Le couple conceptuel "public - privé" à l'intérieur de la littérature portant sur le problème des mains sales

Résumé: Le rapport entre la morale et la politique est un des plus vieux problèmes et des plus durables que s’est posé la philosophie morale, la philosophie politique, et plus récemment la philosophie du droit. Pour certains, la Morale, au sens large, doit guider les actions humaines dans toutes les sphères d’activité et les individus devraient ainsi, au mieux de leur capacité, chercher à se conformer à ses exigences. Dans ce cas, il ne peut y avoir de dilemme moral entre les exigences normatives issues de l’univers politique et les exigences, prétendument universelles, de la Morale. En contrepartie, d’autres suggèrent que l’on peut être justifié d’enfreindre, à certains moments, les exigences que l’on considère comme morales dans la vie « ordinaire » étant donné le caractère adversatif de la politique. Le dilemme se présente, ainsi, comme une tension entre deux normativités qui suggèrent une distinction entre ce qui relève du public et ce qui relève du privé. C’est en voulant répondre à ce dernier problème que s’est développé une littérature qui porte au cœur de sa conception le problème de la justification morale d’une action politique qui est moralement condamnable. Dans son ensemble, ce mémoire s’intéresse à analyser comment la littérature portant sur le problème des mains sales traite la question du couple conceptuel public – privé. Nous soutenons, qu’en retenant la possibilité d’une réelle distinction entre ces deux univers à normativités différentes, l’hypothèse qu’il y a effectivement une tension entre le domaine privé et le domaine public, qui ne peut totalement se soumettre aux exigences de la morale étant donné les particularités de l’action politique. Ceci étant dit, nous désirons nuancer une telle prise de position qui fait écho aux écrits de Machiavel. Ainsi, nous soutiendrons que cette distance entre le public et le privé est bien réelle, cependant, elle ne se présente pas aussi radicalement. Plutôt, elle se présente comme une distinction qui est liée à l’enjeu de l’évaluation, du jugement moral, faite par les individus qui sont hors de la politique et de ceux étant à l’intérieur de la politique.

Dinâmicas sócioeconômicas na prática dos feirantes agricultores familiares de Chapecó-SC

This thesis deals with the insertion of family farmers market that act as market traders in the city of Chapecó, state of Santa Catarina. In order to trust, reciprocity and relations of time and space dynamics present in the practice of open-air market is analyzed. From understanding the outdoor market as an extension of the activities of farms, a form of local construction market, we need new ways to evaluate the inclusion of family farming in trade. In this regard, the importance of local markets characterized by autonomy in the food hegemonic system. To this end, it uses what the peculiarities present in the practice of street fairs, its historical development, the number of farmers who act as market participants, the number of traders in the city and its surroundings, the diversity of products offered, the marketing channel access by traders and market relations farmers who act as market participants. Finally, based on the responses of suppliers and content analysis, it was possible to show how present in the social dynamics of free trade: the trusted face to face representations, reciprocity and relations of time and space between the co-present agents in the market dynamics of family farmers fair. For the study context, these representations show how important non-economic values that help build identities that relate to the strategies of social reproduction and overcoming dominant market model.

Efeito dos dias da semana na volatilidade do índice S&P 500: Um estudo empírico

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Análise Financeira,

Aproximación a la configuración jurídica del derecho a la vivienda dentro del ordenamiento jurídico español

El presente artículo trata de ofrecer una visión global sobre el derecho a una vivienda digna reconocido en el ordenamiento jurídico español. Para ello se analizará no solo dónde se regula el mencionado derecho, sino también quiénes pueden ser sujetos del mismo, qué límites presenta, con qué mecanismos de protección cuenta y qué peculiaridades presenta en el nivel competencial.

