Immunoglobulins in saliva of preterm and full-term infants. A longitudinal study from 0-18 months of age

The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine salivary levels of total IgA, IgG and IgM in 84 preterm and 214 full-term infants, from birth to 18 months of age. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each infant at birth, and subsequently at 3-monthly intervals. Immunoglobulin levels were estimated using an ELISA technique. At birth, IgA was detected in 147/214 (69%) full-term infants but only 47/84 (56%) preterm infants (P

Centile reference for total energy expenditure in infants from 1 to 12 months

Background: A knowledge of energy expenditure in infancy is required for the estimation of recommended daily amounts of food energy, for designing artificial infant feeds, and as a reference standard for studies of energy metabolism in disease states. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to construct centile reference charts for total energy expenditure (TEE) in infants across the first year of life. Methods: Repeated measures of TEE using the doubly labeled water technique were made in 162 infants at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. In total, 322 TEE measurements were obtained. The LMS method with maximum penalized likelihood was used to construct the centile reference charts. Centiles were constructed for TEE expressed as MJ/day and also expressed relative to body weight (BW) and fat-free mass (FFM). Results: TEE increased with age and was 1.40,1.86, 2.64, 3.07 and 3.65 MJ/day at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. The standard deviations were 0.43, 0.47, 0.52, 0.66 and 0.88, respectively. TEE in MJ/kg increased from 0.29 to 0.36 and in MJ/day/kg FFM from 0.36 to 0.48. Conclusions: We have presented centile reference charts for TEE expressed as MJ/day and expressed relative to BW and FFM in infants across the first year of life. There was a wide variation or biological scatter in TEE values seen at all ages. We suggest that these centile charts may be used to assess and possibly quantify abnormal energy metabolism in disease states in infants.

Systematic review of the role of pre-oxygenation for tracheal suctioning in ventilated newborn infants

Pre-oxygenation for endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in many neonatal intensive care units. In the present systematic review the evidence to support its use is discussed and the authors conclude that no confident recommendations can be made from the results of this review.

Impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, brain injury, and severe retinopathy on the outcome of extremely low-birth-weight infants at 18 months

CONTEXT: Despite more than 2 decades of outcomes research after very preterm birth, clinicians remain uncertain about the extent to which neonatal morbidities predict poor long-term outcomes of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants. OBJECTIVE: To determine the individual and combined prognostic effects of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), ultrasonographic signs of brain injury, and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on 18-month outcomes of ELBW infants. DESIGN: Inception cohort assembled for the Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms (TIPP). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 910 infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g who were admitted to 1 of 32 neonatal intensive care units in Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong between 1996 and 1998 and who survived to a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Combined end point of death or survival to 18 months with 1 or more of cerebral palsy, cognitive delay, severe hearing loss, and bilateral blindness. RESULTS: Each of the neonatal morbidities was similarly and independently correlated with a poor 18-month outcome. Odds ratios were 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3.2) for BPD, 3.7 (95% CI, 2.6-5.3) for brain injury, and 3.1 (95% CI, 1.9-5.0) for severe ROP. In children who were free of BPD, brain injury, and severe ROP the rate of poor long-term outcomes was 18% (95% CI, 14%-22%). Corresponding rates with any 1, any 2, and all 3 neonatal morbidities were 42% (95% CI, 37%-47%), 62% (95% CI, 53%-70%), and 88% (64%-99%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In ELBW infants who survive to a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks, a simple count of 3 common neonatal morbidities strongly predicts the risk of later death or neurosensory impairment.

Cobertura tem??tica do Reposit??rio Institucional da ENAP

A Cobertura Tem??tica do Reposit??rio Institucional da ENAP ?? uma linguagem document??ria que objetiva identificar as grandes ??reas tem??ticas existentes no contexto institucional da ENAP e refletir os conceitos utilizados na ??rea de conhecimento Administra????o P??blica, observando os limites de atua????o da escola. Tal estudo permitir?? um melhor controle dos termos autorizados nos diversos sistemas de informa????o da ENAP e parcerias, inclusive o Reposit??rio Institucional da ENAP.

