Receptive Vocabulary of CLIL and Non-CLIL Primary and Secondary School Learners

CLIL instruction has been reported to be beneficial for foreign language vocabulary learning since CLIL students show higher vocabulary profiles than students of their same age in traditional EFL contexts. However, to our knowledge, the receptive vocabulary knowledge of CLIL and non-CLIL learners at the end of primary and secondary education has not been examined yet. Hence, this study aims at comparing the receptive vocabulary size 79 CLIL primary learners with the receptive vocabulary knowledge of 331 non-CLIL learners at the end of primary and secondary school. Sex-based differences were also analysed. The 2k Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT) was used for the purposes of the study. Results revealed that learners’ receptive vocabulary sizes lie within the most frequent 1000 words, non-CLIL secondary school students throw better results than primary students but the differences between the secondary group and the CLIL group are not statistically significant. As for sex-based differences, we found no significant differences among the groups. These findings led us to believe that the CLIL approach offers a benefit for vocabulary acquisition since CLIL learners have been exposed to the foreign language for a shorter period of time and the results are quite similar to their non-CLIL secondary school partners.

Measurements of small ice crystals in arctic cirrus: observations from the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC)

In-situ observations on the size and shape of particles in arctic cirrus are less common than those in mid-latitude and tropical cirrus with considerable uncertainty about the contributions of small ice crystals (maximum dimension D<50 µm) to the mass and radiative properties that impact radiative forcing. In situ measurements of small ice crystals in arctic cirrus were made during the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) in April 2008 during transits of the National Research Council of Canada Convair-580 between Fairbanks and Barrow, Alaska and during Mixed Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) in October 2004 with the University of North Dakota (UND) Citation over Barrow, Alaska. Concentrations of small ice crystals with D < 50 μm from a Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), a Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP), a Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP), and a two-dimensional stereo probe (2DS) were compared as functions of the concentrations of crystals with D > 100 μm measured by a Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) and two-dimensional stereo probe (2DS) in order to assess whether the shattering of large ice crystals on protruding components of different probes artificially amplified measurements of small ice crystal concentrations. The dependence of the probe comparison on other variables as CIP N>100 (number concentrations greater than diameter D>100 μm),temperature, relative humidity respect to ice (RHice), dominant habit from the Cloud Particle Imager (CPI), aircraft roll, pitch, true air speed and angle of attack was examined to understand potential causes of discrepancies between probe concentrations. Data collected by these probes were also compared against the data collected by a CAS, CDP and CIP during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) and by a CAS and 2DS during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) missions. During ISDAC, the CAS and FSSP both overestimated measurements of small ice crystals compared to both the CDP and 2DS by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Further, the amount of overestimation increased with the concentrations from the CIP2 (N>100 > 0.1 L-1). There was an unexplained discrepancy in concentrations of small crystals between the CDP and 2DS during ISDAC. In addition, there was a strong dependence on RHice of the average ratios of the N3-50, CAS/N3-50,CDP, N3-50, FSSP096/N3-50,CDP, N3-50, CAS/N3-50,FSSP096, N10-50, CDP/N3-50,2DS, N10-50, FSSP096/N10-50,2DS. Continued studies are needed to understand the discrepancy of these probes.

Late eneolithic and bronze age prologue pontic societies . Forest-steppe middle dniester and prut drainage basins in the 4th/3rd-2nd millennium bc: a history of investigations

The paper presents a historiographic context helpful in the current investigations of the cultural contacts between the societies of the east and west of Europe in the borderland of Podolia and moldova in the late Eneolithic and the prologue of the Bronze age . The focus is on the state of research (chiefly taxonomic and topogenetic) into the sequence of taxa in the age of early ‘barrow-building’, identified in the funerary rituals of societies settling the forest-steppe of the north- western Black Sea Coast in the 4th/3rd-2nd millennium BC .

