Economic assessment of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) hatchery industry in Panay Island, Philippines

Results of the economic assessment of shrimp hatchery industry in Panay Island, Philippines are presented. In order to ensure continuous viability of hatcheries, the critical areas of concern are: financing of operating capital and improvement of facilities; collective marketing efforts through cooperatives; updating of technology especially in disease prevention and control; and diversification strategies.

A escola e o professor no cinema brasileiro contemporâneo: discursos e hegemonia a partir dos conceitos da indústria cultural

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo filmes brasileiros contemporâneos que têm professores e/ou a escola como personagens/cenários em seus conteúdos. Para a análise desses filmes, realiza-se, inicialmente, a apresentação do desenvolvimento da atividade cinematográfica no Brasil e seu funcionamento como indústria, a partir de três etapas: produção, distribuição e exibição. Todas essas etapas envolvem grandes investimentos que podem ser públicos ou privados. Atualmente, o Estado brasileiro financia de forma indireta a produção fílmica, através de parcerias com o mercado. As fases de distribuição e exibição, por sua vez, só recebem investimentos de instâncias privadas, o que contribui para um processo de monopolização da atividade cinematográfica brasileira por indústrias culturais, sejam americanas ou nacionais. A partir da relação cinema e indústria, apresenta-se o conceito de indústria cultural, desenvolvido por Adorno e Horkheimer, abordando os interesses econômicos e ideológicos que permeiam a criação de produtos culturais. No intuito de explicitar, ainda mais, a importância dos interesses ideológicos, busca-se o conceito de hegemonia, de Gramsci, a partir do qual se afirma que a indústria cultural pode funcionar como um aparelho privado de hegemonia, contribuindo para hegemonizar valores comuns aos parceiros. No Brasil, o foco está posto nas Organizações Globo como indústria cultural e aparelho privado de hegemonia, com a discussão de suas práticas econômicas e sociais. A Globo Filmes é a empresa das Organizações Globo responsável pelo cinema, atuando na produção e divulgação de filmes nacionais. Os filmes escolhidos para análise nesse trabalho foram produzidos ou apoiados por essa empresa e são eles: Verônica (2009), Uma Professora Muito Maluquinha (2011) e Qualquer gato vira-lata (2011). Todos eles têm o professor como personagem principal e os dois primeiros apresentam a escola como cenário. A análise do discurso na abordagem tridimensional apresentada por Fairclough é utilizada como proposta teórico-metodológica, para abordar os filmes como texto, prática discursiva e prática social, permitindo a aproximação do objeto expresso no título da tese

Seaweed industry in India

The seaweed industry in India is mainly a cottage industry and is based only on the natural stock of agar yielding red seaweeds, such as Gelidiella acerosa and Gracilaria eduli and algin yielding brown seaweed species such as Sargassum and Turbinaria. India produces 110-132 t of dry agar annually utilizing about 880-1100 t of dry agarophytes, and 360-540 t of algin from 3600-5400 t of dry alginophytes.

History of the Atlantic Pearl-Oyster, Pinctata imbricata, Industry in Venezuela and Colombia, with Biological and Ecological Observations

In the 1500’s, the waters of Venezuela and to a lesser extent Colombia produced more natural pearls than any place ever produced in the world in any succeeding century. Atlantic pearl-oysters, Pinctata imbricata Röding 1798, were harvested almost entirely by divers. The pearls from them were exported to Spain and other European countries. By the end of the 1500’s, the pearl oysters had become much scarcer, and little harvesting took place during the 1600’s and 1700’s. Harvesting began to accelerate slowly in the mid 1800’s and has since continued but at a much lower rate than in the 1500’s. The harvesting methods have been hand collecting by divers until the early 1960’s, dredging from the 1500’s to the present, and hardhat diving from 1912 to the early 1960’s. Since the mid 1900’s, Japan and other countries of the western Pacific rim have inundated world markets with cultured pearls that are of better quality and are cheaper than natural pearls, and the marketing of natural pearls has nearly ended. The pearl oyster fishery in Colombia ended in the 1940’s, but it has continued in Venezuela with the fishermen selling the meats to support themselves; previously most meats had been discarded. A small quantity of pearls is now taken, and the fishery, which comprised about 3,000 fishermen in 1947, comprised about 300 in 2002.

Government-Industry Cooperative Fisheries Research in the North Pacific under the MSFCMA

The National Marine Fisheries Service’s Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) has a long and successful history of conducting research in cooperation with the fishing industry. Many of the AFSC’s annual resource assessment surveys are carried out aboard chartered commercial vessels and the skill and experience of captains and crew are integral to the success of this work. Fishing companies have been contracted to provide vessels and expertise for many different types of research, including testing and evaluation of survey and commercial fishing gear and development of improved methods for estimating commercial catch quantity and composition. AFSC scientists have also participated in a number of industry-initiated research projects including development of selective fishing gears for bycatch reduction and evaluating and improving observer catch composition sampling. In this paper, we describe the legal and regulatory provisions for these types of cooperative work and present examples to illustrate the process and identify the requirements for successful cooperative research.

The Oyster Industry of Eastern Mexico

Mexico has an oyster industry of substantial size, ranking about sixth in the world. In 1993, among the top ten oyster producers, Korea, Japan, the United States, China, and France ranked ahead of Mexico, while the Philippines, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand trailed it (Fig. 1). On its east coast, the species landed is the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, while on its west coast C. corteziensis, C. iridescens, and the Pacific oyster, C. gigas, are landed. During the last 10-15 years, annual production often was at least 50,000 t of shelled oysters, or nearly 1.5 million bushels (Anonymous, 1995), with the great preponderance (90%) coming from a series of lagoons connecting with the Gulf of Mexico along the east coast (Fig. 2) and the remainder produced on the west coast.