A Presença islâmica em al-Qasr : uma análise sobre o urbanismo e o sistema defensivo

Alcácer do Sal é uma cidade que esteve desde sempre ligada ao rio Sado, permitindo essa mesma ligação, que nela se fossem fixando ao longo do tempo, distintos povos, provindos das mais diversas partes do mundo. Esta ocupação por parte das populações, só foi possível, porque o território era abundante em recursos naturais e, entre eles, possuía solos bastante férteis para a agricultura. Uma das comunidades que mais marcas deixou da sua presença naquele núcleo urbano, foi, sem dúvida, a muçulmana, tal como se pode verificar no topónimo que dá o nome à cidade, assim como pela presença dos vários vestígios materiais, como a imponente fortificação militar, que se ergue na colina mais alta da povoação, assim como pelas estruturas e espólios encontrados nas diversas intervenções arqueológicas realizadas naquela cidade. Tendo em conta estes aspetos, esta dissertação pretende fazer uma aproximação ao estudo do urbanismo da medina islâmica de al-Qasr, abarcando cronologicamente o século IX, altura em que os Banu Danis se fixam na cidade, até aos inícios do século XIII, correspondente à última fase de ocupação muçulmana da cidade.

Genetic diversity and differentiation processes in the ploidy series of Olea europaea L.: a multiscale approach from subspecies to insular populations.

Geographical isolation and polyploidization are central concepts in plant evolution. The hierarchical organization of archipelagos in this study provides a framework for testing the evolutionary consequences for polyploid taxa and populations occurring in isolation. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers, we determined the genetic diversity and differentiation patterns at three levels of geographical isolation in Olea europaea: mainland-archipelagos, islands within an archipelago, and populations within an island. At the subspecies scale, the hexaploid ssp. maroccana (southwest Morocco) exhibited higher genetic diversity than the insular counterparts. In contrast, the tetraploid ssp. cerasiformis (Madeira) displayed values similar to those obtained for the diploid ssp. guanchica (Canary Islands). Geographical isolation was associated with a high genetic differentiation at this scale. In the Canarian archipelago, the stepping-stone model of differentiation suggested in a previous study was partially supported. Within the western lineage, an east-to-west differentiation pattern was confirmed. Conversely, the easternmost populations were more related to the mainland ssp. europaea than to the western guanchica lineage. Genetic diversity across the Canarian archipelago was significantly correlated with the date of the last volcanic activity in the area/island where each population occurs. At the island scale, this pattern was not confirmed in older islands (Tenerife and Madeira), where populations were genetically homogeneous. In contrast, founder effects resulted in low genetic diversity and marked genetic differentiation among populations of the youngest island, La Palma.

Homer and the New Testament as "Multitexts" in the Digital Age ?

The field of classical studies has undergone a radical transformation with the arrival of the digital age, particularly with regard to the editing of ancient texts. As Umberto Eco (2003) pointed out, the digital age may mean the end of the history of variants and of the notion of the "original text." Among the texts of antiquity, the editing of Homer and of the New Testament are more especially susceptible to the effects of digital technology because of their numerous manuscripts. Whereas the "Homer Multitext" project recognizes that the notion of a synthetic critical edition is now seriously brought into question, the prototype of the online Greek New Testament continues to be based on the aim of obtaining a unique text, in the style of a printed critical edition. As it moves from a printed culture to the digital age, the editing of the Greek NT is also confronted by the emergence of non-Western scholarship. For example, the presence is to be noted of Arabic Muslim websites that examine Greek New Testament manuscripts but without directly interacting with Western scholarship.

La Terre sainte (1875)

Périodicité : Bimens

Missale Trecense.

F. I. Calendrier de Troyes. P. 1. Temporal. P. 393. Dédicace. P. 395. Ordo missae, préface, canon. P. 435-610. Sanctoral : — s. Prudence (488) ; — sa Mastidia (500) ; — s. Loup (536) ; — s. Aderaldus (594). P. 610. Commun des saints. P. 657. Messes votives et diverses. P. 715. Proses. P. 747. Kyriale.

Lectionarium officii ad usum ecclesiae Parisiensis.

F. 1 Temporal. F. 124 S. Thomas de Cantorbéry. F. 128v Sanctoral (ste Geneviève). F. 187v Commun des saints (incompl. de la fin).

Diurnale ad usum ecclesiae Parisiensis.

F. 1 Absolutiones et benedictiones. F. 4v Preces. F. 14 Orationes communes ad suffragia. F. 19-50v Capitula propria : — Susceptio reliquiarum (37v), Sanctae Coronae (46), Sanctae Crucis (46v) ; — s. Louis (47) ; — s. Denis (49) ; — s. Marcel (50v). F. 51 Capitula communia sanctorum. F. 56 Oraisons du temporal. F. 81-116 Oraisons du sanctoral : — s. Lambert (106) ; — « In Vig. s. Dyonisii... ad processionem... ad ecclesiam Sancti Dyonisii de Passu » (108v). F. 116 Commun des saints. F. 122 Fragment relatif aux complies pour quelques fêtes. F. 123 Litanies de Paris et oraisons. F. 132 Offices des morts (incompl.).

Lectionarium officii ad usum ecclesiae Arelatensis.