Manual do Reposit??rio institucional da ENAP

O Manual do Reposit??rio Institucional da ENAP foi elaborado com o objetivo de auxiliar a compreens??o e utiliza????o dessa ferramenta, visando ?? capacita????o de pontos focais que far??o a submiss??o de ativos digitais, a valida????o dos documentos depositados, e dos revisores de metadados, que ir??o de fato publicar os itens no reposit??rio, orientando quanto ??s regras para o preenchimento do conjunto de metadados, e aos passos necess??rios para o fluxo de submiss??o.

Planejamento estrat??gico enquanto medida de fortalecimento institucional: a Empresa Brasil de Comunica????o

H?? na sociedade, a busca pela compreens??o sobre as vari??veis dos fen??menos que a influenciam para se manter relativamente est??vel e aqueles que a condicionam para a mudan??a. O institucionalismo possui essa complei????o pela vis??o sist??mica que disp??e. O composto social, objeto da an??lise institucional ?? complexo, pois est?? envolto por contratos sociais, ordena????es jur??dicas, corpora????es econ??micas e pol??ticas, interveni??ncia estatal, organiza????es e institui????es sociais, mas, sobretudo h?? o interesse p??blico como regente do institucionalismo. A conduta ou pr??tica social ?? disciplina orientadora de interface entre todas as ??reas. A comunica????o p??blica deve ser o reflexo do interesse p??blico, mas os representantes deste tipo de comunica????o n??o podem se apropriar de qualquer tipo de interesse, portanto precisa se conscientizar previamente de quest??es sociais, pol??ticas e econ??micas para cooperar com a institucionaliza????o da comunica????o p??blica. Assim, o trabalho analisa a partir das estrat??gias organizacionais da EBC a ader??ncia ?? perspectiva de institucionaliza????o do setor de comunica????o p??blica

Portaria n?? 297, de 30 de dezembro de 2013: institui o Reposit??rio Institucional da ENAP

Disp??e sobre o Reposit??rio Institucional da Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica (ENAP) e estabelece as compet??ncias e as responsabilidades a ele referentes.

Texto para discuss??o 36: relat??rio de avalia????o do curso Elabora????o de indicadores de desempenho institucional

O objetivo do presente relat??rio de pesquisa ?? apresentar os resultados finais obtidos por meio da Avalia????o de Efic??cia do curso Elabora????o de Indicadores de Desempenho Institucional, realizado pela ENAP em turma fechada junto ?? Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB), entre os dias 10 e 21/05/1999. Os objetivos espec??ficos desta pesquisa ser??o analisados para investigar se o treinamento foi considerado satisfat??rio pela institui????o que contratou o curso; se os objetivos pedag??gicos do curso foram atingidos; se os conhecimentos e habilidades foram transferidos para o ambiente de trabalho; e se o treinamento modificou pr??ticas cotidianas, aumentando o desempenho da empresa e de suas unidades, demonstrando, de forma geral, se os benef??cios alcan??ados compensaram os custos envolvidos nos treinamentos

Elabora????o de indicadores de desempenho institucional

O Material do Aluno ?? o instrumento did??tico complementar ??s aulas presenciais do curso que, juntamente ??s orienta????es do professor e ??s pr??ticas realizadas na sala de aula, possibilita o aprendizado dos temas apresentados. Este documento apresenta seguinte estrutura: Cap??tulo 1 ??? Introdu????o: apresenta o contexto do curso de Elabora????o de Indicadores de Desempenho Institucional. Cap??tulo 2 ??? Conceitos Gerais: apresenta os conceitos que envolvem a melhor forma de defini????o e sele????o de indicadores. Cap??tulo 3 ??? S??o apresentados os principais atributos dos indicadores. Cap??tulo 4 ??? Classifica????o de indicadores de desempenho Institucional. Cap??tulo 5 ??? Estabelecimento de indicadores que ir??o compor um sistema de medi????o do desempenho institucional. Cap??tulo 6 ??? Apresenta????o dos elementos complementares: descri????o de indicadores, interpreta????o de seus resultados, estabelecimento de metas, a informatiza????o, a comunica????o de seus resultados e o desdobramento do sistema de medi????o do foco estrat??gico para o gerencial e o operacional. Cap??tulo 7 ??? Bibliografia. Este material tamb??m tem por finalidade servir de instrumento de consulta r??pida para esclarecer eventuais d??vidas do aluno na aplica????o dos conhecimentos adquiridos no exerc??cio de seu trabalho

V??deo institucional ENAP: 1997

V??deo institucional sobre objetivos e atua????o da ENAP