Geometrical optimization of a fast pyrolysis bubbling fluidized bed reactor using comutational fluid dynamics

This paper analyzes the physical phenomena that take place inside an 1 kg/h bubbling fluidized bed reactor located at Aston University and presents a geometrically modified version of it, in order to improve certain hydrodynamic and gas flow characteristics. The bed uses, in its current operation, 40 L/min of N2 at 520 °C fed through a distributor plate and 15 L/min purge gas stream, i.e., N2 at 20 °C, via the feeding tube. The Eulerian model of FLUENT 6.3 is used for the simulation of the bed hydrodynamics, while the k - ε model accounts for the effect of the turbulence field of one phase on the other. The three-dimensional simulation of the current operation of the reactor showed that a stationary bubble was formed next to the feeding tube. The size of the permanent bubble reaches up to the splash zone of the reactor, without any fluidizaton taking place underneath the feeder. The gas flow dynamics in the freeboard of the reactor is also analyzed. A modified version of the reactor is presented, simulated, and analyzed, together with a discussion on the impact of the flow dynamics on the fast pyrolysis of biomass. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

Pyrolysis of Napier grass in a fixed bed reactor:effect of operating conditions on product yields and characteristic

This study presents a report on pyrolysis of Napier grass stem in a fixed bed reactor. The effects of nitrogen flow (20 to 60 mL/min), and reaction temperature (450 to 650 degrees C) were investigated. Increasing the nitrogen flow from 20 to 30 mL/min increased the bio-oil yield and decreased both bio-char and non-condensable gas. 30 mL/min nitrogen flow resulted in optimum bio-oil yield and was used in the subsequent experiments. Reaction temperatures between 450 and 600 degrees C increased the bio-oil yield, with maximum yield of 32.26 wt% at 600 degrees C and a decrease in the corresponding bio-char and non-condensable gas. At 650 degrees C, reductions in the bio-oil and bio-char yields were recorded while the non-condensable gas increased. Water content of the bio-oil decreased with increasing reaction temperature, while density and viscosity increased. The observed pH and higher heating values were between 2.43 to 2.97, and 25.25 to 28.88 MJ/kg, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that the oil was made up of highly oxygenated compounds and requires upgrading. The bio-char and non-condensable gas were characterized, and the effect of reaction temperature on the properties was evaluated. Napier grass represents a good source of renewable energy when all pyrolysis products are efficiently utilized.

Trattamenti (dis)continui. Progetto di una nuova tipologia di macchina industriale per il trattamento superficiale continuo di prodotti farmaceutici.

Il progetto si concentra principalmente sullo studio formale e funzionale del carter di una nuova tipologia di macchina industriale per il trattamento superficiale (coating) continuo di prodotti famaceutici. I punti di interesse sono stati: la scelta del materiale, la forma del carter, l'interazione con l'utente, la visualizzazione della macchina finita, la proposta di un piano comunicativo e di una strategià d'identità del prodotto.

Study of DNA damage with a new system for irradiation of samples in a nuclear reactor

FAPESP:97/5550

New mechanical samples positioning system for irradiations on a radial channel at nuclear research reactor in a full-power continuous operation

FAPESP:97/5550

Avaliação e Otimização de um Tanque Decantador de Placas Paralelas Verticais Empregando-se Traçadores Radioativos

É apresentada metodologia para estudos e avaliações em tempo real, de unidades para dedantação de particulados sólidos em estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) empregando-se traçadores radioativos. Um tanque decantador foi construído e os testes foram realizados usando-se 110mAg e 140La na marcação da fase sólida do esgoto e a técnica permitiu levantar-se a curva resposta da unidade e as funções distribuição do tempo de residência (RTD) para diversas situações experimentais e também identificar problemas operacionais que interferem na qualidade final do processo de tratamento do efluente. Os resultados serviram como diretriz para elaborar uma nova configuração da unidade, tornando-a mais eficiente.

Core Reactor Calculation Using the Adaptive Remeshing with a Current Error Estimator

With the objective to improve the reactor physics calculation on a 2D and 3D nuclear reactor via the Diffusion Equation, an adaptive automatic finite element remeshing method, based on the elementary area (2D) or volume (3D) constraints, has been developed. The adaptive remeshing technique, guided by a posteriori error estimator, makes use of two external mesh generator programs: Triangle and TetGen. The use of these free external finite element mesh generators and an adaptive remeshing technique based on the current field continuity show that they are powerful tools to improve the neutron flux distribution calculation and by consequence the power solution of the reactor core even though they have a minor influence on the critical coefficient of the calculated reactor core examples. Two numerical examples are presented: the 2D IAEA reactor core numerical benchmark and the 3D model of the Argonauta research reactor, built in Brasil.