Letteratura parascolastica e nazionalismo nella Prima Repubblica

In the early decades of Brazilian Republic, didactic literature played an important role in contributing to the «spirit of national integration», as José Veríssimo recommended. But, in addition to fighting the «parochialism» of different regions of the vast country, didactic literary works intended to combat the «foreign threat» represented by uncontrolled immigration and the economic and military imperialism. Brief analysis of Contos Pátrios (1894) and A Pátria Brasileira (1909), written by Olavo Bilac and Coelho Neto, and Porque Me Ufano do Meu País (1901), by earl of Afonso Celso, aims to reveal some of the resources used by the authors to elicit the feeling of brotherhood, solidarity and collective bond among Brazilian children, driving away threats that hung over the country. It also indicates that the interpretation of the national past, from which came the heroes, martyrs and leaders to be worshiped and imitated by children, radically opposed the monarchist Afonso Celso and the republicans Bilac and Coelho Neto.

Propter adhorantium auctoritatem voluntate. Legittimazione, patronage e propaganda nelle Gesta Regum Anglorum di Guglielmo di Malmesbury

L’oggetto di ricerca della presente tesi di dottorato è costituito dall’analisi dell’opera Gesta Regum Anglorum, del monaco benedettino Guglielmo di Malmesbury, all’interno della quale sono stati esplorati e verificati i temi di legittimazione, di patronage e di propaganda. L’opera, infatti, rimane senza un manifesto committente, ad eccezione di una primissima versione. Il titolo della tesi rivela fin da subito questo aspetto, giacché estrae un passaggio del prologo al I libro: «propter adhorantium auctoritatem voluntate», traducibile con «per le autorevoli esortazioni che ricevetti». Dopo un’analisi delle lettere dedicatorie premesse all’opera, si è ipotizzata la volontà dell’autore di dedicare le Gesta Regum Anglorum, nella loro versione definitiva, a Roberto conte di Gloucester, approfondendo in tal senso l’aspetto legittimatorio dell’opera e la possibilità che essa potesse servire come strumento per ottenere un patronage dal conte nei confronti dell’abbazia di Malmesbury. La seconda parte della tesi è incentrata sulla comparazione tra le due principali redazioni dell’opera – quella conclusa intorno al 1126/27 e quella rivista tra 1135 e 1140 – per analizzarne le modifiche, ipotizzandone la funzione come volta mitigare aspetti relativi ai principali antenati di Roberto di Gloucester (Guglielmo I e Guglielmo II). La terza parte della tesi si è concentrata sull’aspetto propagandistico dell’opera in favore del monastero di appartenenza di Guglielmo (Malmesbury) e soprattutto in favore del clero regolare, nella dicotomia che caratterizzò questo e il clero secolare durante gli anni in cui l’autore viveva. Nell’ultima parte della tesi, è stato ripreso l’aspetto legittimatorio delle Gesta Regum, tentando di fornire un’analisi delle tre raffigurazioni dei sovrani normanni d’Inghilterra, che punteggiano i tre libri finali dell’opera.

Core networks for visual-concrete and abstract thought content: a brain electric microstate analysis

Commonality of activation of spontaneously forming and stimulus-induced mental representations is an often made but rarely tested assumption in neuroscience. In a conjunction analysis of two earlier studies, brain electric activity during visual-concrete and abstract thoughts was studied. The conditions were: in study 1, spontaneous stimulus-independent thinking (post-hoc, visual imagery or abstract thought were identified); in study 2, reading of single nouns ranking high or low on a visual imagery scale. In both studies, subjects' tasks were similar: when prompted, they had to recall the last thought (study 1) or the last word (study 2). In both studies, subjects had no instruction to classify or to visually imagine their thoughts, and accordingly were not aware of the studies' aim. Brain electric data were analyzed into functional topographic brain images (using LORETA) of the last microstate before the prompt (study 1) and of the word-type discriminating event-related microstate after word onset (study 2). Conjunction analysis across the two studies yielded commonality of activation of core networks for abstract thought content in left anterior superior regions, and for visual-concrete thought content in right temporal-posterior inferior regions. The results suggest that two different core networks are automatedly activated when abstract or visual-concrete information, respectively, enters working memory, without a subject task or instruction about the two classes of information, and regardless of internal or external origin, and of input modality. These core machineries of working memory thus are invariant to source or modality of input when treating the two types of information.

Protein disulfide isomerase blocks CEBPA translation and is up-regulated during the unfolded protein response in AML

Deregulation of the myeloid key transcription factor CEBPA is a common event in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We previously reported that the chaperone calreticulin is activated in subgroups of AML patients and that calreticulin binds to the stem loop region of the CEBPA mRNA, thereby blocking CEBPA translation. In this study, we screened for additional CEBPA mRNA binding proteins and we identified protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein, to bind to the CEBPA mRNA stem loop region. We found that forced PDI expression in myeloid leukemic cells in fact blocked CEBPA translation, but not transcription, whereas abolishing PDI function restored CEBPA protein. In addition, PDI protein displayed direct physical interaction with calreticulin. Induction of ER stress in leukemic HL60 and U937 cells activated PDI expression, thereby decreasing CEBPA protein levels. Finally, leukemic cells from 25.4% of all AML patients displayed activation of the unfolded protein response as a marker for ER stress, and these patients also expressed significantly higher PDI levels. Our results indicate a novel role of PDI as a member of the ER stress-associated complex mediating blocked CEBPA translation and thereby suppressing myeloid differentiation in AML patients with activated unfolded protein response (UPR).

