Inflammatory Process Modulation by Homeopathic Arnica montana 6CH: The Role of Individual Variation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Copy number variation of individual cattle genomes using next-generation sequencing

Copy number variations (CNVs) affect a wide range of phenotypic traits; however, CNVs in or near segmental duplication regions are often intractable. Using a read depth approach based on next-generation sequencing, we examined genome-wide copy number differences among five taurine (three Angus, one Holstein, and one Hereford) and one indicine (Nelore) cattle. Within mapped chromosomal sequence, we identified 1265 CNV regions comprising similar to 55.6-Mbp sequence-476 of which (similar to 38%) have not previously been reported. We validated this sequence-based CNV call set with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), achieving a validation rate of 82% and a false positive rate of 8%. We further estimated absolute copy numbers for genomic segments and annotated genes in each individual. Surveys of the top 25 most variable genes revealed that the Nelore individual had the lowest copy numbers in 13 cases (similar to 52%, chi(2) test; P-value <0.05). In contrast, genes related to pathogen- and parasite-resistance, such as CATHL4 and ULBP17, were highly duplicated in the Nelore individual relative to the taurine cattle, while genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism, including APOL3 and FABP2, were highly duplicated in the beef breeds. These CNV regions also harbor genes like BPIFA2A (BSP30A) and WC1, suggesting that some CNVs may be associated with breed-specific differences in adaptation, health, and production traits. By providing the first individualized cattle CNV and segmental duplication maps and genome-wide gene copy number estimates, we enable future CNV studies into highly duplicated regions in the cattle genome.

Oviposition behavior of Ceratitis capitata wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae): Association between oviposition preference and larval performance in individual females

The oviposition preference and larval performance of females of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were examined. Wild or laboratory-reared females were tested for oviposition preference in relation to papaya fruit in different stages of ripeness, as well as to two different fruits: papaya and apple. The results demonstrated that both laboratory-reared and wild females preferred ripe papaya fruit compared to unripe fruit for oviposition, and that ripe papaya was the best for larval performance. When oviposition preference was tested with different fruits (papaya and apple), both wild and laboratory-reared larvae developed better in papaya. However, only wild females showed a preference for oviposition on papaya as opposed to apple. Laboratory-reared females showed no oviposition preference on fruits that resulted in better larval performance.

Spontaneous eye blink analysis in the normal individual

Purpose: Spontaneous eye blink activity in the primary eye position and its relationship to age and gender were assessed using digital image processing techniques to quantify blink opening and closing time. Methods: One hundred-and-eighty healthy volunteers (90 males and 90 females), divided into the age groups 0-3, 4-12, 13-20, 21-40, 41-60 and ≥60 years old, were evaluated prospectively. They were videotaped digitally in a standard setting and the images were transferred to a personal computer (Macintosh 400) and processed with the iMovie software. Blink opening and closing time were measured at 30 frames/second. The data were then subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The closing time was significantly longer than the opening time for all ages and both genders. Elderly individuals (≥41 years old) and women had significantly longer closing times. Conclusion: Image processing techniques made possible the observation of differences in spontaneous eye blink opening and closing time in relation to age and gender. Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis LLC.

Electrical properties of individual and small ensembles of InAs/InP nanostructures

We investigate electrical properties of InAs/InP semiconductor nanostructures by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and current measurements at low temperatures in processed devices. Different conductances and threshold voltages for current onset were observed for each type of nanostructure. In particular, the extremity of the wire could be compared to a dot with similar dimensions. The processed devices were used in order to access the in-plane conductance of an assembly of a reduced number of nanostructures. Here, fluctuations on I-V curves at low temperatures (<40 K) were observed. At these low temperatures and for a suitable range of applied voltages, random telegraph noise (RTN) in the current was observed for devices with dots. These fluctuations can be associated to electrons trapped in dots, as suggested by numerical simulations. A crossover from a semiconductor-like to a metallic transport behavior is also observed for similar parameters. © 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Vulnerabilidad de las clases medias en América Latina: competitividad individual y posición social

Incluye Bibliografía

¿Equidad por movilidad individual o por reducción de distancias?: educación, empleo e ingreso en Chile

Incluye Bibliografía

El impacto de la crisis financiera global en el sistema chileno de capitalización individual: lecciones respecto de los desafíos regulatorios

Incluye Bibliografía

Análisis individual y contextual en la identificación de los pueblos indígenas (México, 1990-2000)

Incluye Bibliografía

Income inequality in Central America, Dominican Republic and Mexico: assessing the importance of individual and household characteristics

Includes bibliography

Perfusão cerebral e análise individual automatizada utilizando SPECT em uma população com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

Objective: To make individual assessments using automated quantification methodology in order to screen for perfusion abnormalities in cerebral SPECT examinations among a sample of subjects with OCD. Methods: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to compare 26 brain SPECT images from patients with OCD individually with an image bank of 32 normal subjects, using the statistical threshold of p < 0.05 (corrected for multiple comparisons at the level of individual voxels or clusters). The maps were analyzed, and regions presenting voxels that remained above this threshold were sought. results: Six patients from a sample of 26 OCD images showed abnormalities at cluster or voxel level, considering the criteria described above, which represented 23.07%. However, seven images from the normal group of 32 were also indicated as cases of perfusional abnormality, representing 21.8% of the sample. Conclusion: The automated quantification method was not considered to be a useful tool for clinical practice, for analyses complementary to visual inspection.

