桂西那坡县种子植物区系初步研究

　　本文对桂西那坡县种子植物区系的成分进行了全面系统的的分析，以探讨区系的性质和特点，为研究广西植物区系和滇、越、桂植物区系提供宝贵的资料。 　　本区系有裸子植物9科、13属、17种，被植物164科、876属、2138种。科的分析表明以热带－亚热带分布居首位，次为热带分布。特征科有樟科、木兰科、壳斗科、金缕梅科、山茶科、茜草科、大戟科等共21科，它们也是我国热带、亚热带植物区系的特征科。 　　属的分析显示热带分布占70．75％，居首位;温带分布占18．6％;东亚分布占8．7％;我国特有分布占2．2％;缺乏中亚分布成分。热带分布中以印度－马来西亚成分居多，占27．6％，其次是泛带分布，占18．8％。 　　种的分析表明以中国特有分布居第一位，占45．1％;其次是热带亚洲分布，占31．6％;居第三位是东亚分布，占13．8％。 　　那坡植物区系特有现象十分显著，共计东亚特有科有8个，中国特有属有17个，中国特有种有774个，其中56种为那坡特有种。 　　分析结果表明那坡种了植物区系具有以下特征：（1）热带北缘性质，具有很强的热带向亚热带的过渡性;（2）特有现象显著;（3）岩溶特性明显;（4）地理成分复杂;（5）起源古老。 　　本区系分析所依据的植物名录由作者汇编而成，绝大部分种名有标本引证，且经专家审定，同时还溶进作者两次野外考察的心得，为到目前为止，最完整的一份该地区的植物名录。

Food habits of Sowerby's beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens) taken in the pelagic drift gillnet fishery of the western North Atlantic

We describe the food habits of the Sowerby’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) from observations of 10 individuals taken as bycatch in the pelagic drift gillnet fishery for Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the western North Atlantic and 1 stranded individual from Kennebunk, Maine. The stomachs of 8 bycaught whales were intact and contained prey. The diet of these 8 whales was dominated by meso- and benthopelagic fishes that composed 98.5% of the prey items found in their stomachs and cephalopods that accounted for only 1.5% of the number of prey. Otoliths and jaws representing at least 31 fish taxa from 15 families were present in the stomach contents. Fishes, primarily from the families Moridae (37.9% of prey), Myctophidae (22.9%), Macrouridae (11.2%), and Phycidae (7.2%), were present in all 8 stomachs. Most prey were from 5 fish taxa: Shortbeard Codling (Laemonema barbatulum) accounted for 35.3% of otoliths, Cocco’s Lanternfish (Lobianchia gemellarii) contributed 12.9%, Marlin-spike (Nezumia bairdii) composed 10.8%, lanternfishes (Lampanyctus spp.) accounted for 8.4%; and Longfin Hake (Phycis chesteri) contributed 6.7%. The mean number of otoliths per stomach was 1196 (range: 327–3452). Most of the fish prey found in the stomachs was quite small, ranging in length from 4.0 to 27.7 cm. We conclude that the Sowerby’s beaked whales that we examined in this study fed on large numbers of relatively small meso- and benthopelagic fishes that are abundant along the slope and shelf break of the western North Atlantic.

Mineralogical variations and physical properties of deep sea sediments, northwest Arabian Sea

Charles Darwin the research ship undertook an Oceanographic Cruise in 1986, CD 86/17 of the North Arabian Sea. Sediment cores were collected between 15° and 25°N. In this study sediment cores collected from deep Indus and Oman basins (CD 1715, CD 1730, CD 1738) have been analyzed for mineralogy, water content and porosity. In general, the cores are mainly composed of clay to silt sized terrigenous and biogenic constituents. Quartz, Chlorite and Illite are the common minerals of Arabian Sea sediments. Porosity determined by water content of sediments has been correlated with quartz/chlorite and quartz/illite peak ratios to show a relationship between mineral composition and physical properties.