Modelo institucional do processo de estruturação de empresas de desenvolvimento de software: um estudo de múltiplos casos

Some authors have shown the need of understanding the technological structuring process in contemporary firms. From this perspective, the software industry is a very important element because it provides products and services directly to many organizations from many fields. In this case, the Brazilian software industry has some peculiarities that distinguish it from other industries located in developed countries, which makes its understanding even more relevant. There is evidence that local firms take different strategies and structural configurations to enter into a market naturally dominated by large multinational firms. Therefore, this study aims to understand not only the structural configurations assumed by domestic firms but also the dynamic and the process that lead to these different configurations. To do so, this PhD dissertation investigates the institutional environment, its entities and the isomorphic movements, by employing an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory multiple cases study. Eight software development companies from the Recife's information technology Cluster were visited. Also, a form was applied and an interview with one of the main firm s professional was conducted. Although the study is predominantly qualitative, part of the data was analyzed through charts and graphs, providing a companies and environment overview that was very useful to analysis done through the interviews interpretation. As a result, it was realized that companies are structured around hybrids business models from two ideal types of software development companies, which are: software factory and technology-based company. Regarding the development process, it was found that there is a balanced distribution between the traditional and agile development paradigm. Among the traditional methodologies, the Rational Unified Process (RUP) is predominant. The Scrum is the most used methodology among the organizations based on the Agile Manifesto's principles. Regarding the structuring process, each institutional entity acts in such way that generates different isomorphic pressure. Emphasis was given to entities such as customers, research agencies, clusters, market-leading businesses, public universities, incubators, software industry organizations, technology vendors, development tool suppliers and manager s school and background because they relate themselves in a close way with the software firms. About this relationship, a dual and bilateral influence was found. Finally, the structuring level of the organizational field has been also identified as low, which gives a chance to organizational actors of acting independently

A representação social do papel de gestores em organizações não governamentais

The discussions concerning the absence of a management model appropriate to the peculiarities of third sector organizations have not been impeditive to their emphasized expansion in the last decades. In the attempt of understanding this phenomenon from the perspective of those who manage social organizations, this work based on the theory of social representations to understand the notion that organization managers of the third sector - based in Fortaleza CE - have of the part that they play and how this notion influences the direction of their activities. Social representations of managers of four different categories of non-governmental organizations have been investigated, each category composed of two unities. The categories researched were: social integration through art and education, prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse, children s health assistance and community action. By using Doise s Societal Approach, the role of social managers translated in intraindividual, interindividual and situational processes of their actions, has been analysed within the social representations, focusing on beliefs, values, symbols and stories that give meaning to the existence of non-governmental organizations. Analysis and discussion of data displayed the existence of diversity in the understanding of managers within their practice, in other words, the management profile is also its own manager s. The branch where an organization acts is also preponderant in the shaping of a management style. It could be deduced, from to the organizations researched, that professional formation and the manager s social insertion mainly, are determinative factors in the outlining of a management model of its own. It was concluded that, due to heterogeneity of interests and action segments, there is no systematic process for social management among organizations. Management styles are supported by their director s own perception of achievement, who model organizations according to their contingencies

Cultura organizacional e qualidade dos serviços turísticos :um estudo no setor de restaurantes

The present study seeks to describe the features and peculiarities of the relationship between organizational culture and the quality of tourism services, specifically in the restaurant sector, attempting to contribute toward maintaining the tourism sector of the city of Natal/RN. Thus, a descriptive and correlational study, with qualitative and quantitative approaches, of thirty-seven restaurants that are located in areas that compose the tourism corridor of Natal was undertaken. To collect the quantitative dada, the Organizational Culture Evaluation instrument of Cameron and Quinn (2006) was applied and the SERVPERF instrument of Cronin and Taylor (1992) was used to measure the quality of the services. The results suggest that the Clan and Innovation Cultures are associated with better levels of quality of services than those of the Market and Hierarchy Cultures. The relationships that were identified in this study are consistent with results found in other studies and the information reported here can serve as a basis for managers of the restaurant sector to reach excellence in their services, satisfying their customers and contributing to maintaining the tourism sector

Análise morfofuncional de espermatozoides suínos e sua relação com a fertilidade in vivo

