Outra leitura do "outro lado":o espaço da Zona Norte em questão

It analyzes the production of the space of the North Zone of Natal/RN, of the beginning of its formation - decade of 1970 - a present time, under the optics of the urban planning and of the administration of the territory. Inside of that path, it examines the interests that orientated the "creation" of the referred space, as support to the process of urban planning and of administration of the territory; as well as the recent processes that evidence a new partner-space dynamics, which is configured, now as an incipient insert of the North Zone to the context natalense urban-space, now as a "reedition" of its report process of partner-space segregation. It stands out that, while in the beginning of the formation of the North Zone, the State was made the main actor, making possible the expansion of the capital in the north sense of the city of Natal, through the implantation of the Industrial District of Natal (DIN) and of the expansion of the habitational politics of the House of Financial System (SFH); at the present time, the new space processes are configured through the economical inclination, through expansion of the tertiary section in the city of Natal. It is based in bibliography regarding the theme in focus, in primary and secondary sources, as well as in processes and forms that were unchained in the North Zone along the research. It analyzes the North Zone then in its group, the one that makes possible apprehend the inherent conflicts to the process of production-appropriation of the urban space, for the several social actors - the State, the capital and the society - that dispute the control of the production of the space according themselves their interests

Vende-se uma vila: análise intra-urbana das vilas na Vila de Ponta Negra e no bairro de Nova Descoberta - Zona Sul de Natal

This dissertation is about low-income rental housing vilas in the South Zone in the city of Natal. Vilas are a string of houses, built privately in an urban plot of land, usually a backyard, facing a narrow street beco. This type of housing is originated in the 19th century in the Brazilian scenario. In Natal, this has become more popular since the late 1960s. This study is aimed at analyzing the urban integration of the vilas, considering that these house a low income population, vis à vis the speedy development of Natal s most economically dynamic area. The study starts with a discussion of the production of space, taking into consideration categories such as use value, exchange value, commodity and land rent. Field work was undertaken through structured interviews with dwellers of vilas in Nova Descoberta and Ponta Negra neighbourhoods. Owners of vilas were also interviewed. Data collected indicated worrisome housing conditions. Vilas, in the areas researched, are increasingly becoming unwelcome, constituting guetos in a place where landscape is changing rapidly. Gentrification is fast under way, first because of rise in rent and taxes; second because of general rise in living costs

Evaluation of zona pellucida birefringence intensity during in vitro maturation of oocytes from stimulated cycles

Background: This study evaluated whether there is a relationship between the zona pellucida birefringence (ZP-BF) intensity and the nuclear (NM) and cytoplasmic (CM) in vitro maturation of human oocytes from stimulated cycles.Results: The ZP-BF was evaluated under an inverted microscope with a polarizing optical system and was scored as high/positive (when the ZP image presented a uniform and intense birefringence) or low/negative (when the image presented moderate and heterogeneous birefringence). CM was analyzed by evaluating the distribution of cortical granules (CGs) throughout the ooplasm by immunofluorescence staining. CM was classified as: complete, when CG was localized in the periphery; incomplete, when oocytes presented a cluster of CGs in the center; or in transition, when oocytes had both in clusters throughout cytoplasm and distributed in a layer in the cytoplasm periphery Nuclear maturation: From a total of 83 germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes, 58 of oocytes (69.9%) reached NM at the metaphase II stage. From these 58 oocytes matured in vitro, the high/positively scoring ZP-BF was presented in 82.7% of oocytes at the GV stage, in 75.8% of oocytes when at the metaphase I, and in 82.7% when oocytes reached MII. No relationship was observed between NM and ZP-BF positive/negative scores (P = 0.55). These variables had a low Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.081). Cytoplasmic maturation: A total of 85 in vitro-matured MII oocytes were fixed for CM evaluation. Forty-nine oocytes of them (57.6%) showed the complete CM, 30 (61.2%) presented a high/positively scoring ZP-BF and 19 (38.8%) had a low/negatively scoring ZP-BF. From 36 oocytes (42.3%) with incomplete CM, 18 (50%) presented a high/positively scoring ZPBF and 18 (50%) had a low/negatively scoring ZP-BF. No relationship was observed between CM and ZP-BF positive/negative scores (P = 0.42). These variables had a low Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.11).Conclusions: The current study demonstrated an absence of relationship between ZP-BF high/positive or low/negative score and nuclear and cytoplasmic in vitro maturation of oocytes from stimulation cycles.