Dinoflagellate "brown tides" in Alexandria, Egypt waters during 1997-1998

Charles Darwin the research ship undertook an Oceanographic Cruise in 1986, CD 86/17 of the North Arabian Sea. Sediment cores were collected between 15° and 25°N. In this study sediment cores collected from deep Indus and Oman basins (CD 1715, CD 1730, CD 1738) have been analyzed for mineralogy, water content and porosity. In general, the cores are mainly composed of clay to silt sized terrigenous and biogenic constituents. Quartz, chlorite and illite are the common minerals of Arabian Sea sediments. Porosity determined by water content of sediments has been correlated with quartz/chlorite and quartz/illite peak ratios to show a relationship between mineral composition and physical properties.

单细胞真核生物的miRNA系统及其进化意义

miRNA系统在高等多细胞真核生物中得到了广泛深入的研究。近年来,人们在单细胞真核生物上的miRNA研究也取得了重要进展。这不仅丰富了人们对miRNA在整个生物界中的认识,更重要的是对于揭示miRNA这一表达调节系统是如何在生物界中起源进化的问题具有重要意义。该文结合作者在最低等单细胞真核生物——贾第虫上的研究结果,对该领域的研究进展作一概述,并对有关miRNA这一系统的起源进化问题进行了探讨。

省应用基础研究基金在我所科研工作中的作用和地位

云南省应用基础研究基金，是国内最早设立省级基金的省份之一。回顾十年所走过的历程，对基金管理工作作一初步总结，有助于“九·五”项目的组织和管理，也有助于完善并提高基金管理水平。一、昆明动物研究所承担省基金概况（一）获准基金项目总体情况及分类自1986年省基金设立以来，截止1996年我所共主持承担了69项基金项目，其中自由申请项目68项（台面上项目、青年基金和省科委主任基金），累计获准金额201．9万元；重点项目1项，经费40万元（见表1）。从上表可以看出：第一，省基金资助强度逐年有所增强；第二，中青年同志主持的项目数呈上升趋势，自90年以后就保持在50％以上的项目由中青年同志主持。这两个从一个侧面反映了省基金的发展过程。我所获资助的基金项目接研究内容大致可分为两类：1．基础资料积累和社会公益性研究昆明动物研究所自1959年建所始，即开始动物资源调查，收集资料，至80年代已有相当的工作基础和资料积累，在省基金的支持下，一些动物类群的工作很快进人补点收尾和动物志的编写，现已出版《云南鱼类志》（上、下卷）、《云南两栖类志》、（云南鸟类志》（上卷·非雀形目）；其余各卷也接近完稿或准备送审。比较典型的社会公益性研究，如“...

Designing and testing an advanced pneumatic braking system for heavy vehicles

Heavy goods vehicles exhibit poor braking performance in emergency situations when compared to other vehicles. Part of the problem is caused by sluggish pneumatic brake actuators, which limit the control bandwidth of their antilock braking systems. In addition, heuristic control algorithms are used that do not achieve the maximum braking force throughout the stop. In this article, a novel braking system is introduced for pneumatically braked heavy goods vehicles. The conventional brake actuators are improved by placing high-bandwidth, binary-actuated valves directly on the brake chambers. A made-for-purpose valve is described. It achieves a switching delay of 3-4 ms in tests, which is an order of magnitude faster than solenoids in conventional anti-lock braking systems. The heuristic braking control algorithms are replaced with a wheel slip regulator based on sliding mode control. The combined actuator and slip controller are shown to reduce stopping distances on smooth and rough, high friction (μ = 0.9) surfaces by 10% and 27% respectively in hardware-in-the-loop tests compared with conventional ABS. On smooth and rough, low friction (μ = 0.2) surfaces, stopping distances are reduced by 23% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, the overall air reservoir size required on a heavy goods vehicle is governed by its air usage during an anti-lock braking stop on a low friction, smooth surface. The 37% reduction in air usage observed in hardware-in-the-loop tests on this surface therefore represents the potential reduction in reservoir size that could be achieved by the new system. © 2012 IMechE.