ENEOLITHIC, YAMNAYA AND NOUA CULTURE CEMETERIES FROM THE FIRST HALF OF THE 3RD AND THE MIDDLE OF THE 2ND MILLENNIUM BC, POROHY, SITE 3A, YAMPIL REGION, VINNITSA OBLAST: ARCHAEOMETRIC AND CHRONOMETRIC DESCRIPTION, RITUAL AND TAXONOMIC-TOPOGENETIC IDENTIFICATION

The paper presents the results of excavations and analytical studies regarding the taxonomic classification of a funeral site associated with the societies of ‘barrow cultures’ of the north-western Black Sea Coast in the first half of the 3rd and the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. The study discusses the ceremonial centres of the Eneolithic, Yamnaya and Noua cultures.

ENEOLITHIC, BABYNO AND NOUA CULTURE CEMETERIES, KLEMBIVKA, SITE 1, YAMPIL REGION, VINNITSA OBLAST: ARCHAEOMETRY, TAXONOMY AND TOPOGENETICS

The paper presents excavation results and analytical studies concerning the taxonomic classification of a funerary site identified with the communities of the ‘barrow cultures’ settling the north-western Black Sea Coast in the first half of the 3rd and the middle of the 2nd millennia BC . The study focuses on the ceremonial centres of the Eneolithic communities of the Babyno and Noua cultures .

THE MIDDLE-DNIESTER CULTURAL CONTACT AREA OF EARLY METAL AGE SOCIETIES. THE FRONTIER OF PONTIC AND BALTIC DRAINAGE BASINS IN THE 4TH/3RD-2ND MILLENNIUM BC.

The paper discusses the taxonomy and autogenesis of the cycle of early ‘barrow cultures’ developed by the local communities of the middle Dniester Area or, in a broader comparative context, the north-western Black Sea Coast, in the 4th/3rd-2nd millennium BC . The purpose of the study is to conduct an analytical and conceptual entry point to the research questions of the dniester Contact area, specifically the contacts between autochthonous ‘late Eneolithic’ communities (Yamnaya, Catacomb and Babyno cultures) and incoming communities from the Baltic basin . The discussion of these cultures continues in other papers presented in this volume of Baltic-Pontic Studies.

‘YAMPIL INSPIRATIONS’: A STUDY OF THE DNIESTER CULTURAL CONTACT AREA AT THE FRONTIER OF PONTIC AND BALTIC DRAINAGE BASINS

The article presents the present state of research on the general issue of the dniester region of cultural contacts between communities settling the Baltic and Pontic drainage basins . Some five domains of research shall be brought to discussion in which it is possible to see fresh opportunities for archaeological study, on the basis of ‘Yampil studies’ on dniester-Podolia (forest-steppe) barrow-culture ceremonial centres from the latter half of the 4th millennium and first half of the 3rd millennium BC . This relates to the peoples of the Eneolithic and the Early Bronze age . in terms of topogenesis, embracing the Pontic-Tripolye, Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures, as well as Globular amphora and Corded ware in central prehistoric Europe .

Auditoría del servicio al cliente para centros de servicio automotriz en el área metropolítana de San Salvador. Caso ilustrativo.

