Medula de la theologia moral : que con facil y claro estilo explica y resuelve sus materias y casos /

Mode of access: Internet.

Compendio breve, claro y sustancial en forma de diálogo del Prontuario de Teologia moral /

Mode of access: Internet.

Arithmetica especulativa, y practica, que contiene todo lo que pertenece al arte menor : metodo facil, y claro para aprender à contar los niños, y otros que comienzan /

Mode of access: Internet.

Fuentes de la elegancia en tres tratados : sintaxis elegante : metrologia o metodo claro, para saber brevemente todo genero de versos latinos : epistolopeia, o modo facil de escribir cartas /

Mode of access: Internet.

Actas sinceras nuevamente descubiertas de los santos Saturnino, Honesto y Fermín, apóstoles de la antigua Vasconia (hoy Navarra y sus vecindades), por las quales se pone en claro el tiempo en que florecieron, y el Obispado de San Fermín /

Mode of access: Internet.

Theatro de la verdad, y claro manifiesto del conocimiento de las enfermedades de la ciudad de Orihuela, del año 1678 : pruebase no aver sido peste, ni su contagio, sino calenturas malignas con forma vulgar, nacidas de pobreza, hambre, malos alimentos, y destemplança del tiempo /

Mode of access: Internet.

Theologia moral : en claro y breue methodo por preguntas, y respuestas arreglada a sagrados, y apostolicos dogmas ... y recogida de toda la seraphica sutil franciscana escuela ad mentem ... doctoris Joannis Duns Scoti /

Contiene: "Bulla, et Constitutio SS.D.N. Benedicti Papae XIV. Contra vere solicitantes, falso denuntiantes ...": p. 773-776.

Método sencillo, claro y fácil de asistir a los niños en la actual epidemia de viruelas naturales : arreglado a las nuevas y mejores doctrinas medicas del dia /

Mode of access: Internet.

Método claro y sencillo para la precaucion y curacion de la epidemia del Chólera-morbus arreglado a las circunstancias del pais /

Mode of access: Internet.

O claro riso medieval : conferencia lida pelo autor, no primeiro Salāo dos Humoristas e Modernistas, realisada na cidade do Porto, 14-vi-915.

Errata slip inserted.

Compendio breve, claro y substancial, en forma de diálogo del prontuario de teología moral /

Tít. de antep.: Compendio de Lárraga.

Claro origen y descendencia ilvstre de la antigua casa de Valdès : sus varones famosos, y seruicios señalados, que han hecho a la monarquia de España : ofrecido a la magestad católica del Rey N.S. Don Felipe Quarto /

Signatures: A-L⁴ M².

Densidade de estocagem em camarões da espécie Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) na fase juvenil

Among the species of freshwater shrimp being cultivated, Macrobrachium rosenbergii stands out. Knowledge about the behavior of this species and the influence of certain factors on its development can help optimize management practices and minimize the likely impacts shrimp farming has on the environment and the animals themselves. The objective of this study was to characterize the species' behavior during early stages of development under different stocking densities over a 24-hour cycle. Ten day old postlarvae were transferred from the Jundiaí School of Agriculture (EAJ - Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí) in Macaíba (RN), Brazil to the Shrimp Behavior Laboratory (LSPR - Laboratório de Estudos do Comportamento do Camarão) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), where they were weighed and measured. Eight aquaria with constant temperature, aeration and filtration, and subjected to a12 h light/12 h dark cycle were used for each experiment. Each aquarium also contained two shelters made of bricks and the water quality was monitored weekly. Behavioral observations were made at two densities: 25 individuals/m-² and 40 individuals/m-². The methods for recording behaviors were: behavioral sampling – enter and leave the shelter, exploring on the substrate, exploring in the water column, move away, attack, pursuit and cannibalism; scan sampling - inactivity, feeding, exploration, digging, swimming, cleaning and staying in the shelter. Observations were made during a 15 minute period/per aquarium at a frequency of 4 times daily, for 4 days/week, and over 4 weeks. Food was provided 2 times/day for each aquarium population, immediately before the 1st and 3rd observation periods. Our results demonstrate that at high density, there is an increased frequency of agonistic behavior; during the light phase, there is a greater frequency of behaviors that result in less exposure (inactivity, cleaning and staying in the shelter); during the dark phase, there is an increased frequency of behaviors that result in greater exposure (feeding, exploration, swimming and digging); at times of feed offer, there is an increased frequency of leaving the shelter, moving away, pursuit, feeding, exploration and swimming. At low density, the animals showed a lower frequency of agonistic behaviors, greater weight gain and higher growth rates, which indicates that this is a more favorable growing environment for cultivation and when applied, can generate better living conditions, favor survival rates and increase management success

