Educação científica no contexto pós-ontológico: por uma concepção plural de conhecimento e educação

The development of this work arises from the research of sociological and philosophical characters contemplating also other approaches which aims to answer the followingquestions: what is the responsibility of science teaching for the image one has about science? ; which scientific education should be designed for nowadays? . After considering the assumptions brought along by rationalism and the criticisms to the illuminist model proposed by sociology and philosophy of science, as well by the biology of the knowing process, going through discussions concerning post-modernity issues, one is given to understand that the image of science has become the central point of discussion in the last hundred years, including what concerns the area of science teaching, and that practically none of those discussions really reached natural science classes indeed. We adopt the term postontological to characterize the recent proposals on philosophy and sociology, because we evaluate that this term allows a better identification of the scientific realism crisis, which supports the existence of an ontological domain which science, and only science, is able to understand. One notices that the general public is not aware of those discussions, mainly if they are science teachers and students. So we believe that discussing the logic in which science is structured, the new understandings concerning the scientific undertaking, especially those of an externalist character, and the relationship between science and society, all of this contributes to build up a science teaching which contemplates a reflective contribution, besides allowing the inclusion of the study of other epistemologies in the educational practice. We argue that a revisionist posture seems to be the most appropriate for the contemporary scientific education, contemplating, besides the teaching of the usual science contents, discussions on the issues involving that knowledge, as well as respecting epistemologies alternative to the modern Western scientific one, in order one can work on the perception of local knowledge generated from other epistemological bases. We describe here practical activities we did involving teachers (short-term courses) and high-school students in an inland school in the Rio Grande do Norte state, in Brazil, as a way to demonstrate the possibility of interventions which can take those conceptions, discussions and changes to the classroom

A formação pós-graduada em ensino de ciências naturais e matemática de docentes do IFRN: implicações na atuação docente

This research part of the educational context of the Federal Rio Grande do Norte, through the resumption of legal frameworks that characterize it as an institution belonging to the Federal Network of Professional Education and Technology Brazilian, with a focus on continued education policies for the servers who work there specifically teachers, especially those who have their work in the Teaching of Natural Science and Mathematics. To do this the cut in an agreement between the IFRN and UFRN PPGECNM through the professional master's degree Teaching of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. This agreement as we have research collaborators 08 master teachers who graduated in the period 2004 to 2010, so we undertook a qualitative and quantitative research aimed to conduct the study in general terms of description and analysis of the impacts caused by the formation of masters IFRN in PPGECNM UFRN, taking into account the production of the same academic (dissertation), his performance in the context of the institution and the historical, social, economic and political aspects involved, and also meet the guidelines of the project at the Observatory in 2008 - MEC / CAPES / BSD-P. We used the theoretical options methodological elements of Comprehensive Interview and multireferentiality, our data collection instrument was the main interview, we also performed the analysis of dissertations by lecturers and teachers featured, from the specific descriptors used in catalogs USP / IFUSP (1992, 1996) and UNICAMP / FE / CEDOC (1998) and by other researchers. In analyzing and understanding the speech of the interviewees were able to identify the implications of teacher education in the school context, the motivation to seek the Master; how was the construction of the object of study of the educational product and its use in teaching practice and intervention, the question of the role of master teachers in the school environment to the post master taking into account changes in professional performance and influence in the working groups, how does the use of research and investigation in the classroom after training and between training and educational quality in the context of IFRN. In reading and analysis of the dissertations were able to identify the main focus and under-explored thematic focus as well as the theoretical methodological references. At the end of the research developed a product that could be used for technical analysis studies and assessment in quantitative terms the results achieved by the master teachers IFRN through his training in PPGECNM UFRN

Propriedades mecânicas do músculo de ratos adultos e idosos, exercitado pós-imobilização

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ventilação mecânica não-invasiva no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: atualização da literatura

Este estudo objetivou atualizar os conhecimentos em relação à utilização da ventilação mecânica não-invasiva (VMNI) no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca e identificar se há indícios da superioridade de uma forma de modalidade de VMNI em relação à outra. Foi realizada revisão da literatura entre 2006 a 2011, a partir das bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando os descritores respiração artificial, pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas, ventilação com pressão positiva intermitente e cirurgia cardíaca, e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa, os quais foram pesquisados em cruzamentos. A partir dos critérios adotados, foram selecionados nove artigos, dos quais seis demonstraram aplicações de VMNI, por meio de modalidades como pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas, pressão positiva com dois níveis pressóricos e respiração com pressão positiva intermitente, no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, e, três realizaram comparações entre as diferentes modalidades. As modalidades de VMNI descritas na literatura foram utilizadas com resultados satisfatórios. Estudos que comparam diferentes modalidades são escassos, contudo alguns demonstraram superioridade de uma modalidade de VMNI, como é o caso da respiração com pressão positiva intermitente na reversão da hipoxemia e da pressão positiva com dois níveis pressóricos na melhora da oxigenação, da frequência respiratória e frequência cardíaca desses pacientes, em comparação a outras modalidades.

