Green Cloud Computing: una rassegna comparativa

La rapida crescita di Internet e del numero di host connessi sta portando sempre di più alla nascita di nuove forme di tecnlogie ed applicazioni serverside, facendo del client un thin-client. Il Cloud Computing offre una valida piattaforma a queste nuove tecnologie, ma esso si deve confrontare con diverse problematiche, fra cui la richiesta energetica sempre più crescente, che si ripercuote su un'inevitabile aumento dei gas serra prodotti indirettamente. In questa tesi analizzeremo i problemi energetici legati al Cloud Computing e le possibili soluzioni, andando infine a creare una tassonomia fra i diversi Cloud Computing più importanti sul mercato attuale.

Innovative treatments for shelf-life extension of whole and fresh-cut fruit

Maintaining the postharvest quality of whole and fresh-cut fruit during storage and distribution is the major challenge facing fruit industry. For this purpose, industry adopt a wide range of technologies to enable extended shelf-life. Many factors can lead to loss of quality in fresh product, hence the common description of these products as ‘perishable’. As a consequence normal factors such as transpiration and respiration lead ultimately to water loss and senescence of the product. Fruits and vegetables are living commodities and their rate of respiration is of key importance to maintenance of quality. It has been commonly observed that the greater the respiration rate of a product, the shorter the shelf-life. The principal problem for fresh-cut fruit industries is the relative shorter shelf-life of minimally processed fruit (MPF) compared to intact product. This fact is strictly connected with the higher ethylene production of fruit tissue stimulated during fresh-cut processing (peeling, cutting, dipping). 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an inhibitor of ethylene action and several researches have shown its effectiveness on the inhibition of ripening and senescence incidence for intact fruit and consequently on their shelf-life extension. More recently 1-MCP treatment has been tested also for shelf-life extension of MPF but discordant results have been obtained. Considering that in some countries 1-MCP is already a commercial product registered for the use on a number of horticultural products, the main aim of this actual study was to enhance our understanding on the effects of 1-MCP treatment on the quality maintenance of whole and fresh-cut climacteric and non-climacteric fruit (apple, kiwifruit and pineapple). Concerning the effects of 1-MCP on whole fruit, was investigated the effects of a semi-commercial postharvest treatment with 1-MCP on the quality of Pink Lady apples as functions of fruit ripening stage, 1-MCP dose, storage time and also in combination with controlled atmospheres storage in order to better understand what is the relationship among these parameters and if is possible to maximize the 1-MCP treatment to meet the market/consumer needs and then in order to put in the market excellent fruit. To achieve this purpose an incomplete three-level three-factor design was adopted. During the storage were monitored several quality parameters: firmness, ripening index, ethylene and carbon dioxide production and were also performed a sensory evaluations after 6 month of storage. In this study the higher retention of firmness (at the end of storage) was achieved by applying the greatest 1-MCP concentration to fruits with the lowest maturity stage. This finding means that in these semi-commercial conditions we may considerate completely blocked the fruit softening. 1-MCP was able to delay also the ethylene and CO2 production and the maturity parameters (soluble solids content and total acidity). Only in some cases 1-MCP generate a synergistic effect with the CA storage. The results of sensory analyses indicated that, the 1-MCP treatment did not affect the sweetness and whole fruit flavour while had a little effect on the decreasing cut fruit flavour. On the contrary the treated apple was more sour, crisp, firm and juicy. The effects of some treatment (dipping and MAP) on the nutrient stability were also investigated showing that in this case study the adopted treatments did not have drastic effects on the antioxidant compounds on the contrary the dipping may enhance the total antioxidant activity by the accumulation of ascorbic acid on the apple cut surface. Results concerning the effects of 1-MCP in combination with MAP on the quality parameters behaviour of the kiwifruit were not always consistent and clear: in terms of colour maintenance, it seemed to have a synergistic effect with N2O MAP; as far as ripening index is concerned, 1-MCP had a preservative effect, but just for sample packed in air.

