Message from the President of the United States : in answer to a resolution of the Senate, calling for further information in relation to the formation of a state government in California ; and also, in relation to the condition of civil affairs in Oregon.

Documents compiled by the Dept. of State, including correspondence from Bennett Riley and Joseph Lane.

Abstracts from the wills and testamentary documents of binders, printers, and stationers of Oxford, from 1493 to 1638.

Mode of access: Internet.

Contribution from the Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering

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Contributions from the Dept. of Pathology and Bacteriology, College of Medicine

Mode of access: Internet.

Thoughts from the writings and speeches of William Ewart Gladstone,

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Extracts from the Business and Professions Code of California Pertaining to Weights and Measures and Petroleum Products

Mode of access: Internet.

Letters from the United States, Cuba and Canada.

London edition, 1856, published in 2 vols.

Selections from the letters and correspondence of Sir James Bland Burges, with notices of his life.

Mode of access: Internet.

Selections from the Calcutta Gazettes of the years 1874 'to 1932, inclusive' showing the political and social condition of the English in India eighty years ago.

Mode of access: Internet.

Integrated Pb- and S-isotope investigation of sulphide minerals from the early Archaean of southwest Greenland

We present high-spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements of Pb and S isotopes in sulphides from early Archaean samples at two localities in southwest Greenland. Secondary pyrite from a 3.71 Ga sample of magnetite-quartz banded iron formation in the Isua Greenstone Belt, which has previously yielded unradiogenic Pb consistent with its ancient origin, contains sulphur with a mass independently fractionated (MIF) isotope signature (Delta(33)S =+3.3 parts per thousand). This reflects the secondary mineralization of remobilized sedimentary S carrying a component modified by photochemical reactions in the early Archaean atmosphere. It further represents one of the most extreme positive excursions so far known from the early Archaean rock record. Sulphides from a quartz-pyroxene rock and an ultramafic boudin from the island of Akilia, in the Godth (a) over circle bsfjord, have heterogeneous and generally radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions that we interpret to represent partial re-equilibration of Pb between the sulphides and whole rocks during tectonothermal events at 3.6, 2.7 and 1.6 Ga. Both these samples have Delta(33)S=0 (within analytical error) and therefore show no evidence for MIF sulphur. These data are consistent with previous interpretations that the rock cannot be proven to have a sedimentary origin. Our study illustrates that SIMS S-isotope measurements in ancient rocks can be used to elucidate early atmospheric parameters because of the ability to obtain combined S and Pb-isotope data, but caution must be applied when using such data to infer protolith. When information from geological context, petrography and chronology (i.e. by Pb isotopes) is combined and fully evaluated, Delta(33)S signatures from sulphides and their geological significance can be interpreted with a higher degree of confidence. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Different Wars Require Different Strategies: Separating the “War on Drugs” from the “War on Drug [Traffickers]”

Using the securitization framework to highlight the arguments that facilitated the “War on Drugs”, this paper highlights a separate war against drug traffickers. Facilitated by ideology through the rhetoric promoted by the “War on Drugs,” the fear of communist expansion and democratic contraction, the “War on Drug Traffickers” was implemented, requiring its own strategy separate from the “War on Drugs.” This is an important distinction because the play on words changes the perception of the issue from one of drug addiction to one of weak institutions and insurgent/terrorist threat to those institutions. Furthermore, one cannot propose strategy to win, lose, or retreat in a war that one has been unable to identify properly. And while the all-encompassing “War on Drugs” has motivated tremendous discourse on its failure and possible solutions to remedy its failure, the generalizations made as a result of the inability to distinguish between the policies behind drug addiction and the militarized policies behind drug trafficking have discounted the effect of violence perpetrated by the state, the rationale for the state perpetrating that violence, and the dependence that the state has on foreign actors to perpetrate such violence. This makes it impossible to not only propose effective strategy but also to persuade states that participate in the “War on Drug Traffickers” to adopt the proposed strategy.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the QUEBRADA (1969) and SIQUEIROS (1974) expeditions around the East Pacific Rise

Basalt samples obtained from the Siqueiros transform fault/fracture zone and the adjacent East Pacific Rise are mostly very fresh oceanic tholeiite and fractionated oceanic tholeiite with Fe+3/ Fe+2 ? 0.25; however, alkali basalts occur in the area as well. The rocks of the tholeiitic suite are ol + pl phyric and ol + pl + cpx phyric basalts, while the alkali basalts are ol and ol + pl phyric. Microprobe analyses of the tholeiitic suite phenocrysts indicate that they are Fo68-Fo86, An58-An75, and augite (Ca34Mg50Fe16). The range of olivine and plagioclase compositions represents the chemical variation of the phenocryst compositions with fractionation. The phenocyrsts in the alkali basalts are Fo81 and An69. The suite of tholeiites comprises a fractionation series characterized by relative enrichment of Fe, Ti, Mn, V, Na, K, and P and depletion of Ca, Al, Mg, Ni, and Cr. The fractionated tholeiites occur on the median ridge (which is a sliver of normal oceanic crust) of the double Siqueiros transform fault, on the western Siqueiros fracture zone, and on the adjoining East Pacific Rise, while the two transform fault troughs contain mostly unfractionated or only slightly fractionated tholeiite. We suggest that the fractionated tholeiites are produced by fractional crystallization of more 'primitive' tholeiitic liquid in a crustal magma chamber below the crest of the East Pacific Rise. This magma chamber may be disrupted by the transform fault troughs, thus explaining the paucity of fractionated tholeiites in the troughs. The alkali basalts are found only on the flanks of a topographic high near the intersection of the northern transform trough with the East Pacific Rise.