Métodos de recuperação pós-exercício: uma revisão sistemática

A recuperação pós-exercício consiste em restaurar os sistemas do corpo a sua condição basal, proporcionando equilíbrio e prevenindo a instalação de lesões e, nesse sentido, torna-se aspecto importante de todo programa de condicionamento físico, em quaisquer níveis de desempenho, mas, sobretudo nos mais elevados. O objetivo desta revisão foi reunir informações e descrever as respostas proporcionadas por métodos recuperativos pós-exercício, como crioterapia, contraste, massagem e recuperação ativa, constituindo uma fonte de atualização do referido tema. Utilizaram-se os bancos de dados MedLine, Scielo e Lilacs, como lista de periódicos, o SportsDiscus. Foram incluídos no estudo somente ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados e não-controlados, além de artigos de revisão referentes ao tema proposto. Optou-se por procurar os termos: cryotherapy, massage, active recovery, thermotherapy, immersion e exercise, individualmente e em cruzamentos. Como achado, observou-se que alguns estudos relatam que a crioterapia é prejudicial em se tratando de recuperação pós-exercício, pois reduz o desempenho imediatamente após a aplicação da técnica. Por outro lado, estudos apontam como sendo benéfica, pois reduzem o nível de creatinaquinase após alta intensidade de esforço, evitando danos musculares. Para o contraste, embora apresente significância em se tratando de remoção de lactato sanguíneo, sua efetividade necessita ser mais bem discutida. Na massagem e na recuperação ativa, os principais vieses descritos dizem respeito à pressão exercida e à intensidade do exercício, respectivamente. Entre as técnicas, as que parecem ter efeitos semelhantes são o contraste e a recuperação ativa, no que tange à remoção de lactato e diminuição da creatinaquinase. Ressalta-se que o tempo de exposição é de fundamental importância para todos os métodos. Entretanto, diversos estudos não se propõem a identificar os reais efeitos fisiológicos promovidos pelas técnicas, utilizando-as de modo inipiente. Portanto, a inconsistência dos resultados encontrados sugere que a análise das variáveis utilizadas como método de recuperação deve ser mais bem controlada.

Relações entre mídia e lazer:o capitalismo, os meios e a apropriação do tempo livre nas sociedades industrial e pós-industrial

This research aims to understand the relationship between media, capitalism and ownership of free time for leisure practices in industrial societies and postindustrial. Searching is thus a conceptual framework that takes into account the kind of ideology that naturalizes the relationship of leisure with the foundations of contemporary media, and the media only with leisure, forgetting their insertion in the labor and industrial relations in society. We intend to demonstrate that every mode of production, in the capitalist system, entails a mode of reproduction. Methodologically, this is a first approximation, from theoretical concerns already performed, constituting a theoretical research, bibliographic and descriptive character. The results of the text drives us to the conclusion that the work and leisure spheres tend to be less and less differentiated, since both remain as activities of product management with the same intellective protocols, based on information and communication technology, and that accordingly, the media favors an expansion of productive activity even during leisure time

Sloterdijk e o lugar do homem no humanismo pós-metafísico

This work starts from the principle that the word humanism has been currently used to advocate certain behaviors or ways of acting which had been constituted for more than 2500 years, mainly in what refers to the most basic human values, which are clearly validated without any questioning. Humanism has been seen continually as a stone of civility touch. Thus, in 1999, the philosopher Peter Sloterdijk presented a conference in Baviera entitled Rules for the Human Zoo, whose subtitle was clear that it dealt with an answer to Martin Heidegger s text Letter on Humanism, basically showing that civility is necessarily bound to human domestication. So, the present work is split in three chapters. The first one aims to set the cultural and metaphysical bases of humanism. The second one will adopt an approach about what we will call epistolary humanism and its corollaries. Besides, in the third chapter, we will compose theoretical statements to the Heideggerian criticism against humanism and the post humanist contemporary proposition, as well as about the anthropotechnics. We can state that these two elements are considered as anthropological fundamentals of humanism and post humanism, and by understanding their mentioned historical relationship from their biological and ontological assumptions. Therefore, this work, which has been presented here, when it tries to map humanism under the theoretical influence of Sloterdijk, it distinguishes itself precisely by realizing the coherence with which he aims at diagnosing the directions of the contemporary humanism