Adaptive multiscale biological signal processing

Biological processes are very complex mechanisms, most of them being accompanied by or manifested as signals that reflect their essential characteristics and qualities. The development of diagnostic techniques based on signal and image acquisition from the human body is commonly retained as one of the propelling factors in the advancements in medicine and biosciences recorded in the recent past. It is a fact that the instruments used for biological signal and image recording, like any other acquisition system, are affected by non-idealities which, by different degrees, negatively impact on the accuracy of the recording. This work discusses how it is possible to attenuate, and ideally to remove, these effects, with a particular attention toward ultrasound imaging and extracellular recordings. Original algorithms developed during the Ph.D. research activity will be examined and compared to ones in literature tackling the same problems; results will be drawn on the base of comparative tests on both synthetic and in-vivo acquisitions, evaluating standard metrics in the respective field of application. All the developed algorithms share an adaptive approach to signal analysis, meaning that their behavior is not dependent only on designer choices, but driven by input signal characteristics too. Performance comparisons following the state of the art concerning image quality assessment, contrast gain estimation and resolution gain quantification as well as visual inspection highlighted very good results featured by the proposed ultrasound image deconvolution and restoring algorithms: axial resolution up to 5 times better than algorithms in literature are possible. Concerning extracellular recordings, the results of the proposed denoising technique compared to other signal processing algorithms pointed out an improvement of the state of the art of almost 4 dB.

Context detection and abstraction in smart environments

Context-aware computing is currently considered the most promising approach to overcome information overload and to speed up access to relevant information and services. Context-awareness may be derived from many sources, including user profile and preferences, network information, sensor analysis; usually context-awareness relies on the ability of computing devices to interact with the physical world, i.e. with the natural and artificial objects hosted within the "environment”. Ideally, context-aware applications should not be intrusive and should be able to react according to user’s context, with minimum user effort. Context is an application dependent multidimensional space and the location is an important part of it since the very beginning. Location can be used to guide applications, in providing information or functions that are most appropriate for a specific position. Hence location systems play a crucial role. There are several technologies and systems for computing location to a vary degree of accuracy and tailored for specific space model, i.e. indoors or outdoors, structured spaces or unstructured spaces. The research challenge faced by this thesis is related to pedestrian positioning in heterogeneous environments. Particularly, the focus will be on pedestrian identification, localization, orientation and activity recognition. This research was mainly carried out within the “mobile and ambient systems” workgroup of EPOCH, a 6FP NoE on the application of ICT to Cultural Heritage. Therefore applications in Cultural Heritage sites were the main target of the context-aware services discussed. Cultural Heritage sites are considered significant test-beds in Context-aware computing for many reasons. For example building a smart environment in museums or in protected sites is a challenging task, because localization and tracking are usually based on technologies that are difficult to hide or harmonize within the environment. Therefore it is expected that the experience made with this research may be useful also in domains other than Cultural Heritage. This work presents three different approaches to the pedestrian identification, positioning and tracking: Pedestrian navigation by means of a wearable inertial sensing platform assisted by the vision based tracking system for initial settings an real-time calibration; Pedestrian navigation by means of a wearable inertial sensing platform augmented with GPS measurements; Pedestrian identification and tracking, combining the vision based tracking system with WiFi localization. The proposed localization systems have been mainly used to enhance Cultural Heritage applications in providing information and services depending on the user’s actual context, in particular depending on the user’s location.

