Substratos na indução e desenvolvimento in vitro de raízes em dois porta-enxertos de macieira

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da vermiculita e do Plantmax como substratos alternativos ao ágar durante a indução e o desenvolvimento in vitro de raízes dos porta-enxertos de macieira 'Marubakaido' e 'M-26'. Foram utilizadas brotações apicais previamente cultivadas in vitro. O experimento foi dividido em duas fases. Na primeira fase, os tratamentos consistiram no uso de três substratos para a indução do enraizamento: ágar, Plantmax + ágar e vermiculita + ágar, com meio MS/2 acrescido de vitaminas, glicina, mio-inositol, sacarose e ácido indolbutírico (AIB). Após sete dias neste meio, as brotações foram recultivadas para meio MS com ágar (7 g L-1), sem AIB. Na segunda fase, foram testados três substratos para o desenvolvimento das raízes adventícias (ágar, Plantmax e vermiculita, umedecidas com meio MS), após sete dias de indução em meio com ágar (7 g L-1). O efeito dos tratamentos foi estudado no ambiente in vitro e durante a aclimatização das plantas. O ágar, na fase de indução do enraizamento e o ágar ou Plantmax, na fase de desenvolvimento das raízes adventícias, proporcionaram os melhores resultados, tanto para 'Marubakaido' como para 'M-26', no enraizamento in vitro e durante a aclimatização.

Special investigation of the Sac County Treasurer’s Office Motor Vehicle Department for the period January 1, 2010 through February 27, 2014

Special investigation of the Sac County Treasurer’s Office Motor Vehicle Department for the period January 1, 2010 through February 27, 2014

Chronic low-frequency rTMS of primary motor cortex diminishes exercise training-induced gains in maximal voluntary force in humans.

Although there is consensus that the central nervous system mediates the increases in maximal voluntary force (maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) produced by resistance exercise, the involvement of the primary motor cortex (M1) in these processes remains controversial. We hypothesized that 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of M1 during resistance training would diminish strength gains. Forty subjects were divided equally into five groups. Subjects voluntarily (Vol) abducted the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) (5 bouts x 10 repetitions, 10 sessions, 4 wk) at 70-80% MVC. Another group also exercised but in the 1-min-long interbout rest intervals they received rTMS [Vol+rTMS, 1 Hz, FDI motor area, 300 pulses/session, 120% of the resting motor threshold (rMT)]. The third group also exercised and received sham rTMS (Vol+Sham). The fourth group received only rTMS (rTMS_only). The 37.5% and 33.3% gains in MVC in Vol and Vol+Sham groups, respectively, were greater (P = 0.001) than the 18.9% gain in Vol+rTMS, 1.9% in rTMS_only, and 2.6% in unexercised control subjects who received no stimulation. Acutely, within sessions 5 and 10, single-pulse TMS revealed that motor-evoked potential size and recruitment curve slopes were reduced in Vol+rTMS and rTMS_only groups and accumulated to chronic reductions by session 10. There were no changes in rMT, maximum compound action potential amplitude (M(max)), and peripherally evoked twitch forces in the trained FDI and the untrained abductor digiti minimi. Although contributions from spinal sources cannot be excluded, the data suggest that M1 may play a role in mediating neural adaptations to strength training.

Indução de variabilidade na cultivar de arroz Metica-1 para resistência a Pyricularia grisea

A brusone é um dos fatores limitantes da produtividade da cultivar Metica-1, no Estado do Tocantins. Objetivando obter somaclones resistentes, foi realizada a indução de calos e a regeneração de plantas a partir de panículas imaturas da cultivar Metica-1. Duzentas e oitenta plantas R2 foram submetidas a inoculação inóculo de patótipos de Pyricularia grisea, ID-14 e II-1, provenientes das cultivares Metica-1 e Cica-8, respectivamente. Enquanto todas as 280 plantas R2 de Metica-1 foram resistentes em relação ao patótipo II-1, as progênies de duas plantas R1 mostraram resistência ao patótipo ID14, indicando a indução de variação genética com relação à resistência à brusone na cultivar suscetível, nas gerações iniciais. A geração R3 foi avançada e entre 280 somaclones R4 foram selecionados 51, incluindo dois somaclones, CNAI10390 e CNAI10393, que mostraram resistência vertical no viveiro de brusone. Nas gerações avançadas de R5 e R6, estes dois somaclones apresentaram resistência no viveiro e nas inoculações com cinco isolados, provenientes das cultivares Metica-1, Cica-8 e Epagri 108, e poderão ser usados como novas fontes de resistência à brusone nos programas de melhoramento de arroz.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, January 2014

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, January 2012

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, January 2013

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, February 2012

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, February 2013

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, February 2014

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, March 2012

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, March 2013

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, March 2014

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, April 2012

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, April 2013

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.