O espermatozoide é um dos constituintes seminal, sendo essencial para a fertilidade dos indivíduos, uma vez que nele está contido o material genético do progenitor masculino, o qual é transportado através do trato reprodutivo feminino até o encontro com o oócito. No que tange a célula espermática suína, existem poucos relatos acerca de suas as particularidades morfofuncionais, principalmente elencando os fatores relacionados e capazes de interferir na fertilidade desses animais. Devido à crescente relevância da espécie como modelo biológico e sua importância na produção comercial, torna-se necessário compreender a célula espermática, no que diz respeito às características estruturais e funcionais, relacionadas ao processo de fertilização. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou a morfofisiologia da célula espermática, no que tange a motilidade espermática, integridade e fluidez de membrana plasmática, funcionalidade de mitocôndria, reação acrossomal, espécies reativas de oxigênio, peroxidação lipídica, oxidação de proteínas carbonil, integridade de DNA, capacidade antioxidante total, balanço iônico intracelular e teste de penetração em oócitos homólogos e relacionou essas características com a fertilidade in vivo (taxa de parição). Foi encontrada um diferença significativa na fertilização in vivo, podendo distinguir os animais em animais de alta fertilidade (fertilidade ≥ 70%) e animais de baixa fertilidade (fertilidade < 70%). Animais de alta fertilidade apresentam uma maior funcionalidade mitocondrial (p<0,05), menor fluidez de membrana plasmática (p<0,01) e maior capacidade antioxidante total (p<0,01). Sendo essas últimas correlacionadas de forma positiva à fertilidade in vivo, r= 0,77; p= 0,0003 e r= 0,63; p= 0,0049, respectivamente. Dentre as demais características não foi encontrada nenhuma diferença entre os grupos. Desta forma, este trabalho mostrou algumas características da célula espermática suína e fatores capazes de interferir na fertilidade dos animais. Possivelmente animais de alta fertilidade possuem um maior metabolismo celular, devido a um maior funcionalidade de mitocôndria, sendo capazes de balancear a produção excessiva de espécies reativas de oxigênio devido a uma maior capacidade antioxidante, além disso, 5 essas células, provavelmente também possuam uma metabolismo celular mais estável e compatível com os eventos reprodutivos, o que é indicado pela menor fluidez de membrana plasmática. Assim, avaliações como a fluidez de membrana plasmática, capacidade antioxidante total e funcionalidade mitocondrial das células espermáticas destacam-se como marcadores bioquímicos promissores para predizer a fertilidade in vivo em suínos.

La biodiversidad urbana como síntoma de una ciudad sostenible. Estudio de la zona del Yanuncay en Cuenca, Ecuador

Al testear la situación de la biodiversidad urbana y los espacios verdes en la zona del Yanuncay de Cuenca (Ecuador), se pretendió revelar particularidades de la co-determinación entre la biodiversidad y las áreas verdes al interior de la ciudad. Se calcularon seis indicadores y tres índices que mostraron niveles alarmantemente bajos, que sugieren la necesidad de acciones inmediatas con el fin de recuperar la biodiversidad perdida. Por ejemplo, en el caso del indicador de la Permeabilidad del Suelo Público el 83.53% del suelo no es permeable; en cuanto a la Proximidad a Espacios Verdes el 98.82% del área de estudio no se aproxima al objetivo mínimo; en lo referente al cálculo de la Densidad de Árboles por Tramo de Calle el 98.83% de los tramos tienen arbolado insuficiente. Un aporte importante del trabajo es la construcción del Índice de Verde Urbano (IVU) que conjuga el indicador de Superficie Verde por Habitante con el de Proximidad Simultánea a Tres Tipos de Espacios Verdes, de este modo se puede tener una mirada tanto de la cantidad como de la cobertura e influencia, a distintas escalas, que estas áreas tienen sobre las personas. En este índice se constata que el 91.76% del área no cumple con el valor mínimo. Estos datos nos permiten afirmar que la ciudad actual y su producción de áreas verdes no contribuyen a la sostenibilidad ecológica y por ende a la biodiversidad urbana. Si no se proponen cambios urgentes al modelo de ciudad vigente, estos valores se volverán aún más alarmantes.

Complex functions with Geogebra

Complex functions, generally feature some interesting peculiarities, seen as extensions real functions, complementing the study of real analysis. However, the visualization of some complex functions properties requires the simultaneous visualization of two-dimensional spaces. The multiple Windows of GeoGebra, combined with its ability of algebraic computation with complex numbers, allow the study of the functions defined from ℂ to ℂ through traditional techniques and by the use of Domain Colouring. Here, we will show how we can use GeoGebra for the study of complex functions, using several representations and creating tools which complement the tools already provided by the software. Our proposals designed for students of the first year of engineering and science courses can and should be used as an educational tool in collaborative learning environments. The main advantage in its use in individual terms is the promotion of the deductive reasoning (conjecture / proof). In performed the literature review few references were found involving this educational topic and by the use of a single software.

