutic approach in these lesions.

Expressão de MMPs, marcadores angiogênicos e proliferação celular em tumores odontogênicos

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The study of biological behavior of odontogenic lesions is essential to the establishment of appropriate therapeutic approach and prognosis. The production of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), angiogenesis and cell proliferation contribute to tumor growth. This paper aims to review the literature on odontogenic tumors (OT) selected according to the new World Health Organization classification (WHO- 2005) by evaluating the expression of MMPs, angiogenic and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it aims to verify the relation between these markers and the biological behavior of these lesions. RESULTS: it was found that MMPs -1, -2, -7, -9 and -26 had a higher expression in both epithelial component and stroma, and 13 particularly in the stroma. Increased angiogenesis was observed in more aggressive OT. CD105 expression was higher in keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KOT) and CD34 in solid ameloblastomas (SA). It was observed a higher expression of Ki-67 and p53 in SA and KOT and a low cell proliferation rate in the adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT). CONCLUSION: These results show that MMPs are involved in invasion and recurrence of some odontogenic lesions and are associated with the biological behavior of these tumors. Angiogenesis is critical to provide support to cell proliferation and these concomitant events are correlated with different levels of biological behavior in OT when compared to odontogenic cysts, hence the use of angiogenic inhibitors may be a potential therapeutic approach in these lesions.