Anàlisi bàsic de rutes òptimes a zones de catàstrofe

L'objectiu del projecte és desenvolupar un Sistema d'Informació Geogràfica (SIG) d'ús senzill, amb la finalitat de generar cartografia actualitzada de manera gairebé instantània que serveixi de recolzament a l'ajuda internacional desplegada en un país després d'una catàstrofe natural. La cartografia serà d'Haití, com a exemple de zona afectada per un terratrèmol. Amb el SIG els equips d'emergència podran indicar aquelles vies tallades, per poder tenir cartografia actualitzada. Igualment podran indicar un punt origen i un punt destí i el SIG els indicarà la ruta més curta, tenint en compte les carreteres tallades. El programari utilitzat per desenvolupar el projecte és GeoMedia Professional, Microsoft Access i Microsoft Visual Studio .NET. S'ha generat cartografia d'Haití en format vectorial.

Projecte HAITí SIG : anàlisi bàsic de rutes òptimes a zones de catàstrofe

Els Sistemes d'Informació Geogràfica s'han convertit en quelcom molt important en els darrers temps gràcies al desenvolupament de les tecnologies sobre les que es recolzen. Aquest projecte tracta sobre ells, i ho fa des de dos vessats: el teòric i el pràctic. En la part teòrica del projecte es farà una revisió del que són per a què serveixen els Sistemes d'Informació Geogràfica. Per a entendre'ls amb més garanties es tracten lleugerament alguns conceptes genèrics sobre geodèsia i cartografia. La part pràctica del projecte descriu de quina forma s'ha creat un Sistema d'Informació Geogràfica que permet el tractament de dades d'Haití i que facilita la creació de mapes diversos. Addicionalment, per a veure una utilitat real del que es pot fer amb ells, es descriu també de quina forma s'ha dissenyat una aplicació que permet realitzar el càlcul de rutes òptimes entre dos punts, partint com a base de la xarxa de carreteres d'Haití. Per a finalitzar, es descriu de quina manera s'ha implementat un control de trams de carretera intransitables, els quals no seran considerats en el càlcul de les rutes.

Ontologías turísticas geográficas

Definición de una ontología que permita representar los aspectos relacionados con el ámbito turístico permitiendo definir la latitud y longitud de la información asociada.

Càlcul del volum de terres del subsól

Estudi d'un programari SIG: gvSIG, un programari lliure desenvolupat per iniciativa de la Conselleria d'Obres Públiques de la Generalitat Valenciana.

TFC SIG - cobertura sanitaria en zonas de catástrofe

Comando para trabajar con Geomedia Professional 6.1, que extiende la funcionalidad de la herramienta para adaptarla a un escenario en el cual se ayuda a la gestión de la cobertura sanitaria en zonas de catástrofe, en nuestro caso Haití.

Cobertura sanitaria en zonas de catástrofes

El objetivo de este trabajo es conseguir crear un Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), adquiriendo por el camino todos los conocimientos necesarios para su realización. Este trabajo está estructuradoen 4 partes bien diferenciadas.

TFC-Sistemes d'informació geogràfica

L'objectiu d'aquest projecte és desenvolupar una aplicació que ens permeti generar representacions gràfiques de grafs de mobilitat, visualitzats amb l'entorn GeoMedia Professional. A partir d'unes bases de dades d'entrada, on els trams i les cruïlles seran representades visualment com a línies i punts respectivament, s'ha dissenyat una aplicació que genera una base de dades de sortida on les dades seran visualitzades com un polígons en el cas dels carrers i cruïlles, i la senyalització de cada tram també serà representada gràficament, de manera que tindrem una representació en dos dimensions dels carrers amb la seva senyalització corresponent.

Validation of Logistic Regression Models for Landslide Susceptibility Maps

A wide range of numerical models and tools have been developed over the last decades to support the decision making process in environmental applications, ranging from physical models to a variety of statistically-based methods. In this study, a landslide susceptibility map of a part of Three Gorges Reservoir region of China was produced, employing binary logistic regression analyses. The available information includes the digital elevation model of the region, geological map and different GIS layers including land cover data obtained from satellite imagery. The landslides were observed and documented during the field studies. The validation analysis is exploited to investigate the quality of mapping.