Mise en oeuvre de la surveillance pour la Directive Cadre Européenne sur l’Eau dans les départements d’Outre-Mer - Volet littoral

The implementation of the WFD in the French overseas takes into account local, morphological, climatic and socioeconomic peculiarities, as well as specificities of their ecosystems. This document provide an up-to-date assessment of the state of characteristics of the coastal water bodies, of development of indicators and of WFD monitoring programs in each of the French overseas departments: Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guyana, Reunion Island and Mayotte.

A comunicação interna numa organização pública

The present study compose an analysis on the process of internal communication at a public organization, built on the survey data originary of administrative conduct, observation on the cultural model of the organization and how the interdepartmental and interpersonal relations shows up. The research, exploratory descriptive kind, had theoretical basis on two knowledge areas Administrative Science and Social Communication and was developed at Instituto do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Meio Ambiente IDEMA, in Rio Grande do Norte. During data collection, were conducted spontaneous and semi structured interviews with directors and coordinators, besides the application of directed questionnaire to functionaries in two unites of the institution. Through the analysis and interpretation of the data, we came to the conclusion that the process of internal communication at a public organization fall in with same challenges of private organizations, but with peculiarities that attracts the scientific look specially, in concern of the attitude assumed by the administrators in the conduction of communication functions inside the organization, the profile of social actor and the communication channels used. Although the organizational communication represents more and more a strategic function, as an administration tool, the point that research gets to shows that in public organizations the communication refrains from administrative purpose and with the major objective of giving publicity to the institutional acts and actions

Creación de neologismos en euskera: Análisis descriptivo de la terminología de la odontología en lengua vasca y propuestas para la formación de términos en los ámbitos de especialidad.

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El contrato de alimentos a favor de tercero: particularidades de su configuración a la luz del Derecho Europeo de Contratos

La sociedad actual se enfrenta con problemas hasta ahora desconocidos que necesitan una rápida y efectiva solución. El progresivo aumento de la esperanza de vida ha dado lugar a que hoy en día nos encontremos con sociedades envejecidas y necesitadas de protección. Se habla incluso de la «cuarta edad» y de la aparición de un nuevo fenómeno demográfico denominado «envejecimiento del envejecimiento», esto es, el aumento de la población con edad superior a ochenta años. A demás, aunque la vejez no implica necesariamente enfermedad, la tasa de discapacidad crece con la edad. A lo que se debe añadir que muchas de estas personas tienen hijos discapacitados que, con toda probabilidad y debido a los avances médicos, sobrevivirán a sus ancianos padres y necesitarán medios materiales y/o personales para continuar con sus vidas. Para paliar estos problemas existe, entre otras medidas, el denominado contrato de alimentos; y especialmente útil para alcanzar este cometido resulta su configuración a favor de terceras personas. Pero su régimen jurídico cuando se celebra para beneficiar a una persona que no es parte contractual presenta importantes peculiaridades derivadas de la especial relación generada entre alimentista y alimentante. Estas particularidades serán objeto de análisis en este trabajo.

Processo de implantação de um sistema integrado de gestão em uma organização pública à luz da teoria da hospitalidade :um estudo de caso

In the present time, public organizations are employing more and more solutions that uses information technology in order to ofer more transparency and better services for all citizens. Integrated Systems are IT which carry in their kernel features of integration and the use of a unique database. These systems bring several benefits and face some obstacles that make their adoption difficult. The conversion to a integrated system may take years and, thus, the study of the adoption of this IT in public sector organizations become very stimulant due to some peculiarities of this sector and the features of this technology. First of all, information about the particular integrated system in study and about its process of conversion are offered. Then, the researcher designs the configuration of the conversion process aim of this study the agents envolved and the moments and the tools used to support the process in order to elaborate the methodology of the conversion process understood as the set of procedures and tools used during all the conversion process. After this, the researcher points out, together with all the members of the conversion team, the negative and positive factors during the project. Finally, these factors were analysed through the Hospitality Theory lens which, in the researcher opinion, was very useful to understand the elements, events and moments that interfered in the project. The results consolidated empirically the Hospitality Theory presumptions, showing yet a limitation of this theory in the case in study