Penetration of zona-free hamster, bovine and equine oocytes by stallion and bull spermatozoa pretreated with equine follicular fluid, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine or calcium ionophore A23187

Experiments evaluated the ability of follicular fluid (FF), dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (PC12) and the calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187) to induce capacitation in stallion and bull spermatozoa, determined by the ability of the spermatozoa to penetrate zona-free hamster, bovine and equine oocytes. Spermatozoa suspensions were incubated at 37 degreesC in one of the following treatments: 1) a modified Tyrode's medium (BGM3) alone, 2) BGM3 + FF; 3) BGM3 + PC12; 4) BGM3 + FF + PC12; 5) BGM3 + A23187; and 6) BGM3 + FF + A23187. Treated spermatozoa were incubated with zona-free hamster, bovine and equine oocytes for 3 h, after which oocytes were stained to assess spermatozoa penetration. The number of hamster oocytes penetrated by spermatozoa incubated in BGM3 alone (1/30) or in presence of FF (2/31) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than by spermatozoa treated with PC12 or A23187 (16/30 and 17/30, respectively). Processing stallion spermatozoa either by a swim-up procedure or by centrifugation through a Percoll gradient increased the percentages of motile spermatozoa in the final sample, and spermatozoa collected by both processes penetrated similar numbers of zona-free hamster oocytes (P > 0.05). Although treating spermatozoa with PC12 or A23187 enabled both stallion and bull spermatozoa to penetrate oocytes, higher numbers of bovine oocytes were penetrated by bull spermatozoa (25/30) than by stallion spermatozoa (4/30) regardless of spermatozoal treatment. However, the number of zona-free hamster and equine oocytes penetrated by bull spermatozoa (25/30 and 12/18 respectively) and stallion spermatozoa (17/30 and 15/21 respectively) were similar (P > 0.05). We conclude that both PC12 and A23187 capacitate stallion and bull spermatozoa sufficiently to permit the acrosome reaction to occur, enabling spermatozoa to penetrate homologous and heterologous zona-free oocytes. (C) 2001 by Elsevier B.V.

Effects of fetuin on zona pellucida hardening, fertilization and embryo development in cattle

Mammalian oocytes can undergo spontaneous meiotic maturation when they are liberated from their follicles and cultured in vitro; however, the zona pellucida (ZP) becomes resistant to chymotrypsin digestion, or hardens, when spontaneous maturation occurs in serum-free medium. Schroeder et al. [Biol. Reprod. 43 (1990) 891] described that fetuin, a component of fetal calf serum (FCS), inhibits ZP hardening during oocyte maturation. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of the presence of cumulus cells and addition of hormones to maturation media on bovine zona hardening and embryo development in medium with and without fetuin. In Experiment 1, different concentrations of fetuin were added to the maturation medium. The time necessary for digestion of 50% of the ZP (d50) was not different when oocytes were matured in presence of 10% FCS, 1 mg/ml polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or 4, 1 and 0.25 mg/ml of fetuin; cleavage rates were also similar. However, significantly more blastocysts (P < 0.05) were formed when FCS was used compared to PVA and 0.25 mg/ml of fetuin. In Experiment 11, we examined the influence of the presence of cumulus cells and hormones during the maturation of oocytes in media with PVA, BSA, FCS and fetuin. The d50 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when oocytes were matured in presence of cumulus cells. The cleavage rate of cumulus-intact oocytes was similar for all groups. However, when oocytes were partially stripped before maturation, the cleavage rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when FCS or fetuin was used. In both stripped and non-stripped groups, significantly more blastocysts (P < 0.05) were formed when oocytes were matured with FCS compared to BSA and PVA. These results indicate that zona hardening, as described for mouse and human oocytes, does not have a large effect on bovine cumulus-intact oocytes. Apparently fetuin can be used as a substitute for FCS during bovine oocyte maturation, since it leads to similar developmental rates as FCS in intact and partially stripped oocytes. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V.

Florestas de restinga e de terras baixas na planície costeira do sudeste do Brasil: vegetação e heterogeneidade ambiental

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da variação do nível hidrométrico na comunidade fitoplanctônica do Rio Paranapanema e de uma lagoa marginal na zona de desembocadura na Represa de Jurumirim (SP)

Este estudo visou analisar os efeitos da variação do nível hidrométrico na estrutura do fitoplâncton do Rio Paranapanema e de uma lagoa marginal na zona de desembocadura no Reservatório de Jurumirim (SP). As amostragens foram realizadas em duas estações em cada ambiente de julho/2004 a julho/2005. Os maiores valores de riqueza e diversidade foram encontrados na estiagem, enquanto que as maiores densidade e biovolume foram registradas na cheia. A espécie Cryptomonas brasiliensis Castro, C. Bicudo & D. Bicudo (R - estrategista) foi constante ao longo de todo o estudo, sendo dominante, principalmente, no final da estiagem e na enchente, quando os eventos de distúrbios foram mais freqüentes. As diatomáceas foram predominantes quanto à biomassa, representadas, principalmente, por Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsem e suas variedades. Conclui-se que, o volume de água acumulada no reservatório à jusante não permite que o pulso hidrológico ocasione um distúrbio que resulte em elevado aumento da diversidade nos ambientes estudados, após a enchente.