Atlas interactivo de mortalidad de Andalucía (AIMA)

Until now, mortality atlases have been static. Most of them describe the geographical distribution of mortality using count data aggregated over time and standardized mortality rates. However, this methodology has several limitations. Count data aggregated over time produce a bias in the estimation of death rates. Moreover, this practice difficult the study of temporal changes in geographical distribution of mortality. On the other hand, using standardized mortality hamper to check differences in mortality among groups. The Interactive Mortality Atlas in Andalusia (AIMA) is an alternative to conventional static atlases. It is a dynamic Geographical Information System that allows visualizing in web-site more than 12.000 maps and 338.00 graphics related to the spatio-temporal distribution of the main death causes in Andalusia by age and sex groups from 1981. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used for AIMA development, to show technical specifications and to present their interactivity. The system is available from the link products in www.demap.es. AIMA is the first interactive GIS that have been developed in Spain with these characteristics. Spatio-temporal Hierarchical Bayesian Models were used for statistical data analysis. The results were integrated into web-site using a PHP environment and a dynamic cartography in Flash. Thematic maps in AIMA demonstrate that the geographical distribution of mortality is dynamic, with differences among year, age and sex groups. The information nowadays provided by AIMA and the future updating will contribute to reflect on the past, the present and the future of population health in Andalusia.

Molluscicidal activity of Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin leaf extracts and the principal alkaloids isolated from them against Galba truncatula

The molluscicidal activity of Hammada scoparia leaf extracts and the principal alkaloids isolated from them (carnegine and N-methylisosalsoline) were tested against the mollusc gastropod, Galba truncatula, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Tunisia. The results indicated that the molluscicidal activity was correlated with the presence of alkaloids. A significant molluscicidal value, according to the World Health Organization, was found with the methanol extract (LC50 = 28.93 ppm). Further fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of two principal alkaloids: carnegine and N-methylisosalsoline. These alkaloids are isoquinolines that have not previously been characterised for their molluscicidal activity. The N-methylisosalsoline possesses the highest molluscicidal activity (LC50 = 0.47 μM against G. truncatula).

The oldest Triassic platform margin reef from the Alpine - Carpathian region (Aggtelek, NE Hungary): platform evolution, reefal biota and biostratigraphic framework

The 1:10,000 scale mapping of the southern part of the Aggtelek Plateau (Western Carpathians, Silica Nappe, NE Hungary) and the study of five sections revealed two Middle Triassic reef bodies. In the late Pelsonian the uniform Steinalm Platform was drowned and dissected due to the Reifling Event. A connection with the open sea was established, indicated by the appearance of gladigondolellid conodonts from the early Illyrian. Basins and highs were formed. In the NW part of the studied area lower - middle? Illyrian basinal carbonates were followed by a platform margin reef (early? - middle Illyrian; reef stage 1) developed on a morphological high. This is the oldest known Triassic platform margin reef within the Alpine-Carpathian region. The reef association is dominated by sphinctozoans and microproblematics. The fossils are characteristic of the Wetterstein - type reef communities. Differently from this in the SE part of the studied region a basin existed from the late Pelsonian until the early Ladinian. During the late Illyrian - early Ladinian, the reef prograded to the SE, and reef stage 2 was established. Meanwhile, on the NW part of the platform a lagoon was formed behind the reef. Based on our palaeontological study the stratigraphic range of Colospongia catenulata, Follicatena cautica, Solenolmia manon manon, Vesicocaulis oenipontanus must be extended down to the middle Illyrian. Synsedimentary tectonics were detected in the 1. Binodosus Subzone, 2. Trinodosus Zone - the most part of the Reitzi Zone, 3. Avisianum Subzone.