Determinantes de las tasas de reemplazo de pensiones de capitalización individual: escenarios latinoamericanos comparados

La aparición de las cuentas individuales como mecanismo de financiamiento substitutivo o parcial de los sistemas de pensiones de la seguridad social y su significativa expansión en América Latina, y más tarde en algunos países de Europa del Este, abrió un interesante y no pocas veces acalorado debate sobre los objetivos, alcances y principios inherentes a su funcionamiento. Uno de los objetivos explícitos de estas reformas fue mejorar los niveles de suficiencia de las pensiones; es decir, la relación entre los montos de las pensiones y los salarios con base en los cuales se pagan las contribuciones. Pero ello continúa siendo un tema muy polémico entre los defensores y detractores de las cuentas individuales. El concepto tasa de reemplazo hace referencia a la relación entre el nivel de la pensión y el nivel de ingresos con que se realizaron las aportaciones a lo largo del ciclo laboral del individuo. La aproximación utilizada habitualmente para calcularlas compara los salarios cotizables previos a la jubilación con los montos de pensión disponibles tras el retiro y es el considerado en este trabajo para favorecer la comparación internacional de los resultados y el uso de las bases de datos disponibles. Pero el presente análisis no versa sobre las tasas efectivas de reemplazo a escala individual que obtendrían quienes están o estarán recibiendo beneficios, ya que ellas, al depender de las características y trayectorias individuales de las personas seleccionadas, no serían representativas de las pensiones que brinda el sistema en su conjunto para la población meta establecida en una ley de seguridad social. Para indagar en el perfil de las tasas que los sistemas de pensiones ofrecen al conjunto de la población, el presente estudio las simula para diferentes países, bajo diferentes escenarios. Utiliza como unidad de análisis al individuo, por medio de una medición teórica prospectiva de largo plazo que captura datos transversales promedios, combina las principales características individuales del grupo cubierto y evalúa la sustitución de los ingresos de los trabajadores asalariados, en Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, México, Perú, República Dominicana y Uruguay según los factores determinantes de las tasas. Estos factores determinantes son múltiples: económicos, socio-demográficos y programáticos, es decir, relativos al diseño, organización financiera y régimen administrativo de los sistemas de pensiones. Dichos factores en su interacción generan resultados muy distintos en cada país por sector económico, género, edad, nivel de ingreso etc. Se trata de identificarlos y de captar la relevancia y la magnitud de su incidencia.

Development of sustainable precision farming systems for swine: Estimating realtime individual amino acid requirements in growing-finishing pigs

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a mathematical model used to estimate the daily amino acid requirements of individual growing-finishing pigs. The model includes empirical and mechanistic model components. The empirical component estimates daily feed intake (DFI), BW, and daily gain (DG) based on individual pig information collected in real time. Based on DFI, BW, and DG estimates, the mechanistic component uses classic factorial equations to estimate the optimal concentration of amino acids that must be offered to each pig to meet its requirements. The model was evaluated with data from a study that investigated the effect of feeding pigs with a 3-phase or daily multiphase system. The DFI and BW values measured in this study were compared with those estimated by the empirical component of the model. The coherence of the values estimated by the mechanistic component was evaluated by analyzing if it followed a normal pattern of requirements. Lastly, the proposed model was evaluated by comparing its estimates with those generated by the existing growth model (InraPorc). The precision of the proposed model and InraPorc in estimating DFI and BW was evaluated through the mean absolute error. The empirical component results indicated that the DFI and BW trajectories of individual pigs fed ad libitum could be predicted 1 d (DFI) or 7 d (BW) ahead with the average mean absolute error of 12.45 and 1.85%, respectively. The average mean absolute error obtained with the InraPorc for the average individual of the population was 14.72% for DFI and 5.38% for BW. Major differences were observed when estimates from InraPorc were compared with individual observations. The proposed model, however, was effective in tracking the change in DFI and BW for each individual pig. The mechanistic model component estimated the optimal standardized ileal digestible Lys to NE ratio with reasonable between animal (average CV = 7%) and overtime (average CV = 14%) variation. Thus, the amino acid requirements estimated by model are animal- and time-dependent and follow, in real time, the individual DFI and BW growth patterns. The proposed model can follow the average feed intake and feed weight trajectory of each individual pig in real time with good accuracy. Based on these trajectories and using classical factorial equations, the model makes it possible to estimate dynamically the AA requirements of each animal, taking into account the intake and growth changes of the animal. © 2012 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Origen y magnitud de la evasión en el sistema de pensiones chileno derivado de la capitalización individual

Incluye Bibliografía