F. 1-4v Noël (incompl. du début) : — Vers sibyllins (3v). F. 5 Fragment de l'office de s. Étienne. F. 7v S. Trophime (Gazay, dans Ann. du Midi, 1935, 227-229, d'après ce ms.). F. 127v S. Geniez. F. 147v S. André. F. 149v Dédicace. F. 151-153v et 162-171v Commun des saints. F. 154-161 Du 2e au 6e dim. après la Pentecôte. F. 172-174v Vita s. Marii, Badonensis abbatis (XIIIe s.). F. 174v Lectiones ad honorem... b. V. Mariae (XIIIe s.). F. 175v Kyrie des laudes de la Semaine sainte (XIIIe s.). F. 176v S. Césaire. Cf. Cavallin, Literarhist. Stud. (Lund, 1934), 126. F. 178 Dom. VII post Pent. F. 205v Dom. II mensis novembris (incompl. de la fin). Pour les vies de saints, cf. Cod. hag., III, 523.

Breviarium Catalaunense, pars aestivalis.

F. 1 Calendrier de Châlons-sur-Marne, avec additions : « Dedic. ecclesie s. Nichasii Cathalaunensis » (10 juin) ; — « Sancti Stephani Cathalaunensis » (26 oct.). F. 4 Chants de l'invitatoire. F. 8 Temporal d'été, depuis « Sabbato sancto Pasche ». F. 140-141 et 272-291v Commun des saints. F. 141-272 Sanctoral d'été ; — s. Memme (176v) ; — s. Élafe (198) ; — s. Alpin (207) ; — s. Lumier (228) ; — s. Louvent (241v). F. 298 Fête-Dieu.

Missale benedictinum ad usum Trecensem.

F. 1v et 16v Ordinaire de la messe. F. 7 Vers relatifs à l'évangéliaire offert à la cathédrale de Troyes par l'évêque Prudence (M. G., Poet. lat., II, 679). F. 9 Oraisons et préface de la messe de s. Frobert, abbé de Montier-la-Celle (fin XIe s.). F. 9v Calendrier-martyrologe avec éléments troyens. F. 15v Table de comput. F. 24-58 et 81-91 Temporal (incompl. du début) : « Ypapanti » (24) ; — « Dom. oct. Pent. » (85v) ; — « Sabbato in XII lectiones » (89v). F. 91v-96v 58v-81 et 97-124. Sanctoral : sa Eufemia (91v) ; — sa Mastidia (addit. marg. XIIIe s.) (96) ; — s. Theobaldus (addit. marg. XIIIe s.) (67) ; — Vig. et Translatio s. Benedicti (68v) ; — Oct. s. Andreae (123v). F. 124 Préfaces. F. 128 Commun des saints. F. 132 Messes votives. F. 135v Épîtres et évangiles du commun. F. 146v Oraisons diverses. F. 159v Messes diverses. F. 176v Ordo ad visitandum infirmum, etc. F. 188 Messe des morts. F. 194bis Bénédictions et prières. F. 204 « Compotus Graecorum sive Latinorum ». F. 205v « Missa de Sancto Sepulcro » (XIe s.). F. 206 « Transfiguratio Christi » (XIe s.). F. 252 Dom. XXVI post Pent. F. 254 Dom. V ante Nat. Domini (incompl. de la fin). F. 255-256 Fragment d'un compte de Thibaut de Champagne (1258-1259). (Bourquelot, dans Bibl. Éc. Ch., XXIV, 1863, 69-79.)

Missale Parisiense.

F. 1 Calendrier de Paris. F. 7-119, 130v-207 Temporal. F. 119-130v Ordo missae. F. 207v Fête-Dieu (XIVe s.). F. 211 Sanctoral. F. 256v Commun des saints. F. 282v Missae familiares. F. 294v Bénédictions. F. 295v Kyriale. F. 301 Proses. F. 365 Messes diverses (XIIIe-XVe s.).

Missale Sancti Amandi in Pabula.

F. 1 Calendrier de Saint-Amand (avril et mai manquent). F. 6v Messe de s. Hubert (XVe s.). F. 7 Bénédictions (XVe-XVIe s.). F. 9 Messes votives. F. 25 Ordo missae. F. 29v Temporal. F. 115v-174 Sanctoral : Depositio s. Benedicti (115v) ; — s. Piat (154) ; — Dédicace (157) ; — s. Amand (171v) ; — Messes de saints divers (173v). F. 174 Commun des saints.

Missale Sancti Dyonisii.

Principales fêtes seulement. Circoncision (1) ; — Avent (2) ; — Pâques (22v) ; — s. Denis (38 et 61) ; — Canon (50v) ; — Messes votives (57-80v) ; — s. Eugène (80v) ; — Commun des saints (81) ; — Bénédiction de l'eau (92). F. 1v Inscriptions de l'église de Boisemont (dioc. de Rouen) (XVIe s.).

Missale romanum ad usum Turonensem.

F. IV Calendrier romain. F. 1-129v et 145v-198v Temporal. F. 129v-145v Ordo missae. F. 198v Sanctoral. F. 255-280v Commun des saints. F. 282 Messes votives. F. 304 Additions diverses. F. I Prières diverses (XVIIIe s.).

Missale Parisiense.

F. 1 Leçons prophétiques, épître. F. 3 Calendrier de Paris. F. 9-162 et 177-258v Temporal. F. 162-177 Ordo missae, préfaces, canon. F. 259 Sanctoral. F. 334v Dédicace. F. 336 Commun des saints. F. 358v Messes votives et diverses (XIIIe-XVe s.).