Sedimentary record of the northward flight of India and its collision with Eurasia (Ladakh Himalaya, India)

Stratigraphic and petrographic analysis of the Cretaceous to Eocene Tibetan sedimentary succession has allowed us to reinterpret in detail the sequence of events which led to closure of Neotethys and continental collision in the NW Himalaya. During the Early Cretaceous, the Indian passive margin recorded basaltic magmatic activity. Albian volcanic arenites, probably related to a major extensional tectonic event, are unconformably overlain by an Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene carbonate sequence, with a major quartzarenite episode triggered by the global eustatic sea-level fall at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. At the same time, Neotethyan oceanic crust was being subducted beneath Asia, as testified by calc-alkalic volcanism and forearc basin sedimentation in the Transhimalayan belt. Onset of collision and obduction of the Asian accretionary wedge onto the Indian continental rise was recorded by shoaling of the outer shelf at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, related to flexural uplift of the passive margin. A few My later, foreland basin volcanic arenites derived from the uplifted Asian subduction complex onlapped onto the Indian continental terrace. All along the Himalaya, marine facies were rapidly replaced by continental redbeds in collisional basins on both sides of the ophiolitic suture. Next, foreland basin sedimentation was interrupted by fold-thrust deformation and final ophiolite emplacement. The observed sequence of events compares favourably with theoretical models of rifted margin to overthrust belt transition and shows that initial phases of continental collision and obduction were completed within 10 to 15 My, with formation of a proto-Himalayan chain by the end of the middle Eocene.

Men and Domestic Violence: What research tells us

Men and Domestic Violence: What research tells us In late 2000, the Department of Health and Children, in conjunction with the North Eastern Health Board, commissioned Kieran McKeown Limited, Social and Economic Consultants to prepare a literature review of research carried out in other jurisdictions Click here to download PDF 578kb Background Note PDF 10kb Peer Review 1 PDF 21kb Peer Review 2 PDF 17kb

Men and Domestic Violence: What research tells us

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La Cooperation policière internationale dans le corps des Mossos d'Esquadra

La police est « une administration, une force publique qui veille au maintien de la sécurité publique» . De la même manière la Loi organique des forces et corps de sécurité espagnole, rappelle que toute force portant le nom de police se doit d’avoir pour fonction principale « le maintien de la sécurité publique ». Ainsi, France et Espagne partagent la même vision de la police. De même la définition de la « Coopération », « action de participer à une œuvre commune, politique d’entente et d’échanges entre deux États » ou encore la définition de la Coopération internationale, « politique d’aide économique, technique et financière des pays développés en faveur des pays en développement » sont admises par tous les pays. Néanmoins la façon de coopérer est propre à chaque pays, et dans le cas de la coopération policière, à chaque corps de police. Certains font plus de la coordination (« harmonisation d’activités diverses dans un souci d’efficacité ») d’autres considèrent qu’ils font plutôt de la collaboration (« participer à une œuvre avec d’autres »). En réalité, ces trois termes, coordination, coopération et collaboration, sont tellement proches qu’il est parfois difficile de les distinguer, surtout les deux derniers. En effet pour définir une collaboration on dit aussi que c’est « une politique de coopération active avec l’occupant ennemi ». On comprend alors que Sanchez Moron estime que la collaboration et la coopération sont des « sous-espèces » du concept général de coordination qu’ils font plutôt de la collaboration (« participer à une œuvre avec d’autres »). En réalité, ces trois termes, coordination, coopération et collaboration, sont tellement proches qu’il est parfois difficile de les distinguer, surtout les deux derniers. Dès lors, traiter de la coopération policière internationale peut s’avérer complexe, car il est difficile d’établir des limites au sujet, de définir ce qui est ou non de la coopération policière internationale. Cela est d’autant plus difficile que les sources documentaires sur la coopération policière, bien qu’existantes, ne sont pas toutes de première jeunesse. Et concernant la place et le rôle de l’Espagne dans celle-ci les sources documentaires sont réduites à un très faible nombre, et sont inexistantes sur les Mossos d’Esquadra. Par ailleurs, sans même se spécialiser dans la coopération internationale, les recherches parues sur les Mossos d’Esquadra sont très peu nombreuses, très rarement de moins de vingt ans et encore plus difficile à trouver en langue française. Michel DAUGE écrivait dans l’introduction de sa recherche sur les Mossos d’Esquadra, : « Les polices autonomes espagnoles, que ce soit la catalane, et dans une moindre mesure la basque, si elles constituent un domaine peu exploré en Espagne (sujet tabou que la classe politique évite d’aborder) demeurent totalement méconnues en France.

Help us to prevent infections spreading

This leaflet is part of an extension of the cleanyourhands campaign, aimed at preventing the spread of healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) in community healthcare settings including primary care and dental services, residential and nursing homes (including independent sector homes), hospices and independent clinics/hospitals. It is designed to heighten awareness in patient/relative waiting areas of how healthcare staff can help protect patients from avoidable infections by cleaning their hands using proper techniques. Due to licensing restrictions, this leaflet is not available for download. Limited numbers are available from local HSC Trusts (Belfast HSCT and South Eastern HSCT on 028 9056 5862; Southern HSCT on 028 3741 2887; Northern HSCT on 028 2563 5575; Western HSCT on 028 7186 5127).

Breastfeeding - good for both of us

This poster promotes breastfeeding and highlights the fact that it has health benefits for both mother and baby. It also provides contact details of local organisations that can offer help and advice on breastfeeding.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Brazilian subtype B variant showed an increasing avidity of the anti-V3 antibodies over time compared to the subtype B US/European strain in São Paulo, Brazil

The Brazilian variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B, (serotype B"-GWGR), has a tryptophan replacing the proline in position 328 the HIV-1 envelope. A longer median time period from infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for serotype B (B"-GWGR) infected subjects compared to the B-GPGR US/European strain was reported. In a cohort study, in São Paulo city, 10 B"-GWGR patients had a statistically significant increased avidity of the anti-V3 antibodies, from 79% ± 33% to 85% ± 75%, versus from 48% ± 59% to 32% ± 17% for the 10 B-GPGR subjects (p = 0.02). The T CD4+ cells showed a mean increase of + 0.45 cells/month for the B-GPGR subjects and for B"-GWGR the slope was + 1.24 cells/month (p = 0.06), for 62 and 55 months of follow up, respectively. RNA plasma viral load decreased from 3.98 ± 1.75 to 2.16 ± 1.54 log10 in the B"-GWGR group while B-GPGR patients showed one log10 reduction in viral load from 4.09 ± 0.38 to 3.17 ± 1.47 log10 over time (p = 0.23), with a decreasing slope of 0.0042 ± log10,/month and 0.0080 ± log10/month, for B-GPGR and B"-GWGR patients, respectively (p = 0.53). Neither group presented any AIDS defining events during the study, according to Center for Diseases Control criteria. Although the sample size is small, these results may indicate that differences in the pathogenicity of the 2 HIV-1 B serotypes which co-circulate in Brazil may be correlated to the avidity of anti-V3 antibodies.

2006 National Drug Control Strategy launched in US

The Bush administration announced its 2006 National Drug Control Strategy in the first city to legalize marijuana, a decision that wasn't entirely coincidental. John P. Walters, director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, who selected a youth drug treatment center here as the site for the announcement, said Denver represented 'a model of what we see and what we're trying to face'. The 2006 strategy calls for a continuation of the Bush administration's balance of reducing demand through, among other things, drug-prevention campaigns, and reducing supply by securing the Mexican border. Mr. Walters described the strategy, implemented in 2001, as a success, pointing to studies showing that overall teenage drug use has dropped since then by 19 per cent. Use of methamphetamine, LSD and steroids also have declined, he said.This resource was contributed by The National Documentation Centre on Drug Use.