973 resultados para VACAS HOLSTEIN - ALIMENTACIÓN


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Until recently, measurements of energy expenditure (EE; herein defined as heat production) in respiration chambers did not account for the extra energy requirements of grazing dairy cows on pasture. As energy is first limiting in most pasture-based milk production systems, its efficient use is important. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare EE, which can be affected by differences in body weight (BW), body composition, grazing behavior, physical activity, and milk production level, in 2 Holstein cow strains. Twelve Swiss Holstein-Friesian (HCH; 616 kg of BW) and 12 New Zealand Holstein-Friesian (HNZ; 570 kg of BW) cows in the third stage of lactation were paired according to their stage of lactation and kept in a rotational, full-time grazing system without concentrate supplementation. After adaption, the daily milk yield, grass intake using the alkane double-indicator technique, nutrient digestibility, physical activity, and grazing behavior recorded by an automatic jaw movement recorder were investigated over 7d. Using the (13)C bicarbonate dilution technique in combination with an automatic blood sampling system, EE based on measured carbon dioxide production was determined in 1 cow pair per day between 0800 to 1400 h. The HCH were heavier and had a lower body condition score compared with HNZ, but the difference in BW was smaller compared with former studies. Milk production, grass intake, and nutrient digestibility did not differ between the 2 cow strains, but HCH grazed for a longer time during the 6-h measurement period and performed more grazing mastication compared with the HNZ. No difference was found between the 2 cow strains with regard to EE (291 ± 15.6 kJ) per kilogram of metabolic BW, mainly due to a high between-animal variation in EE. As efficiency and energy use are important in sustainable, pasture-based, organic milk production systems, the determining factors for EE, such as methodology, genetics, physical activity, grazing behavior, and pasture quality, should be investigated and quantified in more detail in future studies.

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A 2-year-old German Holstein bull was identified as a carrier of a mutation within the X-chromosomal ED1 gene, which encodes a TNF-related signalling molecule mainly involved in ectodermal development. The clinicopathological appearance was associated with hypotrichosis, hypodontia, and a reduced number of eccrine glands, in addition to chronic rhinotracheitis and partial squamous metaplasia. Furthermore, for the first time in an ED1-deficient animal, a complete lack of respiratory mucous glands was observed. This suggests that the ED1 gene plays a role in the development of mucous glands, the absence of which resembles a feature of X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ED1) in human patients.

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Boberach: Der Vorwurf, die evangelischen Geistlichen in Schleswig hätten sich durch Unterstützung des Widerstands gegen die Ansprüche des Königs von Dänemark an einer revolutionären Erhebung beteiligt, wird zurückgewiesen, Hofprediger Prof. Martensen in Kopenhagen um Verbreitung der Ansichten der Pfarrer in Dänemark gebeten

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Wentzke: 1. Rede, in der ersten preußischen Kammer in der Adreßdebatte am 8. Januar 1851 nicht gehalten: Scharfe Kritik der Politik des Novemberministeriums in der deutschen Frage; Aufzählung seiner Niederlagen. - 2. Rede, ebenda in der Schleswig-Holsteinischen Frage am 15. Februar gehalten: Angriff auf die Politik des Ministeriums

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Boberach: Für den Verfassungsstreit wird darauf hingewiesen, daß unter Beteiligung der Landstände gültige Reformen durchgeführt wurden wie Ablösung bäuerlicher Lasten, Gewerbesteuerermäßigung, Koalitionsfreiheit, Öffentlich- und Mündlichkeit der Strafrechtspflege mit Schwurgerichten, Aufhebung der Polizeigerichtsbarkeit, Mitwirkung der Landstände bei Ernennung von Oberrichtern

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Boberach: Ein Artillerieoffizier erhebt den Vorwurf, daß es in den Elbherzogtümern für die Soldaten und besonders die Offiziere der Karriere dienlich war, Preuße zu sein, und warnt die Schleswig-Holsteiner vor ihren preußischen "Freunden"; sie sollen den preußischen Einfluß in Schleswig-Holstein beseitigen

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Boberach: Auf eine ausführliche historische Schilderung der Rechtsverhältnisse von Schleswig und Holstein folgt die Darstellung der Ereignisse in den Elbherzogtümern bis zum 12. April 1848

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Boberach: Die Ereignisse werden unter dem Gesichtspunkt dargestellt, daß der Grundsatz der Volkssouveränität die Deutschen in Schleswig-Holstein berechtigt, die dänische Herrschaft abzulehnen und die Versuche der Dänisierung Ursache des Krieges waren

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Cholesterol deficiency, a new autosomal recessive inherited genetic defect in Holstein cattle, has been recently reported to have an influence on the rearing success of calves. The affected animals show unresponsive diarrhea accompanied by hypocholesterolemia and usually die within the first weeks or months of life. Here, we show that whole genome sequencing combined with the knowledge about the pedigree and inbreeding status of a livestock population facilitates the identification of the causative mutation. We resequenced the entire genomes of an affected calf and a healthy partially inbred male carrying one copy of the critical 2.24-Mb chromosome 11 segment in its ancestral state and one copy of the same segment with the cholesterol deficiency mutation. We detected a single structural variant, homozygous in the affected case and heterozygous in the non-affected carrier male. The genetic makeup of this key animal provides extremely strong support for the causality of this mutation. The mutation represents a 1.3kb insertion of a transposable LTR element (ERV2-1) in the coding sequence of the APOB gene, which leads to truncated transcripts and aberrant splicing. This finding was further supported by RNA sequencing of the liver transcriptome of an affected calf. The encoded apolipoprotein B is an essential apolipoprotein on chylomicrons and low-density lipoproteins, and therefore, the mutation represents a loss of function mutation similar to autosomal recessive inherited familial hypobetalipoproteinemia-1 (FHBL1) in humans. Our findings provide a direct gene test to improve selection against this deleterious mutation in Holstein cattle.

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Frisch-fröhliches Gedicht anläßlich der Niederschlagung der badischen revolutionären Aufstände vom April und September 1848 mit Hilfe von Bundestruppen des VIII. Armeekorps (württembergisches, hessisches und nassauisches Militär)

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Siegesgedicht anläßlich der Beschießung des am 5. April 1849 in der Bucht von Eckernförde erschienenen dänischen Geschwaders durch deutsche Strandbatterien, wobei das Linienschiff 'Christian VIII.' in Brand geriet und aufgegeben werden mußte und die Fregatte 'Gefion' zur Übergabe gezwungen wurde

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Darlegung des deutschen Standpunkts in der Schleswig-Holstein-Frage. Hintergrund: Konstituierung einer provisorischen Regierung für Schleswig-Holstein in Rendsburg (24. März 1848)

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In Fraktur