Context costs and comparative advantages in the telecommunications sector in Portugal and China

This Work Project aims to discuss the Context Costs and Comparative Advantages of the Telecommunications sector both in Portugal and China. The work was built mostly on primary research by interviews with relevant people (business persons, University Professors and Agencies directors), and by economic data publicly available. A list of context costs and comparative advantages was drawn for each country and possible resolutions suggestions were made in the end. The context costs depend heavily on the economic situation of the countries and it should be taken into account when assessing the degree of magnitude of each cost of context. The competitive advantages of each country were drawn in comparison with one another. Some key results stand out: firstly, Portugal’s costs of context depend mainly on governmental decisions, uncertainties and instability and China’s cost of context depend primarily on cultural norms, mainly the Guanxi; second, the telecommunications sector shares most of its context costs and advantages with other sectors; third, China as an economic power could use the telecommunications sector as a way to further develop and boost its economy.

Práticas de gestão e avaliação de desempenho ambiental no setor portuário em Portugal

A avaliação do desempenho ambiental e de sustentabilidade por parte das organizações tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais relevância nos últimos anos, incluindo nas organizações relacionadas com a atividade portuária. Cada vez mais se verifica a necessidade de analisar e comunicar o desempenho do setor, na perspetiva económica, social e também ambiental. Neste sentido, as práticas e instrumentos de gestão e avaliação de desempenho fornecem os meios necessários e permitem ainda apoiar a gestão e os processos de tomada de decisão. Dado que o setor portuário é um dos setores de atividade mais importantes a nível mundial e também a nível nacional, a integração da gestão ambiental na sua estrutura terá um impacte significativo no desempenho económico e ambiental de cada país. Contudo, este é um setor em que se verificam lacunas na investigação sobre a utilização deste tipo de práticas, nomeadamente no contexto português. A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo analisar as práticas de gestão e avaliação de desempenho ambiental no setor portuário em Portugal, incluindo os portos do continente e também das regiões autónomas. Por forma a cumprir o objetivo a que se propunha, desenvolveu-se um inquérito por questionário. Este foi posteriormente aplicado aos portos nacionais, e permitiu traçar o perfil de utilização dessas práticas bem como identificar os pontos fortes e fracos e criar algumas recomendações direcionadas ao setor. Os principais resultados revelaram que, apesar de existiram algumas práticas já implementadas, existe uma grande margem para evoluir, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos portos de menores dimensões. Os portos nacionais necessitam de apostar mais na implementação e utilização de práticas de gestão e avaliação de desempenho ambiental, nomeadamente de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental, formação na área do ambiente, utilização de indicadores de desempenho e de procedimentos de monitorização. Espera-se ainda que o trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação possa impulsionar a criação de melhorias no setor portuário nacional e o desenvolvimento de outros estudos complementares nesta área.

Yacht charter in Portugal- developing a business model for a sailing charter company

Given the signals that Portugal can be a great destination for charter sailing, the purpose of this work is to disprove this. Thereby the model of Porter’s five forces has been used to analyze the Portuguese yacht charter market, whereas a SWOT analysis should give an overview and compare the Portuguese market with the well running charter market of Croatia. The research outcome on the supply side as well as on the demand side should then serve as a foundation for establishing a model of a sailing charter company in Portugal, explained with the aid of the Canvas model.

What creates resilience among the unemployed? Evidence in Portugal

Resilience is the intrinsic capacity which allows individuals to adapt to adverse situations. Among unemployed, resilience obtains a particular importance as a must-required skill to face unemployment and make it possible to return to the labour market. The present work aims at discover which social and individual aspects are most responsible to increase resilience levels among the unemployed. In order to find those aspects, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of Portuguese unemployed. The results were then analysed and interpreted, and some of the possible solutions able to increase resilience levels among the Portuguese unemployed were listed and justified.

Differing trends in the association between obesity and self-reported health in Portugal and Switzerland: data from national health surveys 1992-2007.

BACKGROUND: The escalating prevalence of obesity might prompt obese subjects to consider themselves as normal, as this condition is gradually becoming as frequent as normal weight. In this study, we aimed to assess the trends in the associations between obesity and self-rated health in two countries. METHODS: Data from the Portuguese (years 1995-6, 1998-6 and 2005-6) and Swiss (1992-3, 1997, 2002 and 2007) National Health Surveys were used, corresponding to more than 130,000 adults (64,793 for Portugal and 65,829 for Switzerland). Body mass index and self-rated health were derived from self-reported data. RESULTS: Obesity levels were higher in Portugal (17.5% in 2005-6 vs. 8.9% in 2007 in Switzerland, p < 0.001) and increased in both countries. The prevalence of participants rating their health as "bad" or "very bad" was higher in Portugal than in Switzerland (21.8% in 2005-6 vs 3.9% in 2007, p < 0.001). In both countries, obese participants rated more frequently their health as "bad" or "very bad" than participants with regular weight. In Switzerland, the prevalence of "bad" or "very bad" rates among obese participants, increased from 6.5% in 1992-3 to 9.8% in 2007, while in Portugal it decreased from 41.3% to 32.3%. After multivariate adjustment, the odds ratio (OR) of stating one self's health as "bad" or "very bad" among obese relative to normal weight participants, almost doubled in Switzerland: from 1.38 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01-1.87) in 1992-3 to 2.64 (95% CI: 2.14-3.26) in 2007, and similar findings were obtained after sample weighting. Conversely, no such trend was found in Portugal: 1.35 (95% CI: 1.23-1.48) in 1995-6 and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.37-1.70) in 2005-6. CONCLUSION: Obesity is increasing in Switzerland and Portugal. Obesity is increasingly associated with poorer self-health ratings in Switzerland but not in Portugal.