Estudos de sinterização da mistura de pós cerâmicos diatomita-titânia

This work is part of an effort of consolidation of a daily search for powder technology at the Department of Physics of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. This work objective the study and development of new ceramic materials from raw materials abundant at the region. For this, were studied ceramic mixtures of powders from diatomite-titania to aiming at a new ceramic material from powder technology. The experimental work involved a characterization of ceramic powders from a diatomite-titania mixture. The powders obtained were pressed and then parameters like variation of mass, linear shrinkage, activation energy and the mechanism of sintering are studied in function of the time and temperature of sintering, beyond microstructural analysis. The obtained results allow us estimate the optimizing of sintering conditions of this material

Efeitos da eletroestimulação percutânea na incontinência urinária e qualidade de vida pós-prostatectomia: registro de seis casos

Introduction: Radical prostatectomy surgery is the best treatment currently adopted by detecting prostate cancer. The urinary incontinence is one more common and difficult to treat postoperative complications, which causes a negative impact on quality of life of the individual prostatectomy . The surface electrical nerve stimulation involves the transmission of electrical impulses from an external stimulator for peripheral nerve through surface electrodes attached to skin. It is an easy and efficient technique, widely used for pain relief, rehabilitation and muscle strengthening. Objective: To analyze the effect of T10-L2 percutaneous electrical stimulation, in individuals with urinary incontinence who underwent radical prostatectomy by the laparoscopic technique. Methods: Six patients had previously undergone radical prostatectomy were submitted to 20 sections of surface electrical stimulation with frequency of 4 Hz, pulse width of 1ms during 20 minutes. All subjects fillid a quality of life - International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire- Short FormI - ICIQ-SF questionnaire evaluating. Results: Results showed reduction in the use of the number of pads, number of leaks before and after treatment, and reduced voiding frequency and consequent improvement in quality of life. No side effects were reported. Conclusion: Percutanous electrical stimulation in T10-L2 may be an effective technique to treat urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy video laparoscopy

Avaliação clínica do efeito da irradiação pós-opratória do laser de baixa intensidade na cicatrização de gengivoplastias em humanos

Many studies have been made to understand the process of tissular cicatrization, as well as the possible effects of laser therapy in the wound healing. However, the influence of low frequency laser irradiation in the repairing process is not completely understood. Our study has the purpose to assess clinically the effect of postoperative irradiation of the low frequency laser in humans, and the gingival repairing process postgingivoplasty performed with the extern bevel technique. Twenty-four patients with inflammatory gingival hyperplasia were enrolled in this study, which did not reduce with basic periodontal procedures, and patients with melanin pigmentation, with esthetic indications. After surgery the test group, randomly selected by a drawing, received laser application with energy density of 4 J/cm2, immediately after surgery and each 48 hours, during a week, with a total of 4 sections. The control group did not receive irradiation. The visual clinical analyses were performed by a single blind examiner, in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 15th and 21st days post surgery. For statistic analyses of the data was used a Q-square test. Concerning the color, the results showed a better wound healing during days 6 to 8. when assessed the degree of progress of surgical wound, the results showed that the test group had a better cicatrization compared with the control group in the 2nd, 6th, 8th and 15th days post surgery, and at the 21st day both groups had the same results. Our results confirm that the laser had clinical influence in the repairing process after gingivoplasty surgery during days 2 to 15 post surgery

Didática no curso de pós graduação: uma contribuição para a transformação do fazer docente na universidade

Trata-se do relato de uma experiência desenvolvida em cursos de pós-graduação, sobre o processo de investigação e desenvolvimento de um programa para a disciplina Didática Geral. Descreve: 1) o objetivo - transformação do fazer docente na Universidade; 2) o conteúdo - fundamentos teóricos do ensino superior e planejamento de ensino; 3) o método - tomada de consciência e micro-aulas. 4) a avaliação - diagnóstica, formativa e somativa.

