Comparison of the Transcriptional Profiles of Melanocytes from Dark and Light Skinned Individuals under Basal Conditions and Following Ultraviolet-B Irradiation

We analysed the whole-genome transcriptional profile of 6 cell lines of dark melanocytes (DM) and 6 of light melanocytes (LM) at basal conditions and after ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation at different time points to investigate the mechanisms by which melanocytes protect human skin from the damaging effects of UVB. Further, we assessed the effect of different keratinocyte-conditioned media (KCM+ and KCM-) on melanocytes. Our results suggest that an interaction between ribosomal proteins and the P53 signaling pathway may occur in response to UVB in both DM and LM. We also observed that DM and LM show differentially expressed genes after irradiation, in particular at the first 6h after UVB. These are mainly associated with inflammatory reactions, cell survival or melanoma. Furthermore, the culture with KCM+ compared with KCM- had a noticeable effect on LM. This effect includes the activation of various signaling pathways such as the mTOR pathway, involved in the regulation of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Finally, the comparison of the transcriptional profiles between LM and DM under basal conditions, and the application of natural selection tests in human populations allowed us to support the significant evolutionary role of MIF and ATP6V0B in the pigmentary phenotype.

Research on operating conditions at the catalytic reactor for the combined removal of NOx and PCDD/PCDFs from MWI plants

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW), particularly the role of incineration, is currently a subject of public debate. Incineration shows to be a good alternative of reducing the volume of waste and eliminating certain infectious components. Moreover, Municipal Waste Incinerators (MWI), are reported to be highly hygienic and apart from that MWIs are immediately effective in terms of transport (incinerators can be built close to the waste sources) and incineration's nature. Nevertheless, the emissions of many hazardous substances make the Municipal Waste Incineration (MWI) plants to be unpopular. Metals (especially lead, manganese, cadmium, chromium and mercury) are concentrated in fly and bottom ashes. Furthermore, incomplete combustion produces a wide variety of potentially hazardous organic compounds, such as aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), chlorinated hydrocarbons including polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF), and even acid gases, including NOx. Many of these hazardous substances are carcinogenic and some have direct systemic toxicity.

O serviço social do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social - INSS a partir da década de 90: uma análise da implantação da matriz teórico-metodológica

Com a presente dissertação intitulada O Serviço Social do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social - INSS a partir da década de 90 Uma Análise da implantação da Matriz Teórico-Metodológica, a autora buscou avaliar a concretização de uma nova proposta de trabalho profissional do assistente social do INSS, órgão responsável pela operacionalização da política previdenciária pública brasileira. A ação prioritária desenvolvida na nova proposta volta-se para assegurar o direito e acesso aos serviços e benefícios contribuindo para formação de consciência de proteção ao trabalho. Há um posicionamento dos assistentes sociais na defesa dos direitos sociais e da cidadania e a recusa dos profissionais a serem meros interlocutores institucionais, resgatando o caráter contraditório das políticas sociais na relação capital/trabalho, em favor da luta dos trabalhadores. A realidade brasileira apontou na década de 90, para uma crescente concentração de renda, aumento do desemprego e trabalho informal com o aumento das desigualdades sociais. Houve a adesão do país à política neoliberal configurando uma nova organização do trabalho, marcada por maior precarização e flexibilização das relações de trabalho e uma nova atuação do Estado, sendo realizada a contra-reforma com ênfase nas privatizações, reforma da previdência e do aparelho do Estado, dentre outras ações. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Visou analisar a implantação, as ações realizadas, as possibilidades e limites da consolidação da Matriz Teórico-Metodológica adotada pelo Serviço Social do INSS a partir da década de 90, no Brasil, no contexto do neoliberalismo. Houve a concretização da proposta delineada no novo paradigma, conforme conclui a pesquisa. Este processo não se deu de forma homogênea, mas com o envolvimento dos profissionais em todo o Brasil, que se traduziu em desenvolvimento de projetos e ações nacionais. No entanto, a consolidação desse processo exige longo prazo além de um constante aperfeiçoamento teórico metodológico, capacidade técnico-operativa e compromisso ético político do assistente social.

Sensitivity of wear rates in the micro-scale abrasion test to test conditions and material hardness

Micro-scale abrasion (ball cratering) tests were performed with different combinations of ball and bulk specimen materials, under different test conditions, such as load and abrasive slurry concentration. Wear modes were classified into two types: with rolling particle motion and with grooving particle motion. Wear rates observed with rolling particle motion were relatively insensitive to test conditions, whereas with grooving motion they varied much more. It is suggested that rolling abrasion is therefore a more appropriate mode if reproducible test results are desired. The motion of the abrasive particles can be reliably predicted from the knowledge of hardnesses and elastic properties of the ball and the specimen, and from the normal load and the abrasive slurry concentration. General trends in wear resistance measured in the micro-scale abrasion test with rolling particle motion are similar to those reported in tests with fixed abrasives with sliding particle motion, although the variation in wear resistance with hardness is significantly smaller. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Spawning and hatching performance of the silvery black porgy Sparidentex hasta under hypersaline conditions

Abu Al Abyad island is characterized by harsh environmental conditions. A preliminary trial conducted at the island to investigate the spawning and hatching performance of the blue finned sea bream Sparidentex hasta indicated that the fish can be successfully bred at high salinity levels exceeding 50 ppt.