Representação social e estereótipo: a zona muda das representações sociais

Neste artigo, a partir da definição do conceito de zona muda das representações sociais, descrevemos as técnicas de substituição e de descontextualização normativa desenvolvidas pela Escola de Aix-en-Provence para revelar as representações escondidas ou mascaradas em função de sua inadequação às normas sociais vigentes no grupo de referência dos respondentes de questionários. A seguir, relatamos os primeiros estudos realizados com a intenção de revelar elementos representacionais da zona muda de representações e os estudos atuais sobre esse conceito e descrevemos e discutimos três possíveis explicações para a mudança de representações em situações de substituição ou de descontextualização normativa: a projeção de representações condenáveis pelas normas sociais a outros grupos de representação quando os sujeitos falam por outros grupos e não por si mesmo; o efeito da transparência de representações quando são descritas as representações de grupos conhecidos; o efeito da influência social de normas ou de representações proeminentes no grupo de pertença.

Pesquisa de Trichinella spiralis em roedores capturados na zona portuária de Santos

Examinaram-se 594 diafragmas de roedores capturados na zona portuária de Santos tendo em vista a procura de larvas de Trichinella spiralis. Todos os diafragmas examinados estavam negativos.

Morfologia comparativa e distribuição batimétrica de duas espécies de Ophiuroidea, na região costeira de Ubatuba

Durante o período de outubro de 1985 a julho de 1987, foram coletados 722 ofíuróides pertencentes às espécies Ophioderma januarii e Ophioplocus januarii, na costa do Estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se medidas do diâmetro do disco dos exemplares e estas variaram entre 10,5 e 21,5 mm para Ophioderma januarii e entre 2,6 e 21,5 mm, para Ophioplocus januarii. Foram efetuadas observações das características morfológicas externas dos indivíduos e posteriormente, organizadas séries de crescimento, com o intuito de evidenciar possíveis alterações. Verificou-se para Ophioderma januarii, variações na forma dos escudos, no número de papilas orais e de espinhos braquiais, na coloração da superfície dorsal do disco e das placas braquiais dorsais e para Ophioplocus januarii variações nas escamas primárias, na série de escamas maiores da região interradial dorsal do disco, no número de escamas entre a centro-dorsal e a margem do disco, na forma dos escudos radiais e orais, no número de papilas orais, na coloração da superfície dorsal do disco e das placas braquiais dorsais. O resultado das análises de parâmetros ambientais dos locais de coleta, mostrou que as duas espécies ocorreram em áreas com condições ambientais distintas. Ophioderma januarii foi amostrada na região costeira até 36 m de profundidade e Ophioplocus januarii entre 30 e 100 m.

Influência da vagotomia gástrica proximal sobre a zona de alta pressão esofagogástrica do cão.

The influence of parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) on esophagogastric high pressure zone (HPZ) (pressure and length) was studied in 30 dogs. The animals were divided in 3 groups: group 1, 10 dogs submitted to PCV with gastric denervation until the esophagogastric junction; group 2, 10 dogs submitted to PCV with gastric denervation into esophagogastric junction and 3 cm above this; group 3 (control), 10 dogs submitted to laparotomy only. In the postoperative period (immediate and later) it wasn't observed any alteration of pressure and length of esophagogastric HPZ in three studied groups.

Petrotrama de quartzo e feldspato ao longo da Zona de Cisalhamento de Jundiuvira, Cabreuva (SP)

Fluid inclusions, petrofabric and microstructures studies of mylonites and cataclasites were used to establish the Itu-Jundiuvira Shear Zone (IJSZ) tectonic and metamorphic evolution. The quartz fabric indicates that prism {1000} slip was important during the deformation. This studies have showed that IJSZ changed from deeper crustal levels (12-15km) and ductile conditions to upper levels of about 4 to 6km and brittle strain conditions. -English summary

Avaliação da população canina da zona urbana do Município de Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Planning control programs, for diseases such as rabies requires information on the size and structure of the dog and cat population. In order to evaluate the dog population of the urban area of Araçatuba city, S. Paulo State, Brazil, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire to interview members of households. Eighty-eight districts were visited (37,778 houses) and the interview was possible at 77.93% of these. Human population size evaluated was 113,157 inhabitants. Houses that owned animals represented 55.2%, 26,926 of the animals concerned were dogs and 5,755 were cats. Of the dogs, 56.64% were 1-4 year olds and males represented 56.2% of the total population. Dog: person ratio was estimated at 2.8 dogs to every 10 persons, almost 3 times the ratio hitherto estimated and used in the planning of rabies vaccination campaigns.