La auditoría de servicio es una de las metodologías utilizadas para evaluar y medir la calidad del servicio que la empresa ofrece a sus clientes externos. Esta se fundamenta en la obtención de datos sobre la calidad del servicio que se brinda; de ahí se define que el propósito de la metodología es obtener y proveer información sobre la satisfacción del cliente. El caso de investigación son los centros de servicio automotriz del área metropolitana de San Salvador en el periodo 2015. Tomando en cuenta los elementos del servicio automotriz, que van desde el saludo del personal que se encuentra en la entrada, siguiendo con el proceso en sí; donde el cliente llega por un problema con su vehículo, espera un diagnóstico y por ende una solución; hasta llegar al final, donde la empresa le garantiza al cliente que su problema ha sido corregido. Dentro de este proceso existen factores como el tiempo de espera, las instalaciones del taller, sala de espera, si se cuenta con las herramientas y tecnología necesarias para resolver los problemas, la preparación del personal, entre otros, que pueden influir en la percepción de calidad del consumidor. Dentro de los centros Autopits las problemáticas que se observan pueden resumirse en tres grandes factores que afectan la capacidad para entregar un servicio de calidad total: el personal que ofrece los servicios, el ambiente en el que se desarrolla el servicio y la agilidad con la que el servicio es entregado. Para resolver las problemáticas que la auditoría del servicio detecta, es necesario no solamente evaluar los tres grandes factores mencionados anteriormente, sino también, las etapas que componen la auditoría del servicio. Inicialmente es necesario conocer el segmento de clientes que se auditarán, con el objetivo de conocer las expectativas que tenían antes de recibir el servicio y compararlas con las opiniones que se generan cuando el cliente obtiene el producto final. Las expectativas de los clientes son un punto fundamental dentro de los servicios, especialmente al hablar de calidad total. Luego se deben identificar los servicios que necesitan ser auditados, es decir los servicios a los que se les realizará la investigación. Se debe de igual manera determinar la metodología que se utilizará, al igual que las fuentes de recolección de datos más adecuadas. El objetivo al finalizar la investigación es crear, diseñar o mejorar los estándares de calidad, en función de la satisfacción de los clientes.

Comparisons of an aerosol transport model with a 4-year analysis of summer aerosol optical depth retrievals over the Canadian Arctic

Abstract : This is a study concerning comparisons between the Dubovik Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from AEROCAN (ARONET) stations and AOD estimates from simulations provided by a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem : Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry). The AOD products associated with the Dubovik product are divided into total, fine and coarse mode components. The retrieval period is from January 2009 to January 2013 for 5 Arctic stations (Barrow, Alaska; Resolute Bay, Nunavut; 0PAL and PEARL (Eureka), Nunavut; and Thule, Greenland). We also employed AOD retrievals from 10 other mid-latitude Canadian stations for comparisons with the Arctic stations. The results of our investigation were submitted to Atmosphere-Ocean. To briefly summarize those results, the model generally but not always tended to underestimate the (monthly) averaged AOD and its components. We found that the subdivision into fine and coarse mode components could provide unique signatures of particular events (Asian dust) and that the means of characterizing the statistics (log-normal frequency distributions versus normal distributions) was an attribute that was common to both the retrievals and the model.

L'Integrale di Perron: una Estensione dell'Integrale di Lebesgue, e Applicazioni

Il matematico tedesco Oscar Perron, tra il 1910 e il 1914, introduce l'integrale che porterà il suo nome con lo scopo di risolvere una limitazione negli integrali di Riemann e di Lebesgue. Il primo a studiare questo integrale è Denjoy nel 1912 il cui integrale si dimostrerà essere equivalente a quello di Perron. Oggi è più utilizzato l'integrale di Henstock-Kurzweil, studiato negli anni '60, anch'esso equivalente ai due precedenti. L'integrale di Perron rende integrabili tutte le funzioni che sono la derivata di una qualche funzione e restituisce l'analogo del Teorema Fondamentale del Calcolo Integrale nella versione di Torricelli-Barrow. L'integrale di Perron estende e prolunga l'integrale di Lebesgue, infatti se una funzione è sommabile secondo Lebesgue è anche Perron-integrabile e i due integrali coincidono. Per le funzioni non negative vale anche il viceversa e i due integrali sono equivalenti, ma in generale non è così, esistono infatti funzioni Perron-integrabili ma non sommabili secondo Lebesgue. Una differenza tra questi due integrali è il fatto che quello di Perron non sia un integrale assolutamente convergente, ovvero, la Perron integrabilità di una funzione non implica l'integralità del suo valore assoluto; questa è anche in parte la ragione della poca diffusione di questo integrale. Chiudono la tesi alcuni esempi di funzioni di interesse per la formula di "Torricelli-Barrow" e anche un notevole teorema che non sempre si trova nei libri di testo: se una funzione è derivabile in ogni punto del dominio e la sua derivata prima è sommabile allora vale la formula di "Torricelli-Barrow".