A geoprocessing approach for studying and controlling schistosomiasis in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Geographical information systems (GIS) are tools that have been recently tested for improving our understanding of the spatial distribution of disease. The objective of this paper was to further develop the GIS technology to model and control schistosomiasis using environmental, social, biological and remote-sensing variables. A final regression model (R² = 0.39) was established, after a variable selection phase, with a set of spatial variables including the presence or absence of Biomphalaria glabrata, winter enhanced vegetation index, summer minimum temperature and percentage of houses with water coming from a spring or well. A regional model was also developed by splitting the state of Minas Gerais (MG) into four regions and establishing a linear regression model for each of the four regions: 1 (R² = 0.97), 2 (R² = 0.60), 3 (R² = 0.63) and 4 (R² = 0.76). Based on these models, a schistosomiasis risk map was built for MG. In this paper, geostatistics was also used to make inferences about the presence of Biomphalaria spp. The result was a map of species and risk areas. The obtained risk map permits the association of uncertainties, which can be used to qualify the inferences and it can be thought of as an auxiliary tool for public health strategies.

The Estrada Real project and endemic diseases: the case of schistosomiasis, geoprocessing and tourism

Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tool that has recently been applied to better understand spatial disease distributions. Using meteorological, social, sanitation, mollusc distribution data and remote sensing variables, this study aimed to further develop the GIS technology by creating a model for the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and to apply this model to an area with rural tourism in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais (MG). The Estrada Real, covering about 1,400 km, is the largest and most important Brazilian tourism project, involving 163 cities in MG with different schistosomiasis prevalence rates. The model with three variables showed a R² = 0.34, with a standard deviation of risk estimated adequate for public health needs. The main variables selected for modelling were summer vegetation, summer minimal temperature and winter minimal temperature. The results confirmed the importance of Remote Sensing data and the valuable contribution of GIS in identifying priority areas for intervention in tourism regions which are endemic to schistosomiasis.

Bovine tuberculosis in Doñana Biosphere Reserve: the role of wild ungulates as disease reservoirs in the last Iberian lynx strongholds.

Doñana National Park (DNP) in southern Spain is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve where commercial hunting and wildlife artificial feeding do not take place and traditional cattle husbandry still exists. Herein, we hypothesized that Mycobacterium bovis infection prevalence in wild ungulates will depend on host ecology and that variation in prevalence will reflect variation in the interaction between hosts and environmental risk factors. Cattle bTB reactor rates increased in DNP despite compulsory testing and culling of infected animals. In this study, 124 European wild boar, 95 red deer, and 97 fallow deer were sampled from April 2006 to April 2007 and analyzed for M. bovis infection. Modelling and GIS were used to identify risk factors and intra and inter-species relationships. Infection with M. bovis was confirmed in 65 (52.4%) wild boar, 26 (27.4%) red deer and 18 (18.5%) fallow deer. In the absence of cattle, wild boar M. bovis prevalence reached 92.3% in the northern third of DNP. Wild boar showed more than twice prevalence than that in deer (p<0.001). Modelling revealed that M. bovis prevalence decreased from North to South in wild boar (p<0.001) and red deer (p<0.01), whereas no spatial pattern was evidenced for fallow deer. Infection risk in wild boar was dependent on wild boar M. bovis prevalence in the buffer area containing interacting individuals (p<0.01). The prevalence recorded in this study is among the highest reported in wildlife. Remarkably, this high prevalence occurs in the absence of wildlife artificial feeding, suggesting that a feeding ban alone would have a limited effect on wildlife M. bovis prevalence. In DNP, M. bovis transmission may occur predominantly at the intra-species level due to ecological, behavioural and epidemiological factors. The results of this study allow inferring conclusions on epidemiological bTB risk factors in Mediterranean habitats that are not managed for hunting purposes. Our results support the need to consider wildlife species for the control of bTB in cattle and strongly suggest that bTB may affect animal welfare and conservation.

Map of ecological networks for landscape planning

This paper presents a method based on a geographical information system (GIS) to model ecological networks in a fragmented landscape. The ecological networks are generated with the help of a landscape model (which integrate human activities) and with a wildlife dispersal model. The main results are maps which permit the analysis and the understanding of the impact of human activities on wildlife dispersal. Three applications in a study area are presented: ecological networks at the landscape scale, conflicting areas at the farmstead scale and ecological distance between biotopes. These applications show the flexibility of the model and its potential to give information on ecological networks at different planning scales.