Efeito dos andrógenos na estabilização da preferência manual em machos adultos de sagui comum (Callithrix jacchus)

The role of steroids hormones on the behavior of vertebrates have been described as organizational and activational effects. These actions occur in different periods of the ontogenetic development as fetal, early post natal and during puberty (organizational effect) or modifying the expression of behavioral patterns during time life (activational effects). Studies on brain lateralization in hand use in human and non-human primates have shown that sexual hormones seems to participate in the process of handedness strength that begins in the puberal period and is stabilized at the adult age. The aim of this study was to investigate in adult male Callithrix jacchus if the strength of use of the hand in common marmoset adult male is stable (organizational effect) or androgens variations could affect its stability (activational effect). The preferential use of one hand in 14 common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus was studied in two contexts: (1) spontaneous holding food and directing the food to mouth (feeding episodes), and (2) forced reaching food tests where the animal have to reach the food through a hole within a cover plate with a central hole that allow the use of one hand only to reach the food. The records were made during 5 sessions/20 bouts each during baseline totalizing 100 episodes before two treatments. Firstly it was used GnRH antagonist: a single subcutaneous injection of 100µg de Cetrotide – acetate of cetrorrelix (Baxter Oncology GmbH, Germany) (n=10). Secondly, a single GnRH injection of 0.2mg of GnRH (Sigma – Aldrich) (n= 8) was used. After injections 20 successful attempts of hand use episodes was recorded in the 1st , 2 nd, 7th, 15th and 30 th days, totalizing in the whole period 100 episodes for each context, after both treatments. Fecal sampling to measure extracted fecal androgens was performed in all days of data collection across the length of the basal and during the experimental periods. Statistical analysis by mixed model, Tukey test to compare mean values after the two treatments, and Levene test to compare mean variance were used, all for p-value < 0.05. In basal phase 6 animals used preferentially the right hand, 5 the left and 3 were ambidextrous. Mean handedness index in basal phase were different from that after both treatment starting at 7th day. Mean variance of handedness index for spontaneous and forced activities does not differs before and after both treatments but the mean values for GnRH index were higher than that observed for its antagonist. These findings suggested that androgens have an activational effect on handedness in adult male C. jacchus

Influência do tipo de abrigo e da frequência de oferta alimentar no comportamento do camarão Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879)

Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a freshwater prawn which presents agonistic behavior and heterogeneous growth. It is known that captive conditions can intensify agonism causing injuries and decreased survival, generating a condition of poor welfare. Based on this, we aim to investigate the behavior of M. rosenbergii in the juvenile phase according to different types of shelter and frequencies of feed offer, emphasizing their agonistic behavior. For this, juveniles were observed in the laboratory in three steps. At step I we characterized the behavioral profile; prawns were kept in eight aquariums (27 prawns/m2 ), identified and observed four times along both phases of 24 h light cycle. At step II (2 experiments), we evaluated the use of shelters (brick or polyethylene rolls) and their influence on agonism by the animals. For classification of animals in dominance rank, the method used was David's Score. At step III (3 experiments), we evaluated different frequencies of feed offer on the behavior of individuals, in particular agonism. Results showed that juveniles do not present a pattern activity/inactivity between the phases of the light cycle. We identified a dominance hierarchy among individuals taking advantage of access to food by the dominant, which showed greater weight gain although the frequency of intake did not differ between individuals. The type of shelter influenced the behavior of animals. Brick shelter generated a higher frequency of permanence and a reduction in the frequency of agonistic interactions. The distribution of food more frequently throughout the day, decreased the motivation of animals for food, as well as to fight. Prawns fed four times showed lower frequency of feed intake and agonistic interactions. Thus, we conclude the shelters which reduce animal’s detection by coespecifics and offer the food four times along the day reduce agonistic behavior. This result causes na improvement in life quality of the prawns and also in its quality as final product.