TCAD approaches to multidimensional simulation of advanced semiconductor devices

Technology scaling increasingly emphasizes complexity and non-ideality of the electrical behavior of semiconductor devices and boosts interest on alternatives to the conventional planar MOSFET architecture. TCAD simulation tools are fundamental to the analysis and development of new technology generations. However, the increasing device complexity is reflected in an augmented dimensionality of the problems to be solved. The trade-off between accuracy and computational cost of the simulation is especially influenced by domain discretization: mesh generation is therefore one of the most critical steps and automatic approaches are sought. Moreover, the problem size is further increased by process variations, calling for a statistical representation of the single device through an ensemble of microscopically different instances. The aim of this thesis is to present multi-disciplinary approaches to handle this increasing problem dimensionality in a numerical simulation perspective. The topic of mesh generation is tackled by presenting a new Wavelet-based Adaptive Method (WAM) for the automatic refinement of 2D and 3D domain discretizations. Multiresolution techniques and efficient signal processing algorithms are exploited to increase grid resolution in the domain regions where relevant physical phenomena take place. Moreover, the grid is dynamically adapted to follow solution changes produced by bias variations and quality criteria are imposed on the produced meshes. The further dimensionality increase due to variability in extremely scaled devices is considered with reference to two increasingly critical phenomena, namely line-edge roughness (LER) and random dopant fluctuations (RD). The impact of such phenomena on FinFET devices, which represent a promising alternative to planar CMOS technology, is estimated through 2D and 3D TCAD simulations and statistical tools, taking into account matching performance of single devices as well as basic circuit blocks such as SRAMs. Several process options are compared, including resist- and spacer-defined fin patterning as well as different doping profile definitions. Combining statistical simulations with experimental data, potentialities and shortcomings of the FinFET architecture are analyzed and useful design guidelines are provided, which boost feasibility of this technology for mainstream applications in sub-45 nm generation integrated circuits.

Analysis of ion channel stochastic signals for biosensing

In biological world, life of cells is guaranteed by their ability to sense and to respond to a large variety of internal and external stimuli. In particular, excitable cells, like muscle or nerve cells, produce quick depolarizations in response to electrical, mechanical or chemical stimuli: this means that they can change their internal potential through a quick exchange of ions between cytoplasm and the external environment. This can be done thanks to the presence of ion channels, proteins that span the lipid bilayer and act like switches, allowing ionic current to flow opening and shutting in a stochastic way. For a particular class of ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, the gating processes is strongly influenced by binding between receptive sites located on the channel surface and specific target molecules. These channels, inserted in biomimetic membranes and in presence of a proper electronic system for acquiring and elaborating the electrical signal, could give us the possibility of detecting and quantifying concentrations of specific molecules in complex mixtures from ionic currents across the membrane; in this thesis work, this possibility is investigated. In particular, it reports a description of experiments focused on the creation and the characterization of artificial lipid membranes, the reconstitution of ion channels and the analysis of their electrical and statistical properties. Moreover, after a chapter about the basis of the modelling of the kinetic behaviour of ligand gated ion channels, a possible approach for the estimation of the target molecule concentration, based on a statistical analysis of the ion channel open probability, is proposed. The fifth chapter contains a description of the kinetic characterisation of a ligand gated ion channel: the homomeric α2 isoform of the glycine receptor. It involved both experimental acquisitions and signal analysis. The last chapter represents the conclusions of this thesis, with some remark on the effective performance that may be achieved using ligand gated ion channels as sensing elements.

Spectrum shaping and its application: spread-spectrum clock generator and circuits for ultra wide band