Avaliação do cortisol, dehidroepiandrosterona sulfato e dos perfis lipídico e imunológico e suas correlações com a sensibilidade dolorosa, depressão e funcionalidade em mulheres com fibromialgia na pós-menopausa

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a non-inflammatory rheumatic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain with palpable tender points, muscle stiffness, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Patients with FM have hormonal changes that are directly correlated with symptoms of the syndrome. The neuroendocrine regulation may be impaired, with abnormalities in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with various hormones showing changes in their levels. In women in fertile period, various gonadal hormones are associated with symptoms of the syndrome, but studies focusing only a population of women in post-menopausal period who do not use hormone replacement are rare. We developed an analytical cross sectional study to assess the plasma levels of cortisol and dehidroepiandrosterona sulfate (DHEA-S) with quimioluminescence method in a group of 17 women with FM and 19 healthy women in post-menopause who do not use hormone replacement and observe the correlation with the symptoms of pain through algometry, depression and physical functional capacity measured from the Beck Depression Index (BDI) and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Three blood samples were collected in the morning (between 8:00 9:30) with an interval of 24 hours for the measurements of hormonal levels and biochemical profile. There were no immunological or lipid changes in patients with FM. Comparing the two groups, there is no difference in levels of cortisol and a tangential effect for DHEA-S (p=0,094) with the lowest levels in the FM. DHEA-S also correlated with pain threshold (r=0,7) and tolerance (r=0,65) in group FM. We found the presence of depressive state and low physical functional capacity in FM. It was also evident that women in post-menopausal period, DHEA-S should influence the symptoms of increased sensitivity to pain, but not the presence of depressive status and low physical functional

Desenvolvimento dos filhotes de atobas-de-pés-vermelhos (Sula sula) no aquipélego de Fernando de Noronha/PE

Parental care s costs increase with the time spent due to incapacity of parents give assistance to increasing offspring food s requirement. This parental care deficits is crucial to offspring s emancipation that involve abilities development to they survive independently. In this work we observe 16 Red-footed boobies chick (Sula sula) on different stages of development, at area of Parque Nacional Marinho of Fernando de Noronha s archipelago, from August to October of 2005. Our data show the parents presence decrease during chick development and an activity frequency modification, in move and fly, which suggest the emancipation s chick development. We observe also the action of Kleptoparasits and the influence with offspring parental care. Our data show consistency with the literature. However, we consider that studies carried through during the peak of the reproductive station can support the hypothesis of that the conflicts, together with the initial period of development of the flight, can be representative in terms of mortality of chicks for the studied species

Parâmetros reprodutivo e metabólico de vacas da raça Guzerá suplementadas no pré e pós-parto

Foram utilizadas 30 vacas da raça Guzerá (10 por tratamento), suplementadas no pré-parto (PRE), pós-parto (POS) e sem suplementação (SS) com os objetivos de avaliar no pós-parto as variações do peso corporal (PC), do escore de condição corporal (ECC) (1 = muito magra a 9 = muito gorda) e dos níveis plasmáticos de colesterol total (NPCT), o índice de prenhez (IP) até 112 dias pós-parto e a viabilidade econômica dos tratamentos PRE e POS, que constou de 1 kg/dia/animal de concentrado (16% PB; 3000 kcal ED/kg). O PC e o ECC foram obtidos a cada 28 dias, e colheitas de sangue semanalmente para análise dos NPCT até 112 dias pós-parto. O PC e o ECC tiveram interação dias pós-parto x tratamento. O tratamento PRE aumentou o PC e o ECC das vacas ao parto: 477,80 kg e 6,20 respectivamente, em comparação com os tratamentos POS e SS de 453,37 kg e 5,5; 447,57 kg e 5,28, respectivamente. O PC e o ECC do tratamento PRE foi superior de 28 a 84 dias comparado ao SS, enquanto o tratamento POS foi superior apenas de 84 a 112 dias pós-parto. O tratamento POS não diferiu do PRE no PC de 56 a 112 dias pós-parto e no ECC de 28 a 112 dias pós-parto. O tratamento POS proporcionou aumento do PC e ECC das vacas, já os tratamentos PRE e SS perderam PC e ECC até 112 dias pós-parto. O PC e ECC dos tratamentos PRE, POS e SS aos 112 dias pós-parto foram de 457,79 kg e 5,38; 461,87 kg e 5,66; 436,57 kg e 4,78, respectivamente. Os NPCT tiveram efeito dos dias pós-parto, mas não de tratamento, aumentando com os dias pós-parto. Os IP não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos PRE, POS e SS com 50,00; 62,20 e 57,14%, respectivamente. Economicamente a suplementação não foi viável.

Indicadores de transtornos de estresse pós-traumático em bombeiros militares

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior