Síntese e caracterização de microesferas poliméricas reticuladas à base de poli(ácido metacrílico) contendo nanopartículas magnéticas de ferritas de manganês

As nanopartículas de ferritas de manganês (MnFe2O4) tem sido de grande interesse por causa de suas notáveis propriedades magnéticas doces (baixa coercividade e moderada magnetização de saturação) acompanhada com boa estabilidade química e dureza mecânica. A formação de materiais híbridos/compósito estabiliza as nanopartículas magnéticas (NPMs) e gera funcionalidades aos materiais. Entretanto, não foi encontrada na literatura uma discussão sobre a síntese e as propriedades de polímeros polares reticulados à base de ácido metacrílico contendo ferritas de manganês na matriz polimérica. Assim, o objetivo desta Dissertação foi produzir partículas esféricas poliméricas reticuladas, com boas propriedades magnéticas, à base de ácido metacrílico, estireno, divinilbenzeno e ferritas de manganês. Neste trabalho, foram sintetizados compósitos de ferrita de manganês (MnFe2O4) dispersa em copolímeros de poli(ácido-metacrílico-co-estireno-co-divinilbenzeno), via polimerização em suspensão e em semi-suspensão. Foram variados os teores de ferrita (1% e 5%) e a concentração do agente de suspensão (0,2% e 5%). Além disso, foram testadas sínteses contendo a fase orgânica pré-polimerizada, e também a mistura da ferrita na fase orgânica (FO), antes da etapa da polimerização em suspensão. Os copolímeros foram analisados quanto as suas morfologias - microscopia óptica; propriedades magnéticas e distribuição das ferritas na matriz polimérica - VSM, SEM e EDS-X; propriedades térmicas TGA; concentração de metais presentes na matriz polimérica absorção atômica. As ferritas foram avaliadas quanto à cristalografia XRD. A matriz polimérica foi avaliada pela técnica de FTIR. As amostras que foram pré-polimerizadas e as que além de pré-polimerizadas foram misturadas as ferritas de manganês na FO, apresentaram as melhores propriedades magnéticas e uma incorporação maior da ferrita na matriz polimérica. Essas rotas sintéticas fizeram com que os copolímeros não apresentassem aglomeração, e também minimizou a presença de ferritas na superfície das microesferas. Em geral, todos os copolímeros obtidos apresentaram as características de materiais magneticamente doces além do superparamagnetismo. Foi constatado que o aumento da concentração do PVA e a diminuição da concentração da ferrita fazem com que os diâmetros das microesferas decresçam. Os resultados de TGA e DTG mostraram que ao misturar as ferritas na FO, a concentração de material magnético na matriz polimérica aumenta cerca de 10%. Entretanto, somente a amostra PM2550, pré-polimerizada e com as ferritas misturadas na FO (5% de ferrita e 0,2% de PVA), apresentou potencial aplicação. Isso porque as ferritas não ficaram expostas na superfície das microesferas, ou seja, o material magnético fica protegido de qualquer ação externa

Self-assembly of metallated TPP porphyrin by external dipyridyl ligands

Póster presentado en: XXII International Congress and General Assembly of the International Union of Crystallography (UICr), 22–30 Agosto 2011. Madrid, España

Characteristics of large-sized ruby crystal grown by temperature gradient technique

Large ruby with the size of circle divide75 x 45 mm was grown by temperature gradient technique for the first time. Absorption spectrum was carried out in the range of 190-800 nm by spectrophotometer, and the concentration spatial distribution of Cr3+ in ruby was calculated from the absorption coefficient that based on the Beer-Lambert's Law. Cr3+ ions gradually increase alone both the growth axis and the radial direction. The shape and ingredient of the inclusions were measured by means of Leitz ride field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Lane photos and X-ray omega scan show the good quality of as grown ruby. The optimized growth conditions were pointed out based on the observation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Protein three-dimensional structural databases: Domains, structurally aligned homologues and superfamilies

This paper reports the availability of a database of protein structural domains (DDBASE), an alignment database of homologous proteins (HOMSTRAD) and a database of structurally aligned superfamilies (CAMPASS) on the World Wide Web (WWW). DDBASE contains information on the organization of structural domains and their boundaries; it includes only one representative domain from each of the homologous families. This database has been derived by identifying the presence of structural domains in proteins on the basis of inter-secondary structural distances using the program DIAL [Sowdhamini & Blundell (1995), Protein Sci. 4, 506-520]. The alignment of proteins in superfamilies has been performed on the basis of the structural features and relationships of individual residues using the program COMPARER [Sali & Blundell (1990), J. Mol. Biol. 212, 403-428]. The alignment databases contain information on the conserved structural features in homologous proteins and those belonging to superfamilies. Available data include the sequence alignments in structure-annotated formats and the provision for viewing superposed structures of proteins using a graphical interface. Such information, which is freely accessible on the WWW, should be of value to crystallographers in the comparison of newly determined protein structures with previously identified protein domains or existing families.

Comparison of quantum chemistry calculation methods of nucleic acid base-quartets

Nine base-quartets were calculated by six semi-empirical methods and ab initio Hartree-Fork method using STO-3G basis set. The results showed that PM3 method can be use to calculate base quartets, the results of PM3 calculations are close to the ab initio

4-Benzyl-5-ethyl-2-(2-furylcarbonylmethylsulfanyl) pyrimidin-6(1H)-one

The title compound, C19H18N2O3S, shows favourable activity against HIV-1. The phenyl ring is twisted with respect to the pyrimidine ring by 61.56 (9)degrees. Intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot O and C-H center dot center dot center dot O

A microfluidic device for high density hydrodynamic cell trapping, growth and super-resolution imaging

Super-Resolution imaging techniques such as Fluorescent Photo-Activation Localisation Microscopy (FPALM) have created a powerful new toolkit for investigating living cells, however a simple platform for growing, trapping, holding and controlling the cells is needed before the approach can become truly widespread. We present a microfluidic device formed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a fluidic design which traps cells in a high-density array of wells and holds them very still throughout the life cycle, using hydrodynamic forces only. The device meets or exceeds all the necessary criteria for FPALM imaging of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and is designed to remain flexible, robust and easy to use. © 2011 IEEE.

Deposition of c-axis orientation aluminum nitride films on flexible polymer substrates by reactive direct-current magnetron sputtering

Aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric thin films with c-axis crystal orientation on polymer substrates can potentially be used for development of flexible electronics and lab-on-chip systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of deposition parameters on the crystal structure of AlN thin films on polymer substrates deposited by reactive direct-current magnetron sputtering. The results show that low sputtering pressure as well as optimized N 2/Ar flow ratio and sputtering power is beneficial for AlN (002) orientation and can produce a highly (002) oriented columnar structure on polymer substrates. High sputtering power and low N 2/Ar flow ratio increase the deposition rate. In addition, the thickness of Al underlayer also has a strong influence on the film crystallography. The optimal deposition parameters in our experiments are: deposition pressure 0.38 Pa, N 2/Ar flow ratio 2:3, sputtering power 414 W, and thickness of Al underlayer less than 100 nm. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The parameter space of graphene chemical vapor deposition on polycrystalline Cu

A systematic study of the parameter space of graphene chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on polycrystalline Cu foils is presented, aiming at a more fundamental process rationale in particular regarding the choice of carbon precursor and mitigation of Cu sublimation. CH 4 as precursor requires H 2 dilution and temperatures ≥1000 °C to keep the Cu surface reduced and yield a high-quality, complete monolayer graphene coverage. The H 2 atmosphere etches as-grown graphene; hence, maintaining a balanced CH 4/H 2 ratio is critical. Such balance is more easily achieved at low-pressure conditions, at which however Cu sublimation reaches deleterious levels. In contrast, C 6H 6 as precursor requires no reactive diluent and consistently gives similar graphene quality at 100-150 °C lower temperatures. The lower process temperature and more robust processing conditions allow the problem of Cu sublimation to be effectively addressed. Graphene formation is not inherently self-limited to a monolayer for any of the precursors. Rather, the higher the supplied carbon chemical potential, the higher the likelihood of film inhomogeneity and primary and secondary multilayer graphene nucleation. For the latter, domain boundaries of the inherently polycrystalline CVD graphene offer pathways for a continued carbon supply to the catalyst. Graphene formation is significantly affected by the Cu crystallography; i.e., the evolution of microstructure and texture of the catalyst template form an integral part of the CVD process. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Effect of trimethylgallium flow on the structural and optical properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on (0001) sapphire substrates. Triple-axis X-ray diffraction (TXRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra are used to assess the influence of trimethylgallium (TMGa) flow on structural defects, such as dislocations and interface roughness, and the optical properties of the MQWs. In this paper, a method, involving an ! scan of every satellite peak of TXRD, is presented to measure the mean dislocation density of InGaN/GaN MQWs. The experimental results show that under certain conditions which keep the trimethlyindium flow constant, dislocation density and interface roughness decrease with the increase of TMGa flow, which will improve the PL properties. It can be concluded that dislocations, especially edge dislocations, act as nonradiative recombination centres in InGaN/GaN MQWs. Also noticed is that changing the TMGa flow has more influence on edge dislocations than screw dislocations.