Is a change in patient-reported dysphagia after induction chemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer a predictive factor for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation?

GOALS OF WORK: In patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, only those responding to the treatment ultimately benefit from preoperative chemoradiation. We investigated whether changes in subjective dysphagia or eating restrictions after two cycles of induction chemotherapy can predict histopathological tumor response observed after chemoradiation. In addition, we examined general long-term quality of life (QoL) and, in particular, eating restrictions after esophagectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with resectable, locally advanced squamous cell- or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were treated with two cycles of chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and surgery. They were asked to complete the EORTC oesophageal-specific QoL module (EORTC QLQ-OES24), and linear analogue self-assessment QoL indicators, before and during neoadjuvant therapy and quarterly until 1 year postoperatively. A median change of at least eight points was considered as clinically meaningful. MAIN RESULTS: Clinically meaningful improvements in the median scores for dysphagia and eating restrictions were found during induction chemotherapy. These improvements were not associated with a histopathological response observed after chemoradiation, but enhanced treatment compliance. Postoperatively, dysphagia scores remained low at 1 year, while eating restrictions persisted more frequently in patients with extended transthoracic resection compared to those with limited transhiatal resection. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement of dysphagia and eating restrictions after induction chemotherapy did not predict tumor response observed after chemoradiation. One year after esophagectomy, dysphagia was a minor problem, and global QoL was rather good. Eating restrictions persisted depending on the surgical technique used.

Speeches on Zionism

by Earl of Balfour. Ed. by Israel Cohen. With a foreword by Sir Herbert Samuel

Imperial Eyes. Van Dycks Porträtmalerei als globale Technologie

Zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts hatte sich die Malerei in Antwerpen vor allem durch Rubens als Medium einer zunehmend global verbundenen Welt etabliert. Doch auch zahlreiche von Van Dycks Porträts sind Zeugnisse eines oft hochgradig ambivalenten Kosmopolitismus. Neben Gemälden von international agierenden Antwerpener Händlern und Gelehrten fertigte der Künstler auch in Genua und England Porträts der adligen Elite an, in welchen sich deren globale Erfahrungen und Ambitionen spiegelten. Van Dyck reagierte in der Inszenierung der Marchesa Elena Grimaldi Cattaneo, mit einem schwarzen Sklaven, wie in der des Earl of Denbigh, zwischen einheimischen und exotischen Elementen, auf spezifische Anforderungen an das repräsentative Porträt im Zeitalter des disenclavement. Diese Anforderungen werden besonders deutlich in dem für eine geplante Expedition nach Madagaskar entstandenen Porträt des Earls of Arundel und dessen Frau Alethea Talbot. Das Gemälde verbindet Elemente herrschaftlicher, merkantilistischer und intellektueller Selbststilisierung mit einer Reduktion auf wenige, innovative Elemente. Die majestätische Inszenierung des Paars ist nur in einem globalen Kontext zu erklären, so dass sich die Frage nach der Funktion des in mehreren Werkstattkopien erhaltenen Gemäldes stellt. Hatte Van Dyck in seiner Komposition eine Lösung gefunden, die im Kontext des englischen Hofes, möglicherweise als Teil eines Festes, wie auch für potentielle Investoren, sowie die verarmte Landbevölkerung, die in der Indentur ihre einzige Hoffnung sah, gleichermaßen überzeugend wirkte? Die Hybris in dem überlebensgroßen Porträts des Paares, das mit leuchtend heller Haut, in kostbar glänzende Stoffe gekleidet und mit modernen Messinstrumenten in den Händen dargestellt ist, lässt es als ideales Medium der globalen Ambitionen des Paars erscheinen.

Ms. lat. oct. 112 - Breviarium Romanum

Vorbesitzer: B N; Pietro Barozzi (Vorbesitzer?); Bertram IV, Earl of Ashburnham; Henry Yates Thompson

Organic carbon accumulation in the equatorial Atlantic

Organic geochemical records of the last 940 kyr are presented for equatorial Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites 663 and 664 and discussed with regard to the development of ocean productivity and African paleoclimate. Proportions of marine and terrigenous organic matter (OM) are estimated from elemental, pyrolytic, isotopic, and petrologic data. Spectral analyses reveal a strong power at the eccentricity and obliquity band, indicating a close response of tropical organic sedimentation to the climatic evolution at high latitudes. The orbital covariance of organic carbon with biogenous opal and terrigenous records favor that glacially enhanced dust supply and surface water mixing were primary controls for deposition of organic carbon. Wind-borne supply of terrigenous OM contributes 26 to 55% and 0 to 39% to the bulk OM based on microscopic and isotopic records, respectively. Admixture of C4 plant matter was approximated to contribute up to 16% to the bulk organic fraction during peak glacial conditions.