Nd, Sr and Pb isotopes and clay minerals in sediment cores from the Gulf of Cadiz and the Portuguese margin

The assemblages of marine sediments on the SW Iberian shelf have been controlled by contributions from distinct sources, which have varied in response to environmental changes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The rapid, decadal scale Mediterranean overturning circulation permits mixing of suspended particles from the entire Mediterranean Sea. They are entrained into the suspended particulate matter (SPM) carried by Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), which enters the eastern North Atlantic through the Strait of Gibraltar and spreads at intermediate depths in the Gulf of Cadiz and along the Portuguese continental margin. Other major sediment sources that have contributed to the characteristics and budget of SPM along the flow path of MOW on the SW Iberian shelf are North African dust and river-transported particles from the Iberian Peninsula. To reconstruct climate- and circulation-driven changes in the supply of sediments over the past ~23000 cal yr B.P., radiogenic Nd, Sr and Pb isotope records of the clay-size sediment fraction were obtained from one gravity core in the Gulf of Cadiz (577 m water depth) and from two gravity cores on the Portuguese shelf (1745 m, 1974 m water depth). These records are supplemented by time series analyses of clay mineral abundances from the same set of samples. Contrary to expectations, the transition from the LGM to the Holocene was not accompanied by strong changes in sediment provenance or transport, whereas Heinrich Event 1 (H1) and the African Humid Period (AHP) were marked by significantly different isotopic signatures reflecting changes in source contributions caused by supply of ice rafted material originating from the North American craton during H1 and diminished supply of Saharan dust during the AHP. The data also reveal that the timing of variations in the clay mineral abundances was decoupled from that of the radiogenic isotope signatures.

(Table 1) Mineral composition of sand- and silt-sized fractions of bottom sediments from the Romanche Trench

A study was made of mineral composition of sand- and silt-sized fractions of recent clastic (riftogenic) sediments and solidified deposits collected from the bottom of the Romanche Trench during the first voyage of R/V Akademik Kurchatov. Similarity between mineral compositions of sediments and bedrocks (ultrabasites, gabbroids, diabases) was established. This similarity is a basis for considering the mineral complex of the deposits that have been derived from the bedrocks of the trench slopes, and have formed due to their submarine denudation accompanied by tectonic crushing. The same mineral composition was found in pieces of older consolidated deposits; this suggests that conditions of sedimentation similar to those at recent times have existed for a long time in the Romanche Trench.

Gas analysis of sediment cores from the Batumi seep area

Detailed knowledge of the extent of post-genetic modifications affecting shallow submarine hydrocarbons fueled from the deep subsurface is fundamental for evaluating source and reservoir properties. We investigated gases from a submarine high-flux seepage site in the anoxic Eastern Black Sea in order to elucidate molecular and isotopic alterations of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (LMWHC) associated with upward migration through the sediment and precipitation of shallow gas hydrates. For this, near-surface sediment pressure cores and free gas venting from the seafloor were collected using autoclave technology at the Batumi seep area at 845 m water depth within the gas hydrate stability zone. Vent gas, gas from pressure core degassing, and from hydrate dissociation were strongly dominated by methane (>99.85 mol.% of Sum[C1-C4, CO2]). Molecular ratios of LMWHC (C1/[C2 + C3] > 1000) and stable isotopic compositions of methane (d13C = -53.5 per mill V-PDB; D/H around -175 per mill SMOW) indicated predominant microbial methane formation. C1/C2+ ratios and stable isotopic compositions of LMWHC distinguished three gas types prevailing in the seepage area. Vent gas discharged into bottom waters was depleted in methane by >0.03 mol.% (Sum[C1-C4, CO2]) relative to the other gas types and the virtual lack of 14C-CH4 indicated a negligible input of methane from degradation of fresh organic matter. Of all gas types analyzed, vent gas was least affected by molecular fractionation, thus, its origin from the deep subsurface rather than from decomposing hydrates in near-surface sediments is likely. As a result of the anaerobic oxidation of methane, LMWHC in pressure cores in top sediments included smaller methane fractions [0.03 mol.% Sum(C1-C4, CO2)] than gas released from pressure cores of more deeply buried sediments, where the fraction of methane was maximal due to its preferential incorporation in hydrate lattices. No indications for stable carbon isotopic fractionations of methane during hydrate crystallization from vent gas were found. Enrichments of 14C-CH4 (1.4 pMC) in short cores relative to lower abundances (max. 0.6 pMC) in gas from long cores and gas hydrates substantiates recent methanogenesis utilizing modern organic matter deposited in top sediments of this high-flux hydrocarbon seep area.