Electromagnetic spectrum can be identified as a resource for the designer, as well as for the manufacturer, from two complementary points of view: first, because it is a good in great demand by many different kind of applications; second, because despite its scarce availability, it may be advantageous to use more spectrum than necessary. This is the case of Spread-Spectrum Systems, those systems in which the transmitted signal is spread over a wide frequency band, much wider, in fact, than the minimum bandwidth required to transmit the information being sent. Part I of this dissertation deals with Spread-Spectrum Clock Generators (SSCG) aiming at reducing Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) of clock signals in integrated circuits (IC) design. In particular, the modulation of the clock and the consequent spreading of its spectrum are obtained through a random modulating signal outputted by a chaotic map, i.e. a discrete-time dynamical system showing chaotic behavior. The advantages offered by this kind of modulation are highlighted. Three different prototypes of chaos-based SSCG are presented in all their aspects: design, simulation, and post-fabrication measurements. The third one, operating at a frequency equal to 3GHz, aims at being applied to Serial ATA, standard de facto for fast data transmission to and from Hard Disk Drives. The most extreme example of spread-spectrum signalling is the emerging ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, which proposes the use of large sections of the radio spectrum at low amplitudes to transmit high-bandwidth digital data. In part II of the dissertation, two UWB applications are presented, both dealing with the advantages as well as with the challenges of a wide-band system, namely: a chaos-based sequence generation method for reducing Multiple Access Interference (MAI) in Direct Sequence UWB Wireless-Sensor-Networks (WSNs), and design and simulations of a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) for impulse radio UWB. This latter topic was studied during a study-abroad period in collaboration with Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.

Memory hierarchy and data communication in heterogeneous reconfigurable SoCs

The miniaturization race in the hardware industry aiming at continuous increasing of transistor density on a die does not bring respective application performance improvements any more. One of the most promising alternatives is to exploit a heterogeneous nature of common applications in hardware. Supported by reconfigurable computation, which has already proved its efficiency in accelerating data intensive applications, this concept promises a breakthrough in contemporary technology development. Memory organization in such heterogeneous reconfigurable architectures becomes very critical. Two primary aspects introduce a sophisticated trade-off. On the one hand, a memory subsystem should provide well organized distributed data structure and guarantee the required data bandwidth. On the other hand, it should hide the heterogeneous hardware structure from the end-user, in order to support feasible high-level programmability of the system. This thesis work explores the heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware architectures and presents possible solutions to cope the problem of memory organization and data structure. By the example of the MORPHEUS heterogeneous platform, the discussion follows the complete design cycle, starting from decision making and justification, until hardware realization. Particular emphasis is made on the methods to support high system performance, meet application requirements, and provide a user-friendly programmer interface. As a result, the research introduces a complete heterogeneous platform enhanced with a hierarchical memory organization, which copes with its task by means of separating computation from communication, providing reconfigurable engines with computation and configuration data, and unification of heterogeneous computational devices using local storage buffers. It is distinguished from the related solutions by distributed data-flow organization, specifically engineered mechanisms to operate with data on local domains, particular communication infrastructure based on Network-on-Chip, and thorough methods to prevent computation and communication stalls. In addition, a novel advanced technique to accelerate memory access was developed and implemented.

A skin surface characterization system based on capacitive image analysis

During the last few years, several methods have been proposed in order to study and to evaluate characteristic properties of the human skin by using non-invasive approaches. Mostly, these methods cover aspects related to either dermatology, to analyze skin physiology and to evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatments in skin diseases, or dermocosmetics and cosmetic science to evaluate, for example, the effectiveness of anti-aging treatments. To these purposes a routine approach must be followed. Although very accurate and high resolution measurements can be achieved by using conventional methods, such as optical or mechanical profilometry for example, their use is quite limited primarily to the high cost of the instrumentation required, which in turn is usually cumbersome, highlighting some of the limitations for a routine based analysis. This thesis aims to investigate the feasibility of a noninvasive skin characterization system based on the analysis of capacitive images of the skin surface. The system relies on a CMOS portable capacitive device which gives 50 micron/pixel resolution capacitance map of the skin micro-relief. In order to extract characteristic features of the skin topography, image analysis techniques, such as watershed segmentation and wavelet analysis, have been used to detect the main structures of interest: wrinkles and plateau of the typical micro-relief pattern. In order to validate the method, the features extracted from a dataset of skin capacitive images acquired during dermatological examinations of a healthy group of volunteers have been compared with the age of the subjects involved, showing good correlation with the skin ageing effect. Detailed analysis of the output of the capacitive sensor compared with optical profilometry of silicone replica of the same skin area has revealed potentiality and some limitations of this technology. Also, applications to follow-up studies, as needed to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of treatments in a routine manner, are discussed.

Web 2.0, contenuti aperti e produzione tra pari: analisi economica delle possibili sinergie.

Analisi in chiave economica e sociale dell'evoluzione di Internet, delle tecnologie legate al Web 2.0, dei fenomeni della pirateria, del software libero ed open source, del copyleft, dei contenuti aperti e della produzione tra pari. Introduzione dei concetti di economia del gratis ("freeconomics") e di coda lunga. Consigli manageriali pratici per i nuovi mercati digitali e per la competizione nella rete Internet.

Sistema per la gestione di basi di dati relazionali da XML

Nello sviluppo di sistemi informatici si sono affermate numerose tecnologie, che vanno utilizzate in modo combinato e, possibilmente sinergico. Da una parte, i sistemi di gestione di basi di dati relazionali consentono una gestione efficiente ed efficace di dati persistenti, condivisi e transazionali. Dall'altra, gli strumenti e i metodi orientati agli oggetti (linguaggi di programmazione, ma anche metodologie di analisi e progettazione) consentono uno sviluppo efficace della logica applicativa delle applicazioni. E’ utile in questo contesto spiegare che cosa s'intende per sistema informativo e sistema informatico. Sistema informativo: L'insieme di persone, risorse tecnologiche, procedure aziendali il cui compito è quello di produrre e conservare le informazioni che servono per operare nell'impresa e gestirla. Sistema informatico: L'insieme degli strumenti informatici utilizzati per il trattamento automatico delle informazioni, al fine di agevolare le funzioni del sistema informativo. Ovvero, il sistema informatico raccoglie, elabora, archivia, scambia informazione mediante l'uso delle tecnologie proprie dell'Informazione e della Comunicazione (ICT): calcolatori, periferiche, mezzi di comunicazione, programmi. Il sistema informatico è quindi un componente del sistema informativo. Le informazioni ottenute dall'elaborazione dei dati devono essere salvate da qualche parte, in modo tale da durare nel tempo dopo l'elaborazione. Per realizzare questo scopo viene in aiuto l'informatica. I dati sono materiale informativo grezzo, non (ancora) elaborato da chi lo riceve, e possono essere scoperti, ricercati, raccolti e prodotti. Sono la materia prima che abbiamo a disposizione o produciamo per costruire i nostri processi comunicativi. L'insieme dei dati è il tesoro di un'azienda e ne rappresenta la storia evolutiva. All'inizio di questa introduzione è stato accennato che nello sviluppo dei sistemi informatici si sono affermate diverse tecnologie e che, in particolare, l'uso di sistemi di gestione di basi di dati relazionali comporta una gestione efficace ed efficiente di dati persistenti. Per persistenza di dati in informatica si intende la caratteristica dei dati di sopravvivere all'esecuzione del programma che li ha creati. Se non fosse cosi, i dati verrebbero salvati solo in memoria RAM e sarebbero persi allo spegnimento del computer. Nella programmazione informatica, per persistenza si intende la possibilità di far sopravvivere strutture dati all'esecuzione di un programma singolo. Occorre il salvataggio in un dispositivo di memorizzazione non volatile, come per esempio su un file system o su un database. In questa tesi si è sviluppato un sistema che è in grado di gestire una base di dati gerarchica o relazionale consentendo l'importazione di dati descritti da una grammatica DTD. Nel capitolo 1 si vedranno più in dettaglio cosa di intende per Sistema Informativo, modello client-server e sicurezza dei dati. Nel capitolo 2 parleremo del linguaggio di programmazione Java, dei database e dei file XML. Nel capitolo 3 descriveremo un linguaggio di analisi e modellazione UML con esplicito riferimento al progetto sviluppato. Nel capitolo 4 descriveremo il progetto che è stato implementato e le tecnologie e tools utilizzati.

Il museo del riuso. Progetto di riqualificazione dell'ex caserma Sani a Bologna

Il progetto di riqualificazione della Caserma Sani si ispira allʼinteresse nei confronti delle tematiche del recupero edilizio e urbano. Esso nasce dallʼintenzione di reintegrare unʼarea urbana in via di dismissione nel suo contesto attraverso lʼinserimento di nuove funzioni che rispondano alle esigenze di questa parte di città e nel contempo riqualificare i fabbricati esistenti attraverso un progetto di recupero e completamento che favorisca il dialogo del complesso esistente con il sistema urbano circostante. La volontà di riuso della maggioranza degli edifici facenti parte del vecchio impianto si basa su considerazioni legate alla natura stessa del sito: lʼintenzione è quella di conservarne la memoria, non tanto per il suo valore storico-architettonico, ma perché nel caso specifico della Caserma più che di memoria è opportuno parlare di scoperta, essendo, per propria natura militare, un luogo da sempre estraneo alla comunità e al suo contesto, chiuso e oscurato dal limite fisico del muro di cinta. La caserma inoltre si compone di edifici essenzialmente funzionali, di matrice industriale, la cui versatilità si legge nella semplicità e serialità morfologica, rendendoli “organismi dinamici” in grado di accogliere trasformazioni e cambi di funzione. Il riuso si muove in parallelo ai concetti di risignificazione e riciclaggio, dividendosi in modo egualmente efficace fra presupposti teorici e pratici. Esso costituisce una valida alternativa alla pratica della demolizione, nel caso in cui questa non sia specificatamente necessaria, e alle implicazione economiche e ambientali (smaltimento dei rifiuti, impiego dei trasporti e fondi economici, ecc.) che la accompagnano. Alla pratica del riuso si affianca nel progetto quella di completamento e ampliamento, arricchendo il vecchio sistema di edifici con nuove costruzioni che dialoghino discretamente con la preesistenza stabilendo un rapporto di reciproca complementarietà. Il progetto di riqualificazione si basa su più ampie considerazioni a livello urbano, che prevedono lʼintegrazione dellʼarea ad un sistema di attraversamento pedonale e ciclabile che colleghi da nord a sud le principali risorse verdi del quartiere passando per alcuni dei principali poli attrattori dellʼarea, quali la Stazione Centrale, il Dopolavoro Ferroviario adibito a verde attrezzato, il nuovo Tecno Polo che sorgerà grazie al progetto di riqualificazione previsto per lʼex Manifattura Tabacchi di Pier Luigi Nervi e il nuovo polo terziario che sorgerà dalla dismissione delle ex Officine Cevolani. In particolare sono previsti due sistemi di collegamento, uno ciclo-pedonale permesso dalla nuova pista ciclabile, prevista dal nuovo Piano Strutturale lungo il sedime della vecchia ferrovia che correrà da nord a sud collegando il Parco della Montagnola e in generale il centro storico al Parco Nord, situato oltre il limite viario della tangenziale. Parallelamente alla pista ciclabile, si svilupperà allʼinterno del tessuto un ampio viale pedonale che, dal Dopolavoro Ferroviario (parco attrezzato con impianti sportivi) collegherà la grande area verde che sorgerà dove ora giacciono i resti delle ex Industrie Casaralta, adiacenti alla Caserma Sani, già oggetto di bonifica e in via di dismissione, incontrando lungo il suo percorso differenti realtà e funzioni: complessi residenziali, terziari, il polo culturale e le aree verdi. Allʼinterno dellʼarea della Caserma sarà integrato agli edifici, nuovi e preesistenti, un sistema di piazze pavimentate e percorsi di attraversamento che lo riuniscono al tessuto circostante e favoriscono il collegamento da nord a sud e da est a ovest di zone della città finora poco coinvolte dal traffico pedonale, in particolare è il caso del Fiera District separato dal traffico veloce di Via Stalingrado rispetto alla zona residenziale della Bolognina. Il progetto lascia ampio spazio alle aree verdi, le quali costituiscono più del 50 % della superficie di comparto, garantendo una preziosa risorsa ambientale per il quartiere. Lʼintervento assicura lʼinserimento di una molteplicità di funzioni e servizi: residenze unifamiliari e uno studentato, uffici e commercio, una biblioteca, un auditorium e un polo museale.

Analisi dei processi di Supply Chain. Il problema dei mancanti: studio di due casi reali.

L'elaborato di tesi sviluppato ha come obiettivo l'ottimizzazione della Supply Chian di contesti manufatturieri con particolare attenzione alle procedure di approvvigionamento dei materiali e al problema dei materiali "mancanti" in produzione.Viene esposto il risultato di un’attività di analisi di due casi reali per l’ottimizzazione dell'impatto logistico del problema dell'alimentazione di sistemi di fabbricazione e montaggio. Lo studio è stato affrontato definendo un approccio basato su una duplice analisi del processo, top-down e bottom-up. Le due analisi condotte hanno permesso di procedere alla mappatura dell’intero processo end to end (che inizia con le richieste del cliente e termina con la consegna dei prodotti allo stesso) e di individuare le criticità in esso presenti, sulla base delle quali sono state fornite una serie di linee guida per la risoluzione del problema dei mancanti. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che l’ottimizzazione dell’area di pianificazione permette di migliorare la qualità dei dati in ingresso all’intero processo con conseguente diminuzione del numero di materiali mancanti. Tuttavia, la trasversalità dell’argomento ai processi aziendali impedisce la definizione di un approccio al problema focalizzato su un’area specifica. Infine, è stata eseguita una bozza di valutazione economica per la stima dei tempi di recupero degli investimenti necessari.

Reconstruction from image correspondences

A single picture provides a largely incomplete representation of the scene one is looking at. Usually it reproduces only a limited spatial portion of the scene according to the standpoint and the viewing angle, besides it contains only instantaneous information. Thus very little can be understood on the geometrical structure of the scene, the position and orientation of the observer with respect to it remaining also hard to guess. When multiple views, taken from different positions in space and time, observe the same scene, then a much deeper knowledge is potentially achievable. Understanding inter-views relations enables construction of a collective representation by fusing the information contained in every single image. Visual reconstruction methods confront with the formidable, and still unanswered, challenge of delivering a comprehensive representation of structure, motion and appearance of a scene from visual information. Multi-view visual reconstruction deals with the inference of relations among multiple views and the exploitation of revealed connections to attain the best possible representation. This thesis investigates novel methods and applications in the field of visual reconstruction from multiple views. Three main threads of research have been pursued: dense geometric reconstruction, camera pose reconstruction, sparse geometric reconstruction of deformable surfaces. Dense geometric reconstruction aims at delivering the appearance of a scene at every single point. The construction of a large panoramic image from a set of traditional pictures has been extensively studied in the context of image mosaicing techniques. An original algorithm for sequential registration suitable for real-time applications has been conceived. The integration of the algorithm into a visual surveillance system has lead to robust and efficient motion detection with Pan-Tilt-Zoom cameras. Moreover, an evaluation methodology for quantitatively assessing and comparing image mosaicing algorithms has been devised and made available to the community. Camera pose reconstruction deals with the recovery of the camera trajectory across an image sequence. A novel mosaic-based pose reconstruction algorithm has been conceived that exploit image-mosaics and traditional pose estimation algorithms to deliver more accurate estimates. An innovative markerless vision-based human-machine interface has also been proposed, so as to allow a user to interact with a gaming applications by moving a hand held consumer grade camera in unstructured environments. Finally, sparse geometric reconstruction refers to the computation of the coarse geometry of an object at few preset points. In this thesis, an innovative shape reconstruction algorithm for deformable objects has been designed. A cooperation with the Solar Impulse project allowed to deploy the algorithm in a very challenging real-world scenario, i.e. the accurate